scholarly journals Phytochemicals: Potential Therapeutic Modulators of Radiation Induced Signaling Pathways

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Bimal Prasad Jit ◽  
Biswajita Pradhan ◽  
Rutumbara Dash ◽  
Prajna Paramita Bhuyan ◽  
Chhandashree Behera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Different Doses

Ionizing radiation results in extensive damage to biological systems. The massive amount of ionizing radiation from nuclear accidents, radiation therapy (RT), space exploration, and the nuclear battlefield leads to damage to biological systems. Radiation injuries, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and atrophy, are characterized by genomic instability, apoptosis, necrosis, and oncogenic transformation, mediated by the activation or inhibition of specific signaling pathways. Exposure of tumors or normal cells to different doses of ionizing radiation could lead to the generation of free radical species, which can release signal mediators and lead to harmful effects. Although previous FDA-approved agents effectively mitigate radiation-associated toxicities, their use is limited due to their high cellular toxicities. Preclinical and clinical findings reveal that phytochemicals derived from plants that exhibit potent antioxidant activities efficiently target several signaling pathways. This review examined the prospective roles played by some phytochemicals in altering signal pathways associated with radiation response.

Membrane receptor signaling and control of DNA repair after exposure to ionizing radiation

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S26-S30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Toulany ◽  
H. P. Rodemann
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Molecular Targeting ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Erbb Signaling ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
And Control

SummaryAccumulated evidence indicates that activation of erbB family of receptors, when mutated or over-expressed, mediates chemoand radiotherapy resistance. In this context signaling pathways down-stream of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), when abnormally activated, invoke cell survival mechanisms, which leads to resistance against radiation. In several reports it has been demonstrated that molecular targeting of EGFR signaling enhances the cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy. The radiosensitizing effects of EGFR antagonists correlate with a suppression of the ability of tumor cells to repair radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DNA-DSBs) through non-homologous endjoining repair pathway (NHEJ).The purpose of this review is to highlight the function of EGFR and erbB2 receptors on signaling pathways, i. e. PI3K/Akt activated by ionizing radiation (IR) and involved in repair of DNA-DSB which can explain the radiosensitizing effects of related antagonists. Advances in understanding the mechanism of erbB-signaling in regulating DNA-DSB repair will promote translational approaches to test new strategies for clinically applicable molecular targeting.

scholarly journals Role of the ceramide-signaling pathways in ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis

Oncogene ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (54) ◽  
pp. 8645-8652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Vit ◽  
Filippo Rosselli
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Signaling Pathways Underpinning the Manifestations of Ionizing Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Hamada ◽  
Munetoshi Maeda ◽  
Kensuke Otsuka ◽  
Masanori Tomita
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Bystander Effects ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals Improved Killing of Human High-Grade Glioma Cells by Combining Ionizing Radiation with Oncolytic Parvovirus H-1 Infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Geletneky ◽  
Andreas D. Hartkopf ◽  
Robert Krempien ◽  
Jean Rommelaere ◽  
Joerg R. Schlehofer
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
S Phase ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Oncolytic Activity ◽  
Previous Irradiation ◽  
Different Doses

Purpose. To elucidate the influence of ionizing radiation (IR) on the oncolytic activity of Parvovirus H-1 (H-1PV) in human high-grade glioma cells.Methods. Short term cultures of human high-grade gliomas were irradiated at different doses and infected with H-1PV. Cell viability was assessed by determining relative numbers of surviving cells. Replication of H-1PV was measured by RT-PCR of viral RNA, fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis and the synthesis of infectious virus particles. To identify a possible mechanism for radiation induced change in the oncolytic activity of H-1PV we performed cell cycle analyses.Results. Previous irradiation rendered glioma cells fully permissive to H-1PV infection. Irradiation 24 hours prior to H-1PV infection led to increased cell killing most notably in radioresistant glioma cells. Intracellular levels of NS-1, the main effector of H-1PV induced cytotoxicity, were elevated after irradiation. S-phase levels were increased one day after irradiation improving S-phase dependent viral replication and cytotoxicity.Conclusion. This study demonstrates intact susceptibility of previously irradiated glioma-cells for H-1PV induced oncolysis. The combination of ionizing radiation followed by H-1PV infection increased viral cytotoxicity, especially in radioresistant gliomas. These findings support the ongoing development of a clinical trial of H-1PV in patients with recurrent glioblastomas.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic and expression markers of individual human radiosensitivity

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
С.А. Васильев ◽  
И.Н. Лебедев
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Individual Radiosensitivity ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Individual Human

Воздействие ионизирующего излучения вызывает значительные функциональные изменения в клетках человека, выражающиеся в активации различных сигнальных путей и транскрипционного ответа множества генов. Величина этих изменений вариабельна у разных индивидов, составляя феномен индивидуальной радиочувствительности. В обзоре рассматриваются известные маркеры индивидуальной радиочувствительности человека, начиная от цитогенетических, позволяющих непосредственно оценить эффективность репарации радиационно-индуцированных повреждений ДНК в клетках, до маркеров, выделенных на основании полногеномных и полнотранскриптомных исследований дифференциально экспрессирующихся генов, обусловливающих различные аспекты клеточного и организменного ответа на радиационное воздействие. Exposure to ionizing radiation causes significant functional changes in human cells which lead to activation of various signaling pathways and transcriptional response of many genes. The magnitude of these changes is variable for different individuals, making the phenomenon of individual radiosensitivity. In the review, markers of individual radiosensitivity are described ranging from cytogenetic markers for assessing the efficiency of DNA repair of radiation-induced damage in cells to genome- and transcriptome-wide approaches to identify differentially expressed genes that determine various aspects of response to radiation exposure.

scholarly journals The Role of Ionizing Radiation in Cellular Signaling Pathways, Mutagenesis, and Carcinogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
sakine rezaiekahkhaie ◽  
Khadije Rezaie Keikhaie
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Cellular Signaling ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Radiation Induced Bystander Effect ◽  
Ionizing Radiations

One of the negative effects of ionizing radiation is the alteration of cellular signaling pathways which lead to carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discussed the impacts of ionizing radiation on cells and cellular signaling pathways. In this regard, exposure to radiation can directly or indirectly alter cellular signaling pathways. Remarkably, irradiated cells release special mediators into cellular matrix, aberrating cell-cell and cell-environment interactions. Most notably, these mediators include nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell growth factors which contribute to cellular interactions between irradiated cells and their neighbor cells, a phenomenon known as radiation-induced bystander effect. DNA molecule is the most important cellular compartment damaged by ionizing radiation. On the other hand, the ability of irradiated cells to repair the damaged DNA is very low. Therefore, DNA alternations are passed to the next generations, and ultimately lead to carcinogenesis. The study of ionizing radiations and their impacts on biological systems is of remarkable importance to divulge their impacts on cellular signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Herbal Radioprotectors: A mini-review of the Current Status

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teena Haritwal ◽  
Mrinalini Tiwari ◽  
Paban Agrawala
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Radiation Research ◽  
Radioprotective Agent

Because of our increased dependency on the use of radiation in areas such as the food industry, agriculture, space exploration, diagnostics and treatment of various diseases including cancer, the possibilities of unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation have considerably increased. Hence, there is a need to develop an effective radioprotective agent that can protect against the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation. So far, many synthetic and natural substances studied for use as radioprotectors have failed to reach clinics. Natural compounds are becoming more popular in radiation research due to their low toxicity, higher efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Plants and herbs contain a plethora of bioactive compounds having antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulant properties which can act either in isolation or in combination to protect against the harmful effects of ionizing radiation This review mainly focuses on the radioprotective potential of various herbs and plants. The results obtained from various herbal extracts have shown protection against radiation-induced injuries in preclinical studies. This evaluation may help develop a potent radioprotector of desired efficacy.

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