scholarly journals Influences of Organic Volatile Compounds on the Secondary Organic Carbon of Fine Particulate Matter in the Fruit Tree Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 8193
Author(s):  
Myoungki Song ◽  
Minwook Kim ◽  
Sea-Ho Oh ◽  
Chaehyeong Park ◽  
Moonsu Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Agricultural Chemicals ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Secondary Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Three combined investigations were conducted to examine the sources of PM2.5 in agricultural areas. The first was the measurement of PM2.5 and gaseous compounds in the greenhouse, which is a relatively closed system, while the second was the analysis of pesticide components used in agricultural areas. Finally, the physical and chemical properties of PM2.5 were analyzed in an orchard area and compared with the results of the greenhouse and agricultural chemical analyses. As a result, this research was able to confirm the source of emission and characteristics of PM2.5 originating from the agricultural area. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in agricultural areas are emitted by agricultural chemicals, and the discharged agricultural chemicals are first absorbed into the soil, and then released into the air by evaporation. Finally, the secondary products of PM2.5 in agricultural areas were estimated to have positive relationships with the VOCs from agricultural chemicals, and NH3 from fertilizers. The photochemical reactions of VOCs and NH3 were responsible for the impact on secondary products.

scholarly journals Treated wastewater irrigation effects on soil hydraulic conductivity and aggregate stability of loamy soils in Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Schacht ◽  
Bernd Marschner
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Irrigation Effects ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The use of treated wastewater (TWW) for agricultural irrigation becomes increasingly important in water stressed regions like the Middle East for substituting fresh water (FW) resources. Due to elevated salt concentrations and organic compounds in TWW this practice has potential adverse effects on soil quality, such as the reduction of hydraulic conductivity (HC) and soil aggregate stability (SAS). To assess the impact of TWW irrigation in comparison to FW irrigation on HC, in-situ infiltration measurements using mini disk infiltrometer were deployed in four different long-term experimental orchard test sites in Israel. Topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected for analyzing SAS and determination of selected soil chemical and physical characteristics. The mean HC values decreased at all TWW sites by 42.9% up to 50.8% compared to FW sites. The SAS was 11.3% to 32.4% lower at all TWW sites. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were generally higher at TWW sites. These results indicate the use of TWW for irrigation is a viable, but potentially deleterious option, as it influences soil physical and chemical properties.

scholarly journals Templated quasicrystalline ordering of single elements and molecules

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C81-C81
Author(s):  
H. R. Sharma ◽  
J. A. Smerdon ◽  
K. Nozawa ◽  
K. M. Young ◽  
T. P. Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Quantum Size ◽  
Adsorption Energies ◽  
Molecular Layers ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

We have used quasicrystals as templates for the exploration of new epitaxial phenomena. Several interesting results have been observed in the growth on surfaces of the common Al-based quasicrystals [1]. These include pseudomorphic monolayers, quasiperiodically modulated multilayer structures, and fivefold-twinned islands with magic heights influenced by quantum size effects [1]. Here we present our recent works on the growth of various elements and molecules on a new substrate, icosahedral (i) Ag-In-Yb quasicrystal, which have resulted in various epitaxial phenomena not observed previously. The growth of Pb on the five-fold surface of i-Ag-In-Yb yields a film which possesses quasicrystalline ordering in three-dimension [2]. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and DFT calculations of adsorption energies, we find that lead atoms occupy the positions of atoms in the rhombic triacontahedral (RTH) cluster, the building block of the substrate, and thus grow in layers with different heights and adsorption energies. The adlayer–adlayer interaction is crucial for stabilizing the epitaxial quasicrystalline structure. We will also present the first example of quasicrystalline molecular layers. Pentacene adsorbs at tenfold-symmetric sites of Yb atoms around surface-bisected RTH clusters, yielding quasicrystalline order [3]. Similarly, C-60 growth on the five-fold surface of i-Al-Cu-Fe at elevated temperature produces quasicrystalline layer, where the growth is mediated by Fe atoms on the substrate surface [3]. The finding of quasicrystalline thin films of single elements and molecules opens an avenue for further investigation of the impact of the aperiodic atomic order over periodic order on the physical and chemical properties of materials.

Transportation pathways of pesticides in two major watersheds of Istanbul, Turkey

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yazgan ◽  
A. Tanik
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Consumption Values ◽  
Annual Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The study covers the investigation of pesticides in terms of consumption, toxicological classification and various intrinsic physical and chemical properties like DT50, KOC, GUS, solubility that describe the important mechanisms prevailing in soil, namely persistence and mobility. These mechanisms help to estimate the transportation pathways of pesticides on soil till they reach the receiving water after being applied on land. Classification is done in three groups, those likely to appear in surface flow, those that appear in groundwater and those that present transient conditions. Such an approach that also takes into account toxicological levels and annual consumption values of pesticides will act as a tool to prepare the priority list of pesticides that need special care during their transportation. The fate of pesticides is a difficult task to solve, however, such a methodology, puts forth a rough estimate on their behavior in spite of uncertainties in many of the parameters describing mechanisms like persistence and mobility. The agricultural areas of two watersheds of Istanbul are selected as target areas to describe the approach, which is also checked with another approach estimating pesticide pollution potential that considers various other properties of pesticides. Almost similar findings are depicted with 85% proximity. The methodology presented in the paper illustrates and emphasizes the significant role of pesticide properties in determining their fate in soil after being applied.

scholarly journals The Interstellar Medium of Dwarf Galaxies

Galaxies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Christian Henkel ◽  
Leslie K. Hunt ◽  
Yuri I. Izotov
Keyword(s):  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Dwarf Galaxies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Ionized Gas ◽  
Green Pea ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Universe ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Dwarf galaxies are by far the most numerous galaxies in the Universe, showing properties that are quite different from those of their larger and more luminous cousins. This review focuses on the physical and chemical properties of the interstellar medium of those dwarfs that are known to host significant amounts of gas and dust. The neutral and ionized gas components and the impact of the dust will be discussed, as well as first indications for the existence of active nuclei in these sources. Cosmological implications are also addressed, considering the primordial helium abundance and the similarity of local Green Pea galaxies with young, sometimes protogalactic sources in the early Universe.

scholarly journals An Overview of Dynamic Heterogeneous Oxidations in the Troposphere

Environments ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Pillar-Little ◽  
Marcelo Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Due to the adverse effect of atmospheric aerosols on public health and their ability to affect climate, extensive research has been undertaken in recent decades to understand their sources and sinks, as well as to study their physical and chemical properties. Atmospheric aerosols are important players in the Earth’s radiative budget, affecting incoming and outgoing solar radiation through absorption and scattering by direct and indirect means. While the cooling properties of pure inorganic aerosols are relatively well understood, the impact of organic aerosols on the radiative budget is unclear. Additionally, organic aerosols are transformed through chemical reactions during atmospheric transport. The resulting complex mixture of organic aerosol has variable physical and chemical properties that contribute further to the uncertainty of these species modifying the radiative budget. Correlations between oxidative processing and increased absorptivity, hygroscopicity, and cloud condensation nuclei activity have been observed, but the mechanisms behind these phenomena have remained unexplored. Herein, we review environmentally relevant heterogeneous mechanisms occurring on interfaces that contribute to the processing of aerosols. Recent laboratory studies exploring processes at the aerosol–air interface are highlighted as capable of generating the complexity observed in the environment. Furthermore, a variety of laboratory methods developed specifically to study these processes under environmentally relevant conditions are introduced. Remarkably, the heterogeneous mechanisms presented might neither be feasible in the gas phase nor in the bulk particle phase of aerosols at the fast rates enabled on interfaces. In conclusion, these surface mechanisms are important to better understand how organic aerosols are transformed in the atmosphere affecting the environment.

Comparison of earthworm populations in arable and grassland fields in the Outer Western Carpathians, South Poland

Biologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Józefowska ◽  
Anna Miechówka ◽  
Jan Frouz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Outer Western Carpathians ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Type Of Land Use ◽  
Earthworm Biomass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Earthworm Populations

AbstractThe impact of different geographical regions (Silesian Foothills, region 1 and Maly Beskids, region 2), and method of soil use (arable field and grassland) on the main soil properties and biological activity was studied. Earthworm biomass, density and diversity, as well as dehydrogenase activity, were analysed. Significant soil physical and chemical properties were more affected by regions, whereas the type of land use had a greater impact on the biological properties. The mean earthworm density was 213 ind. m

Adding Ash Methane Oxidation in Landfill Cover Soil Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 4205-4208
Author(s):  
Yan Li Wu ◽  
Qing Feng Zhang ◽  
Ran Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Xiao Ming Mao ◽  
Xin Hua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Behavior ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Landfill Cover Soil ◽  
Landfill Cover ◽  
Cover Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

In the past ten years, methane has a greenhouse gas, and its concentration increases by 1% per year, while an estimated worldwide annual landfill cover soil surface from escaping methane is about 20 to 70 Mtpa. Microbial methane oxidation can be carried out about 80% of global consumption of methane, the soil microbial methane oxidation can reduce methane escaping from the soil to the atmosphere. Both in domestic and foreign ash recycling in landfill cover soil behavior has performed for many years, but there is a review of domestic and foreign literature ash, mostly looks at the aspects of physical and chemical properties and heavy metals, there is no assessment of the casing methane oxidation impact. This paper mainly urban incinerator ash as a research object, and after a landfill cover soil mined to study experimentally analyze the impact of ash added methane oxidation right.

scholarly journals MgO Refractory Doped with ZrO2 Nanoparticles: Influence of Cold Isostatic and Uniaxial Pressing and Sintering Temperature in the Physical and Chemical Properties

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Gómez-Rodríguez ◽  
Daniel Fernández-González ◽  
Linda Viviana García-Quiñonez ◽  
Guadalupe Alan Castillo-Rodríguez ◽  
Josué Amilcar Aguilar-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Furnace Lining ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The chemical environment and the internal conditions of the furnaces and ladles are extremely aggressive for the refractories, so metallurgical industries demand refractory linings with greater durability and resistance to avoid unforeseen stoppages and to reduce the changes of the furnace lining. Therefore, the current work aims to evaluate the impact of the additions of ZrO2-nanoparticles (1, 3, and 5 wt. %) in magnesia-based bricks. A comparative study of the physical and chemical properties in bricks obtained using two cold pressing techniques (uniaxial and isostatic pressing) and two sintering temperatures (1550 and 1650 °C) was carried out. The microstructure and crystalline phase characteristics obtained after the heat treatments and the slag corrosion test was studied using scanning electron microscopy/electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results reveal that the sample with 5 wt. % of ZrO2 nanoparticles (obtained by cold isostatic pressing and sintering at 1650 °C) has the lowest porosity and greatest resistance to penetration of blast furnace slag.

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