scholarly journals Characterization of Potential Pollutants from Poly(lactic acid) after the Degradation Process in Soil under Simulated Environmental Conditions

AppliedChem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-172
Author(s):  
Marta Krawczyk-Walach ◽  
Karolina Gzyra-Jagieła ◽  
Anna Milczarek ◽  
Jagoda Jóźwik-Pruska
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Polymer Biodegradation ◽  
C And N

In recent years, the amount of produced petrochemical plastic waste has been growing at an alarming rate. According to the Plastics Europe Market Research Group (PEMRG)/Conversio Market & Strategy GmbH, in 2018 the global production of plastics amounts to 359 million tons, and in Europe—61.8 million tons. More than 80% of all marine litter is plastic, which accumulates in the environment due to its durability. Due to the growing problem, biodegradable polymer products are introduced to the market. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on degradation products in order to estimate the risk arising from their presence in the environment. This paper discusses research on compounds that may potentially remain in the soil after the degradation of the double green PLA polymer. The aim of the research was to prove whether products made of PLA, e.g., packaging, films and other waste can release substances harmful to the environment. Therefore, soil was selected as a medium to characterize the substances potentially released from the polymer under conditions simulating the degradation process in the environment. The soil was always used from the same producer. Before the polymer biodegradation process, it was additionally checked for pH, C and N content, number of microorganisms, etc. PLA degradation in soil was carried out in a laboratory accredited by the Polish Accreditation Center (PCA). During the research, soil samples at various stages of the degradation process under laboratory conditions were subjected to both extraction in an aqueous environment and organic solvent extraction The studies used the gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), as well as pyrolysis gas chromatography (Py-GC/MS). In addition, the study used the gel permeation chromatography (GPC/SEC) allowing to determine the distribution of molar masses, average molar masses and polydispersity, and the infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Environmental Friendly Degradation of Atrazine by Ozone and Identification of Main Degradation Products

2014 ◽  
Vol 1001 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Marián Šudý ◽  
Karol Balog ◽  
Maroš Soldán
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Atrazine Degradation

The present study investigates the degradation of atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) by ozone and OH radicals during ozonization with the identification of the main degradation products after ozonation. The identification of main degradation products during atrazine degradation process was conducted by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).

scholarly journals Conversion Among Photo-Oxidative Products of Polypropylene in Solid, Liquid and Gaseous States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Rui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Oxidative Products ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Oxidized Products

Abstract During aging of polymers, oxidized species on macromolecular chains in solid state, volatile degradation products in liquid state and gaseous degradation products in gaseous state are often investigated separately. The conversion among these products is not especially concerned and biased results may be obtained based on the products in a single state. In this paper, photo-oxidative products of commercial polypropylene (PP) and unstabilized PP in solid, liquid and gaseous states were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and gas chromatography (GC). By comparing the formation profiles, conversion among the photo-oxidative products in three states was traced. During photo-oxidative aging, the main chains of PP were first oxidized to form carbonyl species in solid state, or fractured to form volatile alkenes as liquid. With the proceeding of aging, the oxidized main chains fractured to form small molecules, resulting in the conversion of oxidized species from solid state to liquid and gaseous states. When the aging degree was extremely high, the accumulation of liquid oxidized products was limited due to migration and condensation. Therefore, both the carbonyl index (CI) and the concentrations of volatile oxidized products were increased first and then decreased, while the concentrations of gaseous products kept increasing all along.

scholarly journals Identification of Potential Extractables and Leachables in Cosmetic Plastic Packaging by Microchambers-Thermal Extraction and Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2115
Author(s):  
Pauline Murat ◽  
Sowmya Harohalli Puttaswamy ◽  
Pierre-Jacques Ferret ◽  
Sylvie Coslédan ◽  
Valérie Simon
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Styrene Acrylonitrile ◽  
Materials Used

Most container–content interaction studies are carried out through migration tests on end products or simulants involving generally toxic solvents. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying potential leachables from materials used in cosmetic plastic packaging by using two approaches based on solvent-free extraction, i.e., solid-phase microextraction sampling and pyrolyzer/thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Volatile and semi-volatile intentionally and non-intentionally added substances were detected in seven packaging samples made of polypropylene, polyethylene, and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer. Thirty-five compounds related to the polymers industry or packaging industry were identified, among them phthalates, alkanes, styrene, and cyanide derivates including degradation products, impurities, additives, plasticizers, and monomers. All except eight belong to the Cramer class I. These thermodesorption techniques are complementary to those used for migration tests.

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