scholarly journals An Inspection of IFC Models from Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2232
Author(s):  
Francesca Noardo ◽  
Ken Arroyo Ohori ◽  
Thomas Krijnen ◽  
Jantien Stoter
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Information ◽  
Automatic Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Open Standard ◽  
High Level

Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) is a complete, wide and complex open standard data model to represent Building Information Models. Big efforts are being made by the standardization organization buildingSMART, to develop and maintain this standard in collaboration with researchers, companies and institutions. However, when trying to use IFC models from practice for automatic analysis, some issues emerge, as a consequence of a misalignment between what is prescribed by, or available in, the standard with the data sets that are produced in practice. In this study, a sample of models produced by practitioners for aims different from their explicit use within automatic processing tools is inspected and analyzed. The aim is to find common patterns in data set from practice and their possible discrepancies with the standard, in order to find ways to address such discrepancies in a next step. In particular, it is noticeable that the overall quality of the models requires specific additional care by the modellers before relying on them for automatic analysis, and a high level of variability is present concerning the storage of some relevant information (such as georeferencing).

scholarly journals FINE REGISTRATION OF KILO-STATION NETWORKS - A MODERN PROCEDURE FOR TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING DATA SETS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
J.-F. Hullo
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Information Models ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fine Registration

We propose a complete methodology for the fine registration and referencing of kilo-station networks of terrestrial laser scanner data currently used for many valuable purposes such as 3D as-built reconstruction of Building Information Models (BIM) or industrial asbuilt mock-ups. This comprehensive target-based process aims to achieve the global tolerance below a few centimetres across a 3D network including more than 1,000 laser stations spread over 10 floors. This procedure is particularly valuable for 3D networks of indoor congested environments. In situ, the use of terrestrial laser scanners, the layout of the targets and the set-up of a topographic control network should comply with the expert methods specific to surveyors. Using parametric and reduced Gauss-Helmert models, the network is expressed as a set of functional constraints with a related stochastic model. During the post-processing phase inspired by geodesy methods, a robust cost function is minimised. At the scale of such a data set, the complexity of the 3D network is beyond comprehension. The surveyor, even an expert, must be supported, in his analysis, by digital and visual indicators. In addition to the standard indicators used for the adjustment methods, including Baarda’s reliability, we introduce spectral analysis tools of graph theory for identifying different types of errors or a lack of robustness of the system as well as <i>in fine</i> documenting the quality of the registration.

scholarly journals FINE REGISTRATION OF KILO-STATION NETWORKS - A MODERN PROCEDURE FOR TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING DATA SETS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
J.-F. Hullo
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Information Models ◽  
3D Network ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Fine Registration

We propose a complete methodology for the fine registration and referencing of kilo-station networks of terrestrial laser scanner data currently used for many valuable purposes such as 3D as-built reconstruction of Building Information Models (BIM) or industrial asbuilt mock-ups. This comprehensive target-based process aims to achieve the global tolerance below a few centimetres across a 3D network including more than 1,000 laser stations spread over 10 floors. This procedure is particularly valuable for 3D networks of indoor congested environments. In situ, the use of terrestrial laser scanners, the layout of the targets and the set-up of a topographic control network should comply with the expert methods specific to surveyors. Using parametric and reduced Gauss-Helmert models, the network is expressed as a set of functional constraints with a related stochastic model. During the post-processing phase inspired by geodesy methods, a robust cost function is minimised. At the scale of such a data set, the complexity of the 3D network is beyond comprehension. The surveyor, even an expert, must be supported, in his analysis, by digital and visual indicators. In addition to the standard indicators used for the adjustment methods, including Baarda’s reliability, we introduce spectral analysis tools of graph theory for identifying different types of errors or a lack of robustness of the system as well as &lt;i&gt;in fine&lt;/i&gt; documenting the quality of the registration.

scholarly journals BIM Interoperability Analyses in Structure Design

CivilEng ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-192
Author(s):  
Alcinia Zita Sampaio ◽  
Augusto Martins Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Efficient Level ◽  
Alternative Solutions

The building information modelling (BIM) methodology supports collaborative works, based on the centralization of all information in a federated BIM model and on an efficient level of interoperability between BIM-based platforms. Concerning the structure design, the interoperability capacity of the most used software presents limitations that must be identified and alternative solutions must be proposed. This study analyzes the process of transfer of structure models between modeling and structure analysis tools. Distinct building cases were performed in order to recognize the type of limitations verified in the transfer processes concerning two-way data flow between several software. The study involves the modeling software ArchiCAD 2020, Revit 2020, and AECOsim 2019 and the structure analyzes tools SAP 2020, Robot 2020, and ETABS 22020. The transfer processes are realized in two ways: using the native data format; using a universal standard data transfer, the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format. The level of maturity of BIM in structure design is still relatively low, caused essentially by interoperability problems, but despite the limitations detected, this study shows throughout the development of several building case, that the methodology has clear advantages in the development of the structure project.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SERVICES BY USING THE APPLICATIONS INSTRUMENTATION AND ACTIVITY DATA SET IN SMA NEGERI 1 METRO LESSON 2009/2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Agus Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Research Level ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
High Level

Abstract: Implementation of guidance and counseling services should be based on the needs and problems of students, so the effectiveness of the service will be achieved to the fullest. But the reality is a lot of implementation of guidance and counseling services in schools, do not notice it. So that the completion of the problems experienced by students sama.Berangkat always use the services of this, the research level of effectiveness of guidance and counseling that implementation has been using the application activity instrumentation and data sets as the basis for an implementation of the service. The method used is a qualitative research subjects that teachers BK and Students at SMA Negeri 1 Metro. Data collection technique through interview, observation and documentation. Research results show that by utilizing activity instrumentation applications and data sets, the counseling services have a high level of effectiveness. In carrying out the service, BK teachers can identify problems and needs experienced by students, so that the efforts of the assistance provided to be more precise, and problem students can terentaskan optimally.Keyword: Guidance and Counseling, Instrumentation Applications, Data Association

scholarly journals Data transfer between digital models of built assets and their operation & maintenance systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 469-481
Author(s):  
Kay Rogage ◽  
David Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Many ◽  
Transfer Of Information

The operation and maintenance of built assets is crucial for optimising their whole life cost and efficiency. Historically, however, there has been a general failure in the transfer information between the design-and-construct (D&C) and operate-and-maintain (O&M) phases of the asset lifecycle. The recent steady uptake of digital technologies, such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the D&C phase has been accompanied by an expectation that this would enable better transfer of information to those responsible for O&M. Progress has been slow, with practitioners being unsure as to how to incorporate BIM into their working practices. Three types of challenge are identified, related to communication, experience and technology. In examining the last aspect, it appears that a major problem has been that of interoperability between building information models and the many computer-aided facilities management (CAFM) systems in use. The successful and automatic transfer of information from a building model to an FM tool is, in theory, achievable through the medium of the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) schema. However, this relies upon the authoring of the model in terms of how well its structure permits the identification of relevant objects, their relationships and attributes. The testing of over 100 anonymised building models revealed that very few did; prohibiting their straightforward mapping to the maintenance database we had selected for the test. An alternative, hybrid approach was developed using an open-source software toolkit to identify objects by their geometry as well as their classification, thus enabling their automatic transfer. In some cases, manual transfer proved necessary. The implications are that while these problems can be overcome on a case-by-case basis, interoperability between D&C and O&M systems will not become standard until it is accommodated by appropriate and informed authoring of building models.

Managing Real-Time Information Within BIM-Based Processes for Assessing Building Behaviours in Operation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Daniela Pasini ◽  
Angelo Luigi Camillo Ciribini ◽  
Bruno Daniotti
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Physical Assets ◽  
Real Time Information

Considering the remarkable shift that the digitalisation is nowadays bringing about in the building sector, the paper focuses on how the great amount of data collected around assets is changing the way buildings are operated, particularly for what concerns innovation on products, processes and technologies. By establishing a connection between as-designed virtual models and as-delivered physical assets, the paper presents methods and tools based on information management and developed for assessing building behaviours in operation and for defining control strategies for satisfying user needs. The research aims to investigate how the building process could benefit from the availability of multi-faceted information collected in real time (e.g. through sensors) during the operational stages of buildings. Digitally-enabled practices and technologies have been developed and tested for improving a data-driven asset management, by enriching Building Information Models through data gathered through Building Management Systems, according to the Industry Foundation Classes schema.

scholarly journals An openBIM Approach to IoT Integration with Incomplete As-Built Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8287
Author(s):  
Nicola Moretti ◽  
Xiang Xie ◽  
Jorge Merino ◽  
Justas Brazauskas ◽  
Ajith Kumar Parlikad
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
Semantic Data ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Building Life Cycle ◽  
Asset Data

Digital Twins (DT) are powerful tools to support asset managers in the operation and maintenance of cognitive buildings. Building Information Models (BIM) are critical for Asset Management (AM), especially when used in conjunction with Internet of Things (IoT) and other asset data collected throughout a building’s lifecycle. However, information contained within BIM models is usually outdated, inaccurate, and incomplete as a result of unclear geometric and semantic data modelling procedures during the building life cycle. The aim of this paper is to develop an openBIM methodology to support dynamic AM applications with limited as-built information availability. The workflow is based on the use of the IfcSharedFacilitiesElements schema for processing the geometric and semantic information of both existing and newly created Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) objects, supporting real-time data integration. The methodology is validated using the West Cambridge DT Research Facility data, demonstrating good potential in supporting an asset anomaly detection application. The proposed workflow increases the automation of the digital AM processes, thanks to the adoption of BIM-IoT integration tools and methods within the context of the development of a building DT.

scholarly journals British Iron Age Diet: Stable Isotopes and Other Evidence

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 169-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Jay ◽  
Michael P. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Isotopic Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Middle Iron Age ◽  
The Uk ◽  
New Research ◽  
High Level

This paper presents the results of new research into British Iron Age diet. Specifically, it summarises the existing evidence and compares this with new evidence obtained from stable isotope analysis. The isotope data come from both humans and animals from ten British middle Iron Age sites, from four locations in East Yorkshire, East Lothian, Hampshire, and Cornwall. These represent the only significant data-set of comparative humans (n = 138) and animals (n = 212) for this period currently available for the UK. They are discussed here alongside other evidence for diet during the middle Iron Age in Britain. In particular, the question of whether fish, or other aquatic foods, were a major dietary resource during this period is examined.The isotopic data suggest similar dietary protein consumption patterns across the groups, both within local populations and between them, although outliers do exist which may indicate mobile individuals moving into the sites. The diet generally includes a high level of animal protein, with little indication of the use of marine resources at any isotopically distinguishable level, even when the sites are situated directly on the coast. The nitrogen isotopic values also indicate absolute variation across these locations which is indicative of environmental background differences rather than differential consumption patterns and this is discussed in the context of the difficulty of interpreting isotopic data without a complete understanding of the ‘baseline’ values for any particular time and place. This reinforces the need for significant numbers of contemporaneous animals to be analysed from the same locations when interpreting human data-sets.

scholarly journals Improving FM task efficiency through BIM: a proposal for BIM implementation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Carbonari ◽  
Spyridon Stravoravdis ◽  
Christine Gausden
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Approach ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industry Foundation Classes ◽  
Building Management ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Operational Phase ◽  
Task Efficiency

Purpose The purpose of the presented research is to investigate which tasks among the ones performed during a buildings’ operational phase are perceived to be more inefficient and to investigate if the information within a building information model (BIM) can help improve task efficiency. Design/methodology/approach The Digital Built Britain (BIM Level 3) aims to extend BIM into operation by promoting a life cycle approach for buildings through an integrated digital environment. Nevertheless, the main focus of both BIM Level 2 and Level 3 is mainly on design, construction and hand over; therefore, the current understanding and use of BIM for a buildings’ occupancy phase is still limited. Current literature and research focusing on BIM and building management show only marginal use of the technology, especially in terms of how BIM can be used beside for maintenance. Findings The paper presents the results of an online questionnaire survey aimed to ascertain the level of perceived inefficiencies of operational tasks. Through the analysis of Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) data models, the research identifies the data set needed to improve the efficiency of the tasks and presents a structured implementation plan to identify the information that should be prioritized in the model implementation. Originality/value The study presents part of a methodology developed by the author aimed to implement a BIM model for existing buildings including information that would support the management of the single facility/portfolio. While other studies have considered BIM and the operational phase, especially in relation to asset maintenance, this study has focused on understanding how the information included in the model can improve task efficiency.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document