scholarly journals Improving Accuracy and Reliability of Bluetooth Low-Energy-Based Localization Systems Using Proximity Sensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Kolakowski
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Living ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Hybrid Positioning ◽  
Improving Accuracy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Localization Systems

One of the functionalities which are desired in Ambient and Assisted Living systems is accurate user localization at their living place. One of the best-suited solutions for this purpose from the cost and energy efficiency points of view are Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-based localization systems. Unfortunately, their localization accuracy is typically around several meters and might not be sufficient for detection of abnormal situations in elderly persons behavior. In this paper, a concept of a hybrid positioning system combining typical BLE-based infrastructure and proximity sensors is presented. The proximity sensors act a supporting role by additionally covering vital places, where higher localization accuracy is needed. The results from both parts are fused using two types of hybrid algorithms. The paper contains results of simulation and experimental studies. During the experiment, an exemplary proximity sensor VL53L1X has been tested and its basic properties modeled for use in the proposed algorithms. The results of the study have shown that employing proximity sensors can significantly improve localization accuracy in places of interest.

Improving Accuracy for Range-Based Localization in Multiple Target Wireless Sensor Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Oscar Rodríguez ◽  
Tomoaki Ohtsuki
Keyword(s):  
Location Estimation ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Multiple Target ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Localization Algorithms ◽  
Improving Accuracy ◽  
Localization Systems

We introduce a system for multiple target range-based localization systems, such as those based on time-of-arrival (TOA) and received signal strength indicator (RSSI) for distance measurement estimations. In order to improve the accuracy of the location estimation for all target nodes, our system makes use of distance estimations between target nodes as well as between anchor and target nodes, and weights for all nodes. We propose variations on two popular localization algorithms and compare their accuracy against that of the conventional algorithms using simulations and experiments. Our results show that our proposal consistently offers a better localization accuracy than the conventional algorithms.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Implications of Varying Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Transmission Power Levels on Wireless Indoor Localization Accuracy and Precision

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 3282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umair Mujtaba Qureshi ◽  
Zuneera Umair ◽  
Gerhard Petrus Hancke
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Transmission Power ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Localization Model ◽  
Localization Precision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wireless Indoor Localization

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) based Wireless Indoor Localization System (WILS) with high localization accuracy and high localization precision is a key requirement in enabling the Internet of Things (IoT) in today’s applications. In this paper, we investigated the effect of BLE signal variations on indoor localization caused by the change in BLE transmission power levels. This issue is not often discussed as most of the works on localization algorithms use the highest power levels but has important practical implications for energy efficiency, e.g., if a designer would like to trade-off localization performance and node lifetime. To analyze the impact, we used the established trilateration based localization model with two methods i.e., Centroid Approximation (CA) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE). We observed that trilateration based localization with MMSE method outperforms the CA method. We further investigated the use of two filters i.e., Low Pass Filter (LPF) and Kalman Filter (KF) and evaluated their effects in terms of mitigating the random variations from BLE signal. In comparison to non-filter based approach, we observed a great improvement in localization accuracy and localization precision with a filter-based approach. Furthermore, in comparison to LPF based trilateration localization with CA, the performance of a KF based trilateration localization with MMSE is far better. An average of 1 m improvement in localization accuracy and approximately 50% improvement in localization precision is observed by using KF in trilateration based localization model with the MMSE method. In conclusion, with KF in trilateration based localization model with MMSE method effectively eliminates random variations in BLE RSS with multiple transmission power levels and thus results in a BLE based WILS with high accuracy and high precision.

scholarly journals Indoor localization systems for retail stores

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Βασίλειος Σταύρου
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Localization Systems

Η συμπεριφορά του καταναλωτή μέσα στο κατάστημα αποτελεί ερευνητική περιοχή ενδιαφέροντος για περισσότερα από 60 χρόνια με στόχο να εντοπίσει διάφορα μοτίβα που μπορούν να προσφέρουν αξία. Η κατανόηση της συμπεριφοράς του καταναλωτή μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε σημαντικές πληροφορίες για τους λιανέμπορους και να ενισχύσει την εμπειρία των καταναλωτών μέσα στο κατάστημα. Παρά τη δημοτικότητα της Χωρικής Αναλυτικής και των υπηρεσιών βάσει τοποθεσίας, και οι δύο αντιμετωπίζουν ένα κοινό πρόβλημα, την ακρίβεια του μηχανισμού εντοπισμού που χρησιμοποιούν. Για την αντιμετώπιση των ερευνητικών ερωτημάτων της παρούσας διατριβής, (α) υιοθετούμε ως μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση το μοντέλο Design Science, (β) αναπτύσσουμε ένα σύστημα εντοπισμού θέσης για εσωτερικά περιβάλλοντα και (γ) υιοθετούμε μια προσέγγιση μηχανικής μάθησης που εκτελεί εντοπισμό θέσης. Συνοπτικά, σχεδιάζουμε και αναπτύσσουμε ένα σύστημα που παράγει και επεξεργάζεται δεδομένα σήματος και αναπτύσσουμε μια προσέγγιση μηχανικής μάθησης για τον εντοπισμό θέσης που μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί σε χωροχρονικά δεδομένα από συσκευές Διαδικτύου των Πραγμάτων (IoT). Αξιολογούμε δύο διαφορετικές ασύρματες τεχνολογίες ((α) Wi-Fi και (β) Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons) και εφαρμόζουμε τεχνικές τεχνητής νοημοσύνης για την αντιμετώπιση των ερευνητικών ερωτημάτων. Επιπλέον, για την αντιμετώπιση των ερευνητικών ζητημάτων προτείνουμε ένα artifact συστήματος το οποίο είναι υπεύθυνο για τη δημιουργία, την καταγραφή και την επεξεργασία των δεδομένων για τον εντοπισμό θέσης σε εσωτερικά περιβάλλοντα. Το αποτέλεσμα της προτεινόμενης προσέγγισης είναι η θέση του χρήστη της ασύρματης υποδομής μέσα στο κατάστημα. Εφαρμόζουμε αυτήν την προσέγγιση σε δύο διαφορετικές περιπτώσεις. Η πρώτη περίπτωση αφορά την τεχνολογία BLE Beacons, ενώ η δεύτερη αφορά τεχνολογία Wi-Fi. Στη συνέχεια αξιολογούμε τα ευρήματα χρησιμοποιώντας τεχνική αποτίμηση της επίδοσης της και επίσης εξετάζουμε την επιχειρηματική ερμηνεία των αποτελεσμάτων. Για το σκοπό αυτό, αξιοποιούμε την αξιολόγηση βάσει δεδομένων και την αξιολόγηση βάσει χρηστών, προκειμένου να αξιολογήσουμε τα αποτελέσματα της προσέγγισης εντοπισμού θέσης. Τέλος, παραθέτουμε μια σειρά πρακτικές εφαρμογές με βάση τη διάσταση της θέσης.

scholarly journals Indoor Positioning for Monitoring Older Adults at Home: Wi-Fi and BLE Technologies in Real Scenarios

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Montoliu ◽  
Emilio Sansano ◽  
Arturo Gascó ◽  
Oscar Belmonte ◽  
Antonio Caballer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Real Case ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Localization System ◽  
Localization Systems ◽  
At Home

This paper presents our experience on a real case of applying an indoor localization system for monitoring older adults in their own homes. Since the system is designed to be used by real users, there are many situations that cannot be controlled by system developers and can be a source of errors. This paper presents some of the problems that arise when real non-expert users use localization systems and discusses some strategies to deal with such situations. Two technologies were tested to provide indoor localization: Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Low Energy. The results shown in the paper suggest that the Bluetooth Low Energy based one is preferable in the proposed task.

scholarly journals Classroom Attendance Systems Based on Bluetooth Low Energy Indoor Positioning Technology for Smart Campus

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apiruk Puckdeevongs ◽  
N. K. Tripathi ◽  
Apichon Witayangkurn ◽  
Poompat Saengudomlert
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Signal Interference ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Student Attendance ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Indoor Scenarios

Student attendance during classroom hours is important, because it impacts the academic performance of students. Consequently, several universities impose a minimum attendance percentage criterion for students to be allowed to attend examinations; therefore, recording student attendance is a vital task. Conventional methods for recording student attendance in the classroom, such as roll-call and sign-in, are an inefficient use of instruction time and only increase teachers’ workloads. In this study, we propose a Bluetooth Low Energy-based student positioning framework for automatically recording student attendance in classrooms. The proposed architecture consists of two components, an indoor positioning framework within the classroom and student attendance registration. Experimental studies using our method show that the Received Signal Strength Indicator fingerprinting technique that is used in indoor scenarios can achieve satisfactory positioning accuracy, even in a classroom environment with typically high signal interference. We intentionally focused on designing a basic system with simple indoor devices based on ubiquitous Bluetooth technology and integrating an attendance system with computational techniques in order to minimize operational costs and complications. The proposed system is tested and demonstrated to be usable in a real classroom environment at Rangsit University, Thailand.

Assessment of the volume activity of α-radioactive wastes on surface and specific contamination by portable γ-spectrometry method

2020 ◽  
pp. 468-473
Author(s):  
I. P. Korenkov ◽  
A. I. Ermakov ◽  
A. B. Mayzik ◽  
T. N. Laschenova ◽  
V. N. Klochkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Germanium Detectors ◽  
Volume Activity ◽  
Β Decay ◽  
Γ Spectrometry

The aim of the study is to evaluate the volume activity of radioactive waste (RW) by surface and specific alpha contamination using portable gamma-spectrometry.Materials and methods. Methods of rapid assessment of the content of α-emitting radionuclides in solid waste of various morphologies using gamma-spectrometers based on germanium detectors are considered. Computational methods for determining the effectiveness of radionuclide registration are presented.Results. The possibility of using portable gamma-ray spectrometry to assess the surface and specific activity of various materials contaminated with α-emitters (232Th, 235U, 238U, 237Np, 239Pu, 240Pu and 241Am) is shown. The calculated values of the registration efficiency of low-energy gamma-emitters obtained by modeling the spatial-energy parameters of the detector are given.To simplify the solution of this problem, the calculation program used 20 standard templates of various geometries (rectangular, cylindrical, conical, spherical, etc.). The main sources of error in the survey of contaminated surfaces, largesized equipment and building structures were investigated.Conclusions. The possibilities of portable γ-spectrometry for estimating the volume of RW based on the surface density of contamination of materials with radionuclides of uranium and transuranic elements are investigated. When using γ-spectrometer with a high-purity germanium detector with a range of γ-quanta extended in the low-energy region, radionuclides such as 232Th, 235U,238U, 237Np, 241Am were determined by their own radiation or by the radiation of their daughter products.The “problem” element is plutonium, for rapid evaluation of which it is proposed, in accordance with the radionuclide vector methodology, to use 241Am, which accumulates during the β-decay of 241Pu.According to calculations, the most likely value of the activity ratio 239Pu/241Am for the object where the work was performed (scaling factor) varies in the range from 5.0 to 9.0.Based on the results of calculations and experimental studies, the parameters of the efficiency of registration of various α-emitting radionuclides by portable γ-spectrometers. It has been found that for germanium detectors with an absolute efficiency of registering a point source of 7÷15%, it is n×10–5÷n×10–4%.

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