scholarly journals Milk Odd and Branched Chain Fatty Acids in Dairy Cows: A Review on Dietary Factors and its Consequences on Human Health

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3210
Author(s):  
Sidi Ka Amar Abdoul-Aziz ◽  
Yangdong Zhang ◽  
Jiaqi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

This review highlights the importance of odd and branched chain fatty acids (OBCFAs) and dietary factors that may affect the content of milk OBCFAs in dairy cows. Historically, OBCFAs in cow milk had little significance due to their low concentrations compared to other milk fatty acids (FAs). The primary source of OBCFAs is ruminal bacteria. In general, FAs and OBCFAs profile in milk is mainly affected by dietary FAs and FAs metabolism in the rumen. Additionally, lipid mobilization in the body and FAs metabolism in mammary glands affect the milk OBCFAs profile. In cows, supplementation with fat rich in linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid decrease milk OBCFAs content, whereas supplementation with marine algae or fish oil increase milk OBCFAs content. Feeding more forage rather than concentrate increases the yield of some OBCFAs in milk. A high grass silage rate in the diet may increase milk total OBCFAs. In contrast to saturated FAs, OBCFAs have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. Furthermore, OBCFAs may have anti-cancer properties and prevent Alzheimer’s disease and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Relations of Ruminal Fermentation Parameters and Microbial Matters to Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Rumen Fluid of Dairy Cows at Different Milk Stages

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyuan Liu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Guobin Luo ◽  
Hangshu Xin ◽  
Yonggen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Nitrogen Flow ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether relationships exist between odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFAs) originating from milk fat and the corresponding data of ruminal fermentation parameters, microbial populations, and base contents that were used to mark microbial protein in rumen. Nine lactating Holstein dairy cows with similar body weights and parity were selected in this study, and the samples of rumen and milk were collected at the early, middle, and late stages, respectively. The rumen and milk samples were collected over three consecutive days from each cow, and the ruminal and milk OBCFA profiles, ruminal fermentation parameters, bacterial populations, and base contents were measured. The results showed that the concentrations of OBCFAs, with the exception of C11:0 and C15:0, were significantly different between milk and rumen (p < 0.05). The concentrations of anteiso-fatty acids in milk were higher than those in rumen, and the contents of linear odd-chain fatty acids were higher than those of branched-chain fatty acids in both milk and rumen. Significant relationships that existed between the concentrations of C11:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, C15:0, and anteiso-C17:0 in rumen and milk (p < 0.05). The total OBCFA content in milk was positively related to the acetate molar proportion but negatively correlated with isoacid contents (p < 0.05). The populations of Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefacients, and Eubacterium ruminantium were significantly related to milk C13:0 contents (p < 0.05). The adenine/N ratio was negatively related to milk OBCFA content (p < 0.05) but positively associated with the iso-C15:0/iso-C17:0 ratio (p < 0.05). Milk OBCFAs were significantly correlated with ruminal fermentation parameters, ruminal bacterial populations, and base contents. Milk OBCFAs had the potential to predict microbial nitrogen flow, and the prediction equations for ruminal microbial nitrogen flow were established for OBCFAs in dairy milk.

scholarly journals Effect of lipid supplementation on milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 6311-6323 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Baumann ◽  
P.Y. Chouinard ◽  
Y. Lebeuf ◽  
D.E. Rico ◽  
R. Gervais
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Supplementation ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Apparent Recovery of Duodenal Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Milk of Dairy Cows

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1775-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
J.M. Moorby ◽  
B. Vlaeminck ◽  
V. Fievez
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Short communication: Effects of diets containing supplemental fats on ruminal fermentation and milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids in dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 6133-6141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vazirigohar ◽  
M. Dehghan-Banadaky ◽  
K. Rezayazdi ◽  
A. Nejati-Javaremi ◽  
H. Mirzaei-Alamouti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Communication Effects ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Relationship of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids with Urine Parameters and Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows Fed Different Proportions of Maize Silage and Red Clover Silage

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Edwin Westreicher-Kristen ◽  
Joaquín Castro-Montoya ◽  
Mario Hasler ◽  
Andreas Susenbeth
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) with urinary purine derivates and estimated ruminal microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis. Forty-four lactating Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-day periods comprised of a 13-day adaptation phase to diet followed by an 8-day sampling phase. Differences in estimated MCP yield and milk OBCFA composition were found by feeding total mixed rations containing forage (maize silage, MS; red clover silage, RCS) and concentrates (0.75:0.25) with targeted proportions of RCS to MS of 0.15:0.60, 0.30:0.45, 0.45:0.30, and 0.60:0.15 on a dry matter basis. The MCP was estimated from the total urinary purine derivate (PD) excretion (MCPPD) and intakes of metabolizable energy (MCPME) or digestible organic matter (MCPdOM). The Pearson correlations of individual OBCFA with urinary parameters (uric acid, allantoin, PD and nitrogen) were generally weak (r = −0.37 to 0.55). Yields of individual OBCFA correlated positively with MCPME and MCPdOM (r = 0.21 to 0.55). The prediction of urinary PD concentration was moderate (R2 = 0.64) when including the proportion of iso-C17:0. The prediction of total PD excretion was low (R2 = 0.21) with yields of iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, and iso-C16:0. The prediction of MCPPD was high (R2 = 0.99) when including the iso-C16:0 and cis-9 C17:1 concentrations, while those of MCPME and MCPdOM were low (R2 = 0.37 and 0.36, respectively) when including yields of iso-C15:0, cis-9 C17:1, and iso-C18:0. The correlations and regression analyses demonstrate that the estimated MCP synthesis and urinary PD excretion can be only moderately predicted by yields and concentrations of individual or total OBCFA in cow’s milk. However, milk OBCFA can still be seen as a promising, non-invasive method for predicting rumen function and microbial protein supply in dairy cows because MCP flow was not directly measured in this study but instead indirectly estimated probably comprising considerable deviations of the assumed values from the true ones.

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