scholarly journals Psychoactive Drugs—from Chemical Structure to Oxidative Stress Related to Dopaminergic Neurotransmission. A Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
George Jîtcă ◽  
Bianca E. Ősz ◽  
Amelia Tero-Vescan ◽  
Camil E. Vari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Nowadays, more and more young people want to experience illegal, psychoactive substances, without knowing the risks of exposure. Besides affecting social life, psychoactive substances also have an important effect on consumer health. We summarized and analyzed the published literature data with reference to the mechanism of free radical generation and the link between chemical structure and oxidative stress related to dopaminergic neurotransmission. This review presents data on the physicochemical properties, on the ability to cross the blood brain barrier, the chemical structure activity relationship (SAR), and possible mechanisms by which neuronal injuries occur due to oxidative stress as a result of drug abuse such as “bath salts”, amphetamines, or cocaine. The mechanisms of action of ingested compounds or their metabolites involve intermediate steps in which free radicals are generated. The brain is strongly affected by the consumption of such substances, facilitating the induction of neurodegenerative diseases. It can be concluded that neurotoxicity is associated with drug abuse. Dependence and oxidative stress are linked to inhibition of neurogenesis and the onset of neuronal death. Understanding the pathological mechanisms following oxidative attack can be a starting point in the development of new therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Potassium Dichromate-induced Haematoxicity and Oxidative Stress in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
O. I. Azeez ◽  
S. F. Braimah
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Effect of potassium dichromate was studied experimentally in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with and without vitamin E in induced haematoxicity and oxidative stress. Blood samples were collected for haematology and plasma biochemical parameters while gills, liver and kidney samples were collected for evaluation of markers of oxidative stress. Exposure to potassium dichromate led to a significant decrease in PCV, RBC, haemoglobin concentration, MCV, MCH and total WBC when compared with the unexposed     control and those fed with vitamin E-supplemented feed. Nephrotoxicity was also observed as evidenced by increases in plasma creatinine levels. Exposure to potassium dichromate also led to increased oxidative stress as the concentrations of antioxidant endogenous enzymes - GPx, GST and GSH were depleted while potentiating lipid peroxidation and hydroxyl radical generation. The changes in the haematological, biochemical and antioxidant parameters were restored in the fish fed with vitamin E-supplemented feed. The study showed exposure to potassium dichromate to be toxic to African catfish, causing anaemia and kidney damage with free radical generation and depletion of GSH and other antioxidant defence system but the toxic effect can be minimised along with weight gain in fish supplemented by vitamin – E in aquaculture.

scholarly journals Water deficit-induced membrane injury and oxidative stress in two barley genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Bandurska ◽  
Jolanta Floryszak-Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Induced Membrane ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Barley Genotypes

The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of water deficit on membrane injuries, superoxide radical generation and lipid peroxidation in the leaves of two barley genotypes. Six-day-old seedlings of the cv. Aramir and line R567 were used in the experiments. According to our earlier work these genotypes significantly differ in the level of membrane injuries under water deficit conditions. Water stress was applied directly to leaves or to roots. The stress caused considerable membrane injuries in the leaves of all genotypes investigated.The percentage membrane injury was higher in the line R567 than in the cv. Aramir. Water stress imposed on leaves caused higher membrane injuries than water stress imposed on roots. The water stress treatment followed by an oxidative stress in the leaves. Line R567 having noticeably larger membrane injuries also exhibited a higher level of superoxide radical generation than the cv. Aramir. The level of lipid peroxidation increased in the both genotypes under the conditions of water stress imposed on leaves, but not on roots.

Hydroxyl radical generation and oxidative stress in Carassius auratus liver, exposed to pyrene

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Sun ◽  
Ying Yin ◽  
Jingfei Zhang ◽  
Hongxia Yu ◽  
Xiaorong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Cyclosporine Treatment Reduces Oxygen Free Radical Generation and Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Hypoxia-Reoxygenated Newborn Piglets

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. e40471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richdeep S. Gill ◽  
Tze-Fun Lee ◽  
Jiang-Qin Liu ◽  
Hetal Chaudhary ◽  
Dion R. Brocks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Oxygen Free Radical ◽  
Free Radical Generation ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Bioeffects of Static Magnetic Fields: Oxidative Stress, Genotoxic Effects, and Cancer Studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumaya Ghodbane ◽  
Aida Lahbib ◽  
Mohsen Sakly ◽  
Hafedh Abdelmelek
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Static Magnetic Fields ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The interaction of static magnetic fields (SMFs) with living organisms is a rapidly growing field of investigation. The magnetic fields (MFs) effect observed with radical pair recombination is one of the well-known mechanisms by which MFs interact with biological systems. Exposure to SMF can increase the activity, concentration, and life time of paramagnetic free radicals, which might cause oxidative stress, genetic mutation, and/or apoptosis. Current evidence suggests that cell proliferation can be influenced by a treatment with both SMFs and anticancer drugs. It has been recently found that SMFs can enhance the anticancer effect of chemotherapeutic drugs; this may provide a new strategy for cancer therapy. This review focuses on our own data and other data from the literature of SMFs bioeffects. Three main areas of investigation have been covered: free radical generation and oxidative stress, apoptosis and genotoxicity, and cancer. After an introduction on SMF classification and medical applications, the basic phenomena to understand the bioeffects are described. The scientific literature is summarized, integrated, and critically analyzed with the help of authoritative reviews by recognized experts; international safety guidelines are also cited.

Hydroxyl radical generation and oxidative stress in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209)

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 993-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianchuan Xie ◽  
Yingxin Wu ◽  
Mengying Zhu ◽  
You-kuan Zhang ◽  
Xiaorong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Decabromodiphenyl Ether ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bde 209
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