scholarly journals Astragalus membranaceus Alters Rumen Bacteria to Enhance Fiber Digestion, Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Immunity Indices of Small Intestinal Mucosa, and Enhances Liver Metabolites for Energy Synthesis in Tibetan Sheep

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3236
Author(s):  
Xianju Wang ◽  
Changsheng Hu ◽  
Luming Ding ◽  
Yiguo Tang ◽  
Haiyan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Astragalus Membranaceus ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Energy Synthesis ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Relative Abundances

Natural, non-toxic feed additives can potentially replace chemical medications and antibiotics that are offered sheep to improve performance. In the present study, Tibetan sheep were supplemented with the root of Astragalus membranaceus (AMT), a traditional herb used widely in China. Twenty-four male Tibetan sheep (31 ± 1.4 kg; 9-month-old) were assigned randomly to one of four levels of supplementary AMT: 0 g/kg (A0), 20 g/kg (A20), 50 g/kg (A50) and 80 g/kg (A80) dry matter intake (DMI). The A50 and A80 groups increased the diversity of rumen bacteria on d 14 and the relative abundances of fiber decomposing bacteria. Supplementary AMT upregulated the metabolism of vitamins, nucleotides, amino acids and glycan, and downregulated the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. In addition, supplementary AMT enriched rumen bacteria for drug resistance, and reduced bacteria incurring cell motility. In general, AMT supplementation increased the concentrations of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the small intestinal mucosa and CAT and SOD in meat tissue. The liver tissue metabolome response showed that AMT in the A80 lambs compared to the A0 lambs upregulated the metabolites for energy synthesis. It was concluded that supplementary A. membranaceus increased the relative abundances of fiber decomposing bacteria and improved the antioxidant capacities and immunity indices of small intestinal mucosa and meat tissue in Tibetan sheep.

scholarly journals The Effect of Probiotics on the Morphological Characteristics of the Small Intestinal Mucosa

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-524
Author(s):  
Anna Rekiel ◽  
Wojciech Bielecki ◽  
Justyna Więcek
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Crypt Epithelium ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of antibiotics and selected probiotics on the morphological properties of the small intestinal mucosa in growing-finishing pigs. Two production experiments were conducted on 32 hybrid fatteners (16 pigs per experiment, of 8 gilts and young hogs each, at a 1:1 ratio) fed complete diets in a 2-phase system. The animals were clinically healthy and had been treated for parasites prior to fattening. In the first experiment, diets were supplemented with the antibiotic flavomycin (group C1) and the probiotic ToyoCerin (Bacillus toyoi strain) (group E1) at the amount of 0.1%, and in the second experiment with flavomycin (C2) and Bactocell (Pedicoccus acidilactici, MA18/5M strain) (E2) at the amount of 0.01%. A histological analysis of small intestinal epithelial sections was performed using bax, bcl-x, bcl-2 polyclonal antibodies and Ki-67 and PCNA monoclonal antibodies. Sections of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were prepared post mortem. Haematoxylin and eosin H-E, histochemical (PAS-Alcian Blue) and immunohistochemical staining procedures were applied. The results of histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical examinations of the small intestinal mucosa indicated that feed additives and probiotics had a varied effect on the morphological characteristics and the proliferation capacity of crypt epithelium. Enterocyte proliferation in crypt epithelium decreased after the administration of probiotics. The absence of significant differences between groups (C1-E1; C2-E2) may suggest that probiotics have no adverse effect on mucosal epithelial cells. Nevertheless, given the importance of this topic and the development of the use of feed additives, follow up research in this area is needed.

scholarly journals Comparative effect of orally administered sodium butyrate before or after weaning on growth and several indices of gastrointestinal biology of piglets

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1285-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Le Gall ◽  
Mélanie Gallois ◽  
Bernard Sève ◽  
Isabelle Louveau ◽  
Jens J. Holst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Villous Height ◽  
Small Intestinal

Sodium butyrate (SB) provided orally favours body growth and maturation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in milk-fed pigs. In weaned pigs, conflicting results have been obtained. Therefore, we hypothesised that the effects of SB (3 g/kg DM intake) depend on the period (before v. after weaning) of its oral administration. From the age of 5 d, thirty-two pigs, blocked in quadruplicates within litters, were assigned to one of four treatments: no SB (control), SB before (for 24 d), or after (for 11–12 d) weaning and SB before and after weaning (for 35–36 d). Growth performance, feed intake and various end-point indices of GIT anatomy and physiology were investigated at slaughter. The pigs supplemented with SB before weaning grew faster after weaning than the controls (P < 0·05). The feed intake was higher in pigs supplemented with SB before or after weaning (P < 0·05). SB provided before weaning improved post-weaning faecal digestibility (P < 0·05) while SB after weaning decreased ileal and faecal digestibilities (P < 0·05). Gastric digesta retention was higher when SB was provided before weaning (P < 0·05). Post-weaning administration of SB decreased the activity of three pancreatic enzymes and five intestinal enzymes (P < 0·05). IL-18 gene expression tended to be lower in the mid-jejunum in SB-supplemented pigs. The small-intestinal mucosa was thinner and jejunal villous height lower in all SB groups (P < 0·05). In conclusion, the pre-weaning SB supplementation was the most efficient to stimulate body growth and feed intake after weaning, by reducing gastric emptying and intestinal mucosa weight and by increasing feed digestibility.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of apolipoprotein C-III in rat liver and small intestinal mucosa.

1984 ◽  
Vol 259 (4) ◽  
pp. 2452-2456 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Blaufuss ◽  
J I Gordon ◽  
G Schonfeld ◽  
A W Strauss ◽  
D H Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Apolipoprotein C ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals Contribution of Infectious Agents to the Development of Celiac Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Daniel Sánchez ◽  
Iva Hoffmanová ◽  
Adéla Szczepanková ◽  
Věra Hábová ◽  
Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Food Antigens ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
And Function

The ingestion of wheat gliadin (alcohol-soluble proteins, an integral part of wheat gluten) and related proteins induce, in genetically predisposed individuals, celiac disease (CD), which is characterized by immune-mediated impairment of the small intestinal mucosa. The lifelong omission of gluten and related grain proteins, i.e., a gluten-free diet (GFD), is at present the only therapy for CD. Although a GFD usually reduces CD symptoms, it does not entirely restore the small intestinal mucosa to a fully healthy state. Recently, the participation of microbial components in pathogenetic mechanisms of celiac disease was suggested. The present review provides information on infectious diseases associated with CD and the putative role of infections in CD development. Moreover, the involvement of the microbiota as a factor contributing to pathological changes in the intestine is discussed. Attention is paid to the mechanisms by which microbes and their components affect mucosal immunity, including tolerance to food antigens. Modulation of microbiota composition and function and the potential beneficial effects of probiotics in celiac disease are discussed.

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