Growing Trial of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles Fed on Chironomid Meal as a Partial Substitution for Fish Meal

Insect meal derived from chironomid larvae and collected from aquatic environments was included in the feed of gilthead sea bream juveniles (75 ± 1.1 g) in a growth trial of 90 days. Three feeds, which were namely one control (L1) and two experimental diets (L2, L3), were analyzed and formulated as isonitrogenous (45%) and isolipidic (13%). In L1, the protein source was mainly soybean meal (32%), followed by fish meal (20%), wheat meal (20%), gluten corn (17%), and hemoglobin (11%). In L2, the proportion of soybean meal was increased (33.5%), followed by gluten corn (21%), wheat meal (14%), and hemoglobin (11%), whereas the fish meal source was reduced (15%) due to the inclusion of chironomids (5%). In L3, the proportion of fish meal was further reduced (8%) and that of chironomid meal was increased to 10% of the protein source. The L2 and L3 groups showed similar growth performances with respect to the L1 group. The feed conversion rate was favorable in all the groups, ranging from 1.18 (L1) to 1.22 (L3). Survival rates varied from 93.62% (L3) to 94.31% (L1). Feed palatability showed similar results for all diets. Although the inclusion of chironomid meal was used in small quantities, our results suggest a significant advantage in replacing 50% of the fish meal with the chironomid meal for growing gilthead sea bream fishes.

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Soybean meal as a protein source in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) diets: effects on growth and nutrient utilization

Aquaculture Research ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01637.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 82-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Silvia Martínez-Llorens ◽

Andrés Vicente Moñino ◽

Ana Tomás Vidal ◽

Vicente Javier Moya Salvador ◽

Marcial Pla Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Nutrient Utilization ◽

Protein Source ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream

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Partial substitution of fishmeal with soybean meal products and derivatives in diets for the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (L.)

Aquaculture Research ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2109.1996.tb00979.x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 147-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

I Nengas ◽

M N Alexis ◽

S J Davies

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Partial Substitution

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Modulation of Gilthead Sea Bream Gut Microbiota by a Bioactive Egg White Hydrolysate: Interactions Between Bacteria and Host Lipid Metabolism

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.698484 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Fernando Naya-Català ◽

Giulia A. Wiggers ◽

M. Carla Piazzon ◽

Manuel I. López-Martínez ◽

Itziar Estensoro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Egg White ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Gut Health ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Anterior Intestine

This study aimed to highlight the relationship between diet, animal performance and mucosal adherent gut microbiota (anterior intestine) in fish fed plant-based diets supplemented with an egg white hydrolysate (EWH) with antioxidant and anti-obesogenic activity in obese rats. The feeding trial with juveniles of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) lasted 8 weeks. Fish were fed near to visual satiety with a fish meal (FM)/fish oil (FO) based diet (CTRL) or a plant-based diet with/without EWH supplementation. Specific growth rate decreased gradually from 2.16% in CTRL fish to 1.88% in EWH fish due to a reduced feed intake, and a slight impairment of feed conversion ratio. Plant-based diets feeding triggered a hyperplasic inflammation of the anterior intestine regardless of EWH supplementation. However, EWH ameliorated the goblet cell depletion, and the hepatic and intestinal lipid accumulation induced by FM/FO replacement. Illumina sequencing of gut mucosal microbiota yielded a mean of 136,252 reads per sample assigned to 2,117 OTUs at 97% identity threshold. The bacterial diversity was similar in all groups, but a significantly lower richness was found in EWH fish. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria reached the highest proportion in CTRL and EWH fish, whereas Firmicutes were decreased and Actinobacteria increased with the FM/FO replacement. The proportion of Actinobacteria was restored by dietary EWH supplementation, which also triggered a highest amount of Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes. At a closer look, a widespread presence of Lactobacillales among groups was found. Otherwise, polysaccharide hydrolases secretors represented by Corynebacterium and Nocardioides were increased by the FM/FO replacement, whereas the mucin-degrading Streptococcus was only raised in fish fed the plant-based diet without EWH. In addition, in EWH fish, a higher abundance of Propionibacterium was related to an increased concentration of intestinal propionate. The antagonism of gut health-promoting propionate with cholesterol could explain the inferred underrepresentation of primary bile acid biosynthesis and steroid degradation pathways in the EWH fish microbiota. Altogether, these results reinforce the central role of gut microbiota in the regulation of host metabolism and lipid metabolism in particular, suggesting a role of the bioactive EWH peptides as an anti-obesity and/or satiety factor in fish.

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Plant oils' inclusion in high fish meal-substituted diets: effect on digestion and nutrient absorption in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)

Aquaculture Research ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02679.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 42 (7) ◽

pp. 962-974 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Ester Santigosa ◽

Irene García-Meilán ◽

Juana Maria Valentín ◽

Isabel Navarro ◽

Jaume Pérez-Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Meal ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Nutrient Absorption ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Plant Oils ◽

High Fish

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Contributions of MS metabolomics to gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) nutrition. Serum fingerprinting of fish fed low fish meal and fish oil diets

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.080 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 498 ◽

pp. 503-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rubén Gil-Solsona ◽

Josep Alvar Calduch-Giner ◽

Jaime Nácher-Mestre ◽

Leticia Lacalle-Bergeron ◽

Juan Vicente Sancho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream

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Partial replacement of fish meal by T-Iso in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles diets

Italian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.869 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 8 (sup2) ◽

pp. 869-871 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Giovanni Battista Palmegiano ◽

Francesco Gai ◽

Laura Gasco ◽

Giuseppe Lembo ◽

Maria Teresa Spedicato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Meal ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Partial Replacement

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Oxya hyla hyla (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as an Alternative Protein Source for Japanese Quail

International Scholarly Research Notices ◽

10.1155/2014/269810 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mousumi Das ◽

Suman Kalyan Mandal

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Japanese Quail ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Protein Source ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Japanese Quails ◽

Laying Performance

Nutrient composition of the grasshoppers Oxya hyla hyla showed that they are a rich nutrient source containing 687.7 g protein/kg of dry body weight. Their antinutrient values fell within nutritionally acceptable values of the poultry bird Coturnix japonica japonica (Japanese quail). The most required essential amino acids and fatty acids were also present in sufficient amount. For feeding trial nine diets were formulated on an equal crude protein (230 g/kg) basis with grasshopper meal, fish meal, and soybean meal. Three sets of diets with grasshopper meal were prepared with 50 g/kg, 100 g/kg, and 150 g/kg grasshopper of total feed. Similarly, other diet sets were prepared with fish meal and also with soybean meal. Results were compared with another group of Japanese quails fed on a reference diet that was considered as control. Two experiments were conducted with a total number of 600, seven-day-old, Japanese quails. In experiment 1 for determination of growth performance, quails were randomly distributed into ten groups of males and ten groups of females containing 30 birds each. In experiment 2 for determination of laying performance, identical ten groups were prepared in ten repetitions (2 females and 1 male in each group) from the six-week-old birds of experiment 1. Birds of diet set GM2 have gained the highest body weight (male 4.04 g/bird/day; female 5.01 g/bird/day) followed by birds of FM3 diet set (male 3.72 g/bird/day; female 4.40 g/bird/day), whereas birds of reference diet have gained 3.05 g/bird/day for male and 3.23 g/bird/day for female. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of birds fed with GM2 was the lowest (male 3.33; female 2.97) whereas FCR of R group was higher (male 4.37; female 4.65) than grasshopper meal and fish meal based diets. Hen day production percentage was higher (72.2) in GM2 group, followed by FM3 (63.5) group. R group had lower 1st egg weight (9.0 g), weight gain (8.2 g), percentage of hen day production (41.8%), higher feed intake (33.6 g/day/bird), and age at 1st laid egg than the grasshopper meal and fish meal based diets. So growth and laying performance of the birds were significantly better in grasshopper meal and fish meal added diet fed sets than the reference diet fed group; among all the dietary groups 100 g/kg grasshopper meal added diet mostly gave significantly better results followed by 150 g/kg fish meal added diets. It was ascertained that the O. hyla hyla meal had pronounced positive response on the birds. So, the quails could be easily fed 100 g/kg grasshopper meal added diet as it was the most suitable alternative feedstuff compared to the conventional protein source based diets.

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