scholarly journals Orally Administered Activated Charcoal as a Medical Countermeasure for Acute Radiation Syndrome in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3174
Author(s):  
Elisaveta Snezhkova ◽  
Natalia Rodionova ◽  
Dennis Bilko ◽  
Joaquin Silvestre-Albero ◽  
Alexey Sydorenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Superoxide Ion ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Positive Results

Activated charcoal (AC) can be taken orally as enterosorbent for treatment of pathological states related to exogenous and endogenous intoxications. Synthesized granulated AC with a highly developed active surface (SBET ~2700 m2/g) was used as a medical countermeasure (MCM) to acute radiation sickness (ARS) in rats after total body X-ray irradiation. AC demonstrates positive results in ARS treatment, as expressed in, (i) a decrease in body weight loss, (ii) a protection of bone marrow (BM) cells colony formation capacity, (iii) a reduction of BM chromosomal aberrations and small intestine and spleen tissue damage, (iv) an amelioration of white blood cell count, and (v) a mitigation of superoxide ion generation rate in the liver. AC oral prescription seems to be perspective modality of ARS treatment.

scholarly journals Characterization of changes in total body composition for patients with head and neck cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Head & Neck ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
William Jackson ◽  
Neil Alexander ◽  
Matthew Schipper ◽  
Lorraine Fig ◽  
Felix Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Body Composition ◽  
Total Body

Carcinogenesis and ageing — VII. Carcinogenic effect of single total-body X-ray irradiation in young and old female rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Anisimov ◽  
E.A. Prokudina
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Carcinogenic Effect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Body

Accuracy of Measurements of Total-Body Soft-Tissue Composition by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Vivo

1993 ◽  
pp. 381-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Lander Svendsen ◽  
Jens Haarbo ◽  
Christian Hassager ◽  
Claus Christriansen
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Soft Tissue Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Total body irradiation induced mouse small intestine senescence as a late effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Junling Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Han ◽  
Saijun Fan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Total Body Irradiation ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Radiation can induce senescence in many organs and tissues; however, it is still unclear how radiation stimulates senescence in mouse small intestine. In this study, we use the bone marrow transplantation mouse model to explore the late effects of total body irradiation on small intestine. Our results showed that almost all of the body hairs of the irradiated mice were white (which is an indication of aging) 10 months after the exposure to radiation. Furthermore, compared with the age-matched control mice, there were more SA-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)–positive cells and an upregulation of p16 and p21 in 8 Gy–irradiated mice intestinal crypts, indicating that radiation induced senescence in the small intestine. Intestinal bacterial flora profile analysis showed that the diversity of the intestinal bacterial flora decreased in irradiated mice; in addition it showed that the principal components of the irradiated and control mice differed: there was increased abundance of Bacteroidia and a decreased abundance of Clostridia in irradiated mice. To explore the underlying mechanism, an RNA-sequence was executed; the results suggested that pancreatic secretion, and the digestion and absorption of proteins, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins were damaged in irradiated mice, which may be responsible for the body weight loss observed in irradiated mice. In summary, our study suggested that total body irradiation may induce senescence in the small intestine and damage the health status of the irradiated mice.

Comparisons between a pencil beam and two fan beam dual energy X-ray absorptiometers used for measuring total body bone and soft tissue

2001 ◽  
Vol 74 (878) ◽  
pp. 166-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Tothill ◽  
W J Hannan ◽  
S Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Pencil Beam ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Bone

scholarly journals Sodium loading, treadmill walking, and the acute redistribution of bone mineral content on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (1) ◽  
pp. R59-R67
Author(s):  
Tamara Hew-Butler ◽  
Kailyn Angelakos ◽  
Joshua Szczepanski
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Intervention Trial ◽  
Dxa Scan ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Body

The purpose of this study was to assess relationships between plasma sodium concentration ([Na+]) and bone mineral content (BMC) after an acute sodium load plus treadmill walking and then quantify the amount of sodium the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan could detect. The primary study was a single-blind randomized control crossover trial under two conditions: ingestion of six flour tablets (placebo trial) or six 1-g NaCl tablets (salt intervention trial). The tablets were ingested after baseline blood and urine collection followed immediately by the DXA scan. After 60 min of rest, a 45-min treadmill walk was conducted. Immediately postexercise, blood and urine were collected and the DXA scan was repeated. Main outcomes included changes (∆: post minus pre) in plasma [Na+] and BMC. Additionally, six 1-g NaCl tablets were superimposed over a DXA spine phantom for separate quantification of sodium as BMC. Fourteen subjects completed the primary study. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA tests revealed significant interaction ( F = 13.06; P = 0.0007), condition ( F = 21.88; P < 0.001), and time ( F = 6.51; P = 0.014) effects in plasma [Na+]. A significant condition ( F = 6.46; P = 0.014) effect was also noted in urine [Na+]. Total body BMC∆ was negatively correlated with plasma [Na+]∆ ( r = −0.43; P = 0.02) and urine [Na+]∆ ( r = −0.47; P = 0.01). Total body BMC∆ in the salt intervention trial [−5.5 (27) g] closely approximated the amount of NaCl ingested and subsequently absorbed into the bloodstream. The DXA scan quantified 67% of NaCl tablets as BMC in spine phantom analyses. Total body BMC∆ was negatively related to plasma and urine [Na+]∆ after treadmill walking. Reductions in total body BMC closely approximated the amount of NaCl ingested (~6 g). The DXA scan quantified NaCl as BMC.

A total body phantom for use with lunar dual-energy X-ray absorptiometers

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 525-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Oldroyd ◽  
R. Milner ◽  
A.H. Smith ◽  
M.A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Creatine (methyl-d3) dilution in urine for estimation of total body skeletal muscle mass: accuracy and variability vs. MRI and DXA

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard V. Clark ◽  
Ann C. Walker ◽  
Ram R. Miller ◽  
Robin L. O’Connor-Semmes ◽  
Eric Ravussin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Spot Urine Sample ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Total Body

A noninvasive method to estimate muscle mass based on creatine ( methyl-d3) (D3-creatine) dilution using fasting morning urine was evaluated for accuracy and variability over a 3- to 4-mo period. Healthy older (67- to 80-yr-old) subjects ( n = 14) with muscle wasting secondary to aging and four patients with chronic disease (58–76 yr old) fasted overnight and then received an oral 30-mg dose of D3-creatine at 8 AM ( day 1). Urine was collected during 4 h of continued fasting and then at consecutive 4- to 8-h intervals through day 5. Assessment was repeated 3–4 mo later in 13 healthy subjects and 1 patient with congestive heart failure. Deuterated and unlabeled creatine and creatinine were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Total body creatine pool size and muscle mass were calculated from D3-creatinine enrichment in urine. Muscle mass was also measured by whole body MRI and 24-h urine creatinine, and lean body mass (LBM) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). D3-creatinine urinary enrichment from day 5 provided muscle mass estimates that correlated with MRI for all subjects ( r = 0.88, P < 0.0001), with less bias [difference from MRI = −3.00 ± 2.75 (SD) kg] than total LBM assessment by DXA, which overestimated muscle mass vs. MRI (+22.5 ± 3.7 kg). However, intraindividual variability was high with the D3-creatine dilution method, with intrasubject SD for estimated muscle mass of 2.5 kg vs. MRI (0.5 kg) and DXA (0.8 kg). This study supports further clinical validation of the D3-creatine method for estimating muscle mass. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Measurement of creatine ( methyl-d3) (D3-creatine) and D3-creatinine excretion in fasted morning urine samples may be a simple, less costly alternative to MRI or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to calculate total body muscle mass. The D3-creatine enrichment method provides estimates of muscle mass that correlate well with MRI, and with less bias than DXA. However, intraindividual variability is high with the D3-creatine method. Studies to refine the spot urine sample method for estimation of muscle mass may be warranted.

scholarly journals TOTAL BODY BONE MINERAL CONTENT (TBBMC) IN PRETERM INFANTS AT BIRTH USING DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY (DEXA). 1856

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 312-312
Author(s):  
Renu Jain ◽  
Thomas F Myers ◽  
W. Patrick Zeller ◽  
Robert Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Total Body Bone Mineral ◽  
Body Bone

scholarly journals SUN-543 Real World Evidence of Successful Weight Management for the Obese Population: Complete Reversal of Obesity Related Metabolic Co-Morbidities and Weight Loss in Patients Attending a Multidisciplinary Weight Management Clinic in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Rock ◽  
Juliana Chen ◽  
Joanna Jaques ◽  
Bernard L Champion ◽  
Reginald V Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Total Body Weight Loss

Abstract Over 2.5 billion people worldwide are overweight or obese. Multidisciplinary weight management interventions have evolved to address the complexity of weight loss for those with one or more chronic diseases, and the trend of weight regain. The aim of these interventions is to encourage sustainable lifestyle changes, resulting in weight loss and weight maintenance and improvements in comorbidities. While some prospective clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy, results are often not reported by real life practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Sydney based multidisciplinary weight management clinic with endocrinology, dietetics, exercise physiology, psychology, and bariatric surgical domains. All patients who attended the clinic for weight loss purposes between March 2017 and April 2019 were included (n=220). A retrospective chart review was conducted. Patient data on weight, BMI, waist circumference, body composition measurements, and selected blood test results and co-morbidities were analysed. All patient therapy included endocrinological input for co-morbidity identification and management, lifestyle intervention (dietetic and exercise physiology input) with optional adjunct pharmacotherapy or psychological counselling. Of the 220 cohort, 20 of the patients had sleeve gastrectomy. Patient retention in the clinic after the first consultation was 85% (n=186), a high rate within the weight management community. 59% of patients achieved a minimum of 5% total body weight loss, including 18% who achieved greater than 10% total body weight loss. Additionally, 31% of patients lost enough weight to decrease their BMI class by up to 2 or more classes. Of the gastric sleeve cohort average excess body weight loss was 32kg (21-56kg) enhanced by multidisciplinary care in the lead up to surgery. Across the cohort some patients completely reversed co-morbidities; including dyslipidaemia (n=1), hypertension (n=3), NAFLD (n=1), pre-diabetes (n=8) and type 2 diabetes (n=3), OSA (n=1). These results demonstrate that obesity is a chronic condition that can be successfully managed. We have demonstrated significant durable weight loss and improvement in metabolic co-morbidities with holistic coordinated care. Future directions include translating this model of care into standard practice in Australia and other countries where obesity to date not received the same coordinated approach as other chronic conditions.

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