scholarly journals Potential Application of Propolis Extracts to Control the Growth of Stemphylium vesicarium in “Rocha” Pear

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Loebler ◽  
Claudia Sánchez ◽  
Elisabete Muchagato Maurício ◽  
Eugénio Diogo ◽  
Mário Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Stemphylium Vesicarium ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease

Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) E. G. Simmons is the pathogen responsible of brown spot disease in pear and has become one of the main concerns for European pear producers. In Portugal, S. vesicarium is responsible for significant yield reduction and economic losses in “Rocha” pear (Pyrus communis L. cv Rocha) production. Considering the antimicrobial potential of propolis, the high incidence of brown spot in pears and the emergence of fungicides resistance in S. vesicarium, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of Portuguese propolis as an alternative strategy to control brown spot disease in “Rocha” pear. In vitro assays showed that propolis extracts were able to inhibit up to 90% the S. vesicarium mycelial growth. In vivo assays in artificially wounded and inoculated “Rocha” pears showed that, compared to the control, the disease incidence decreased up to 25% and the lesions diameter up to 57%, in fruits treated with propolis. Moreover, propolis seems to be more efficient in reducing the disease incidence when applied after pathogen inoculation (curative assay) than when applied before pathogen inoculation (prophylactic assay). Thus, the results suggest that propolis extracts have potential to be applied as part of an integrated approach for the control of brown spot of pear.

scholarly journals Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosep S. Mau ◽  
Antonius Ndiwa ◽  
Shirly Oematan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease

Abstract. Mau YS, Ndiwa ASS, Oematan SS. 2020. Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1625-1634. Brown spot is one of the most devastating diseases of rice, which could lead to total yield loss. The disease has a worldwide distribution, more specifically in areas where water supply is scarce, most specifically in the dry upland areas. Almost all stages of rice are affected by the disease, where leaves and grains are mostly affected. Considerable differences exist in susceptibility to brown spot among rice varieties, which may cause a large variation in yield loss caused by the disease. Therefore, the resistance level of rice varieties and their yield reduction has to be regularly evaluated and updated. There are only a few reports on the relationship between brown spot severity with yield and yield loss of upland rice, and is even lacking in pigmented upland rice. The objectives of the present study were to assess the brown spot severity and resistance level in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, and to elucidate their relationships with yield and yield reduction. Twenty four pigmented upland rice genotypes were evaluated in the field during May to October 2019, and their disease responses and yields were recorded. Disease severity was observed weekly and used to calculate Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) for comparison among the genotypes. The relationships between disease severity and AUDPC with yield and yield loss were also examined. The results showed significant variation in brown spot severity and AUDPC, ranging from, respectively, 11.11% to 40.70% and 398.42%-days to 1081.30%-days. Yields and yield losses of test genotypes also varied substantially. Yields under diseased-free and diseased plots ranged from, respectively, 2.34 t ha-1 to 6.13 t ha-1 and 1.68 t ha-1 to 3.74 t ha-1 while yield loss was between 10.46% and 56.15%. Six genotypes were moderately resistant, four genotypes were moderately susceptible and 14 genotypes were susceptible to brown spot. Neither disease severity nor AUDPC had a linear relationship with yield but both exhibited positive and linear relationships with yield loss.

STREP: a brown-spot disease predictor for scheduling fungicide sprays against Stemphylium vesicarium on pear

EPPO Bulletin ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Llorente ◽  
C. Moragrega ◽  
P. Vilardell ◽  
E. Montesinos
Keyword(s):  
Brown Spot ◽  
Stemphylium Vesicarium ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease

In vitro screening of rice germplasm for resistance to brown spot disease using phytotoxin

1985 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Ling ◽  
P. Vidhyaseharan ◽  
E. S. Borromeo ◽  
F. J. Zapata ◽  
T. W. Mew
Keyword(s):  
Brown Spot ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Brown Spot Disease

scholarly journals Alginate encapsulation of Trichoderma harzianum against brown spot disease on rice (Oryzae sativa) in vivo assays

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (S5) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
I.S. Mohd Anuar ◽  
K.A. Ku Sulong ◽  
H. Abdul Ghani ◽  
M.Z. Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Alginate Encapsulation ◽  
Brown Spot Disease ◽  
Rice Plantation

Bipolaris oryzae causes brown spot disease which is one of the most devastating diseases in rice. Nowadays, biological methods are effective controls which need to be developed in order to use less chemical control. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to characterize the B. oryzae as a biocontrol agent and to measure the performance of encapsulated T. harzianum in controlling brown spot disease. Bipolaris oryzae was characterized based on morphological characteristics and alginate encapsulation was produced from conidial suspension by adding sodium alginate and calcium chloride which results in small beads. Alginate formulation was applied to the rice seedling to find the result on this formulation. As a result, the application of encapsulation T. harzianum to control brown spot disease showed the inhibition of the disease. As a conclusion, this can be an alternative method to control brown spot disease which will render easier application to rice plantation in the future.

scholarly journals Effect of fungal endophytes of rice variety Ld 368 on growth and brown spot disease incidence of rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. N. Priyadarshani ◽  
◽  
N. Deshappriya ◽  
T. G. I. Sandamali ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Brown Spot Disease
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