scholarly journals How Housing Conditions Determine the Welfare of Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3484
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ludwiczak ◽  
Ewa Skrzypczak ◽  
Joanna Składanowska-Baryza ◽  
Marek Stanisz ◽  
Piotr Ślósarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Issues ◽  
Alternative Housing ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Slaughter Performance ◽  
Outdoor Housing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Literature Group ◽  
Environmental Exploration ◽  
Increased Activity

Humans who care for pigs prefer an environment that not only allows the pigs to express their natural behaviors but also limits the development of aggression and stereotypes. Most of the behavioral and health problems encountered by pigs in barren, conventional conditions are solved by alternative housing systems. However, it is not known whether these systems are advantageous in terms of the performance of pigs. In this work, we review the effects of housing systems on pigs’ behaviors and performance, which are among the major indicators of the welfare of these animals. Research results point out that outdoor systems are more ideal for sows and fatteners than buildings. Nonetheless, outdoor housing is associated with two major effects in both groups: increased activity due to environmental exploration and higher space allowance, and increased incidence of injuries compared to indoor systems. Sows are more active when housed in groups, but they experience an increased frequency of injuries. According to the literature, group-housed sows give birth to healthy piglets with good daily weight gains. The difference in the fattening and slaughter performance of pigs raised indoors vs. outdoors remains unclear, and the results reported so far are inconsistent. Outdoor systems seem to be associated with a higher incidence of osteochondrosis and lesions of elbow and hock joints, whereas indoor systems cause a greater degree of body soiling in pigs. Based on the reviewed literature, it may be concluded that outdoor housing helps to solve behavioral issues in pigs but leads to other problems in pig production.

Behavior and performance in primiparous sows of two Min pig hybrid breeds in outdoor housing systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-gui Liu ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Jing Lv ◽  
Yun-qing Yu ◽  
Jun-ling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Housing Systems ◽  
Outdoor Housing ◽  
And Performance

A Modification of the Payne-Jones Method of Identifying Abnormal Differences in WISC-R Performance and Verbal IQ's

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
True Score ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Score Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

The difference (D) between a person's Verbal IQ (VIQ) and Performance IQ (PIQ) has for some time been considered clinically meaningful ( Kaufman, 1976 , 1979 ; Matarazzo, 1990 , 1991 ; Matarazzo & Herman, 1985 ; Sattler, 1982 ; Wechsler, 1984 ). Particularly useful is information about the degree to which a difference (D) between scores is “abnormal” (i.e., deviant in a standardization group) as opposed to simply “reliable” (i.e., indicative of a true score difference) ( Mittenberg, Thompson, & Schwartz, 1991 ; Silverstein, 1981 ; Payne & Jones, 1957 ). Payne and Jones (1957) proposed a formula to identify “abnormal” differences, which has been used extensively in the literature, and which has generally yielded good approximations to empirically determined “abnormal” differences ( Silverstein, 1985 ; Matarazzo & Herman, 1985 ). However applications of this formula have not taken into account the dependence (demonstrated by Kaufman, 1976 , 1979 , and Matarazzo & Herman, 1985 ) of Ds on Full Scale IQs (FSIQs). This has led to overestimation of “abnormality” of Ds of high FSIQ children, and underestimation of “abnormality” of Ds of low FSIQ children. This article presents a formula for identification of abnormal WISC-R Ds, which overcomes these problems, by explicitly taking into account the dependence of Ds on FSIQs.

scholarly journals Effect of grouping on behaviour of dairy heifers and cows in the transition period

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maria Soonberg ◽  
Marko Kass ◽  
Tanel Kaart ◽  
Rosie Barraclough ◽  
Marie J. Haskell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Cubicle Housing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Abstract Regrouping dairy cows is a common feature of dairy farm management. Cows are grouped based on lactation stage, age, milk yield and other factors. Regrouping cows during the dry period (from far-off area to close up area and from close up area to the main herd) brings new challenges. This is especially true for heifers who, after being confirmed gravid, may be grouped into a new pen with dried off cows. The aims of this study were to determine how grouping affects activity, nearest neighbour relationships and aggression, and how heifers’ acclimatization to a new group differs from cows. Therefore, the hypotheses were that regrouping cows has less of an effect on older cows compared to heifers, and cows' individuality affects acclimatization to a new group. Aggression data were recorded using a video camera that was directed at the feed bunk, and activity was recorded with activity monitors that were attached around the right hind leg. Synchrony and distance to nearest neighbour were recorded, as was the cows' location on the first 3 d from the day they returned to the main herd. Motion index, mean number of steps and number of lying bouts were significantly higher after calving compared to the week before calving and the difference was higher amongst heifers compared to cows (P < 0.001). Both cows and heifers lay down more in the strawyard compared to cubicle housing (P < 0.01) and cows were more aggressive than heifers in both housing systems (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). As hypothesized, heifers were more affected by regrouping and cows with more experience settled quicker to their new environment.

Organizational Support for Professionalism, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Noviana Norrohmat ◽  
Umar Nimran ◽  
Kusdi Raharjo ◽  
Hamidah Nayati Utami ◽  
Endang Siti Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this research is to determine the organizational support for professionalism that has never been done before. The research approach is to conceptualize the structure of the relationship of variables from a study. Verification research is to test the hypothesis through data collection in the field using two methods, namely descriptive survey and explanatory survey. The use of both methods aims to analyze the causality relationship between research variables in accordance with the hypothesis quantitatively. There is significant influence between the variables of organizational support to professional variables. However, different results are found on the influence of organizational support variables on OCB and performance that have no significant effect. There is also an indirect influence between organizational support variables on OCB and performance through intermediary intervening professionalism variables. The difference between this research and the previous research are the use of constructs and the measurement in the unit of analysis being used.

scholarly journals Production Quality Improvements and Energy Cost Reductions Associated With Compressed Air

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Krisa ◽  
David Voelker
Keyword(s):  
Production Quality ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Discharge Location ◽  
Supply Equipment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

Compressed air is utilized throughout various production processes in the citrus industry and can influence production quality and operating costs. Within production equipment, compressed air is expanded from a higher pressure to perform various tasks. The pressure ahead of the final discharge location can have a direct impact on the operation of the specific process. Article pressure is the term used to describe the pressure located closest to the point where air is expanded to do work. Article pressure can be influenced by many variables that exist between supply equipment (compressors) and the point of use. Understanding the relationship between the supply pressure and the article pressure will facilitate the ability to maximize the repeatability and performance of production equipment and minimize the supply power required to operate the compressed air system. This paper will discuss variables that influence the difference between the pressure supplied by the compressor station and the pressure utilized within the production equipment. Illustrations and field examples will be utilized to describe issues. Troubleshooting methods will be discussed along with a description of how to trend variables that influence production so problems can be corrected before they influence productivity. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Corporate reputation

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Pires ◽  
Guilherme Trez
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Corporate Reputation ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Social Implication ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different approaches to the corporate reputation construct, in order to identify a comprehensive definition that can be used for measurement purposes, gaps identified by previous literature identified. Design/methodology/approach This is a theoretical essay. The authors analyzed studies that involve the relationship between corporate reputation and organizational performance, and the attributes of national and international corporate reputation ratings. Findings The authors identified a more comprehensive definition for the reputation construct, and indicated courses for the construct’s measurement, by considering: the judgment by the stakeholders (internal, suppliers, clients and the financial market); periodical evaluations under different organizational perspectives; attention to theoretical assumptions, among other aspects. Research limitations/implications The study is a theoretical paper that presents that the research field has many definitions that cannot be used interchangeably. It indicated how the reputation construct should be operationalized for measurement purposes. This study presented a reflection on the relationship between corporate reputation and performance, showing that it is not a settled topic in the academy. Practical implications The study advances the understanding of the reputation construct measurement, considering the adopted definition and the discussion of the attributes of the main ratings on corporate reputation. The adoption of a measurement method that takes into account the definition used in this study and the features of the methodologies discussed will improve the corporate reputation assessment. Social implications Literature indicates that a good corporate reputation can affect organizational performance and the inverse relationship is also true. As a social implication, it is extremely relevant to improve the understanding the definition and measurement methods of this construct. Originality/value This study discusses one of the most important intangible resources for organizations, contributing to the understanding of the difference between the market value and the book value of public companies. Besides it should be considered that there is one lack of a definition directly related to the measurement of the reputation construct in the literature, a gap in which this study contributes.

scholarly journals Blind Image Deblurring Based on Local Edges Selection

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3274
Author(s):  
Han ◽  
Kan
Keyword(s):  
Image Deblurring ◽  
Color Images ◽  
Clear Image ◽  
Blind Image Deblurring ◽  
Alternating Direction ◽  
Dark Channel ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Image Edges ◽  
Blind Image

The edges of images are less sparse when images become blurred. Selecting effective image edges is a vital step in image deblurring, which can help us to build image deblurring models more accurately. While global edges selection methods tend to fail in capturing dense image structures, the edges are easy to be affected by noise and blur. In this paper, we propose an image deblurring method based on local edges selection. The local edges are selected by the difference between the bright channel and the dark channel. Then a novel image deblurring model including local edges regularization term is established. The obtaining of a clear image and blurring kernel is based on alternating iterations, in which the clear image is obtained by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). In the experiments, tests are carried out on gray value images, synthetic color images and natural color images. Compared with other state-of-the-art blind image deblurring methods, the visualization results and performance verify the effectiveness of our method.

Low Frequency of Adenylate Kinase Release into Cerebrospinal Fluid during Balanced, Normotensive Anaesthesia and a Non-Orthognathic Surgical Procedure

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Enlund ◽  
O Mentell ◽  
L Edmark ◽  
G Ronquist
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Adenylate Kinase ◽  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Oscillating Saw ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Increased Activity

Activity of strictly intracellular enzymes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may indicate leakage from dysfunctional brain cells. Increased activity of adenylate kinase (AK) in the CSF is indicative of brain cell injury arising from several sources, among them orthognathic surgery. The mechanism in the latter case is obscure, but the use of an oscillating saw which generates vibrations, and the site of surgery close to the brain may be contributing factors. Anaesthesia may also play a role. In the present study, CSF-AK activity was measured after hysterectomy and was compared with activity after orthognathic surgery in two other studies. Four of 19 patients (21%) in the present study expressed pathological activity, compared with 34 of 47 (72%) orthognathic patients in the two other studies. No firm conclusion may be drawn from historical comparisons, and the difference in activity seen between the two types of surgery might not necessarily be the result of surgical factors. Until this is investigated further, however, we conclude that there may be a difference in postoperative CSF-AK activity between orthognathic and lower abdominal surgery.

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