scholarly journals Reducing Wooden Structure and Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Disaster Risk through Dynamic Risk Assessment and Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torgrim Log ◽  
Vigdis Vandvik ◽  
Liv Guri Velle ◽  
Maria-Monika Metallinou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fire Disaster ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management ◽  
Wui Fires ◽  
Bow Tie

In recent years, severe and deadly wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires have resulted in an increased focus on this particular risk to humans and property, especially in Canada, USA, Australia, and countries in the Mediterranean area. Also, in areas not previously accustomed to wildfires, such as boreal areas in Sweden, Norway, and in the Arctic, WUI fires have recently resulted in increasing concern. January 2014, the most severe wooden town fire in Norway since 1923 raged through Lærdalsøyri. Ten days later, a wildfire raged through the scattered populated community of Flatanger and destroyed even more structures. These fires came as a surprise to the fire brigades and the public. We describe and analyze a proposed way forward for exploring if and how this increasing fire incidence can be linked to concomitant changes in climate, land-use, and habitat management; and then aim at developing new dynamic adaptive fire risk assessment and management tools. We use coastal Norway as an example and focus on temporal changes in fire risk in wooden structure settlements and in the Norwegian Calluna vulgaris L. dominated WUI. In this interface, the fire risk is now increasing due to a combination of land-use changes, resulting in large areas of early successional vegetation with an accumulation of biomass, and the interactive effects of climatic changes resulting in increased drought risk. We propose a novel bow-tie framework to explore fire risk and preventive measures at various timescales (years, months, weeks, hours) as a conceptual model for exploring risk contributing factors and possibilities for risk management. Ignition is the top event of the bow-tie which has the potential development towards a fire disaster as a worst case outcome. The bow-tie framework includes factors such as changes in the built environment and natural habitat fuel moisture content due to the weather conditions, WUI fuel accumulation, possibly improved ecosystem management, contribution by civic prescribed burner groups, relevant fire risk modeling, and risk communication to the fire brigades and the public. We propose an interdisciplinary research agenda for developing this framework and improving the current risk understanding, risk communication, and risk management. This research agenda will represent important contributions in paving the road for fire disaster prevention in Norway, and may provide a model for other systems and regions.

scholarly journals Zasada podmiotowego traktowania skazanych w kodeksie karnym wykonawczym z 1997 roku

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 239-263
Author(s):  
Barbara Stańdo-Kawecka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Compromise Solution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring ◽  
Correctional Programmes

During the work on the draft of the 1997 Code of the Execution of Penalties (CEP) much attention was paid to the principle of the treatment of sentenced persons, and particu-larly those serving prison sentences, as subjects. In the Polish penological literature two dimensions of that principle were indicated. The first one referred to the strengthening of the sentenced person’s position in relation to enforcement authorities by means of precise regulations concerning his/her legal status and effective mechanisms for the protection of his/her rights. The second dimension meant the abandonment of forced rehabilitation and providing sentenced persons with the ability to decide freely whether they wanted to partici-pate in correctional interventions. Undoubtedly, the 1997 CEP strengthened the legal status of a sentenced person. As regards the abandonment of forced rehabilitation, the legislator chose a compromise solution according to which the participation in correctional interven-tions was, as a rule, voluntary, but in some cases it was mandatory. Like in other countries, in Poland in the last decade the idea of the public protection against crime played an in-creasingly important role in the criminal policy. In the criminal justice system focused on risk management, the treatment of sentenced persons as subjects requires providing them with reliable information on the possible consequences of their decisions concerning the participation in offered correctional activities. Additionally, it requires providing them with adequate access to empirically proven correctional programmes as well as introducing a transparent system of risk assessment and monitoring during the execution of the imposed penalty or penal measure.

Enterprise risk management and bow ties: going beyond patient safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 770-785
Author(s):  
Hossam Elamir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Enterprise Risk Management ◽  
Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Enterprise Risk ◽  
Bow Tie

Purpose The growing importance of risk management programmes and practices in different industries has given rise to a new risk management approach, i.e. enterprise risk management. The purpose of this paper is to better understand the necessity, benefit, approaches and methodologies of managing risks in healthcare. It compares and contrasts between the traditional and enterprise risk management approaches within the healthcare context. In addition, it introduces bow tie methodology, a prospective risk assessment tool proposed by the American Society for Healthcare Risk Management as a visual risk management tool used in enterprise risk management. Design/methodology/approach This is a critical review of published literature on the topics of governance, patient safety, risk management, enterprise risk management and bow tie, which aims to draw a link between them and find the benefits behind their adoption. Findings Enterprise risk management is a generic holistic approach that extends the benefits of risk management programme beyond the traditional insurable hazards and/or losses. In addition, the bow tie methodology is a barrier-based risk analysis and management tool used in enterprise risk management for critical events related to the relevant day-to-day operations. It is a visual risk assessment tool which is used in many higher reliability industries. Nevertheless, enterprise risk management and bow ties are reported with limited use in healthcare. Originality/value The paper suggests the applicability and usefulness of enterprise risk management to healthcare, and proposes the bow tie methodology as a proactive barrier-based risk management tool valid for enterprise risk management implementation in healthcare.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence Based Commercial Risk Management Framework for SMEs

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4501
Author(s):  
Gerda Žigienė ◽  
Egidijus Rybakovas ◽  
Robertas Alzbutas
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Risk Management Framework ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

Risk management in commercial processes is among the most important procedures affecting the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), their innovativeness and potential contribution to global sustainable development goals (SDGs). The ecosystem of commercial processes is the prerequisite to manage risk faced by SMEs. Commercial risk assessment and management using elements of artificial intelligence, big data, and machine learning technologies could be developed and maintained as external services for a group of SMEs allowing to share costs and benefits. This paper aims to provide a conceptual framework of commercial risk assessment and management solution based on elements of artificial intelligence. This conceptualization is done on the background of scientific literature, policy documents, and risk management standards. Main building blocks of the framework in terms of commercial risk categories, data sources and workflow phases are presented in the article. Business companies, state policy, and academic research focused recommendations on the further development of the framework and its implementation are elaborated.

Principles of risk assessment and risk management

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Smedley ◽  
Finlay Dick ◽  
Steven Sadhra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management ◽  
P Sources

Introduction and terminology 416Conceptual model 417General principles 418Sources of scientific evidence and uncertainty 420Risk communication and perception 421Decisions in OH often entail a choice between two or more options, the comparative merits of which are not immediately obvious. The decision may be for an individual (e.g. whether to ground a pilot because of a health problem), for the whole of a workforce (e.g. whether to immunize HCWs against smallpox), or at a societal level (e.g. whether to permit the use of a pesticide). Risk management is the process by which decisions of this sort are made, following an assessment of the risks and benefits associated with each option. Depending on the nature of the decision, the process of risk assessment and management may be more or less formalized....

Current needs in environmental risk management

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
S E Hrudey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Public Expectations ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Uncertainty Analyses ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

Risk assessment and management have become central to many health and environmental issues in recent years. Despite high expectations for the applications of science to identify and manage risks, many of these issues remain controversial. Some of the foundations of risk assessment and management are explored and needs for improvement are identified. Inputs from models, data, and uncertainty analyses are reviewed and goals for risk assessment, management, and communication are considered. Ultimately a better understanding of the strengths and limitations of these processes, primarily by the specialists and decision makers, is a prerequisite to more effective involvement of affected stakeholders in risk management. Unless some better basic understanding is achieved, public expectations and demands for risk management are likely to remain unachievable.

scholarly journals Methodology of fire risk analysis in electrical installations of a production facility

2022 ◽  
Vol 1211 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
O K Nikolsky ◽  
Yu D Shlionskaya ◽  
M A Gabova ◽  
A N Kachanov ◽  
V A Chernyshov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Probabilistic Assessment ◽  
Production Facility ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fire Risk Analysis ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

Abstract This article lists the principles of fire risk assessment and management of electrical installations, provides the main terms used in this subject area, and their meanings. The article also talks about factors affecting the magnitude of fire risk (risk-forming factors). Special attention is paid to the human factor. Formulas for probabilistic assessment of fire risks of electrical installations and an algorithm for assessing the fire hazard of electrical installations, as well as a scheme of the algorithm for calculating individual fire risk are given.

scholarly journals The Next Generation of Risk Assessment and Management: Introducing the eHARM

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn Mullally ◽  
Mini Mamak ◽  
Gary A Chaimowitz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Personalized Care ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Prediction Risk ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

Big data and analytics are rapidly changing health care and enabling a degree of measurement and quality improvement not previously seen. For a variety of reasons including the limited number of quality indicators in mental health care, psychiatry has been late to the game. Use of technology to measure, monitor, and assess risk and change, would have a significant impact for key stakeholders including patients, care providers, and the community. Analytics offer an opportunity to increase our understanding of the psychiatric populations, target effective programs and interventions, and direct more personalized care at the critical intersection of risk assessment and prediction – risk management. The electronic Hamilton Anatomy of Risk Management (eHARM) aims to harness the capabilities afforded by data analytics to enhance the assessment, monitoring, and management of risk at the clinical interface.

scholarly journals Invited perspectives: A research agenda towards Disaster Risk Management pathways in multi-risk assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James Ward ◽  
James Daniell ◽  
Melanie Duncan ◽  
Anna Dunne ◽  
Cédric Hananel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Risk Research ◽  
Sustainability Challenges

Abstract. Whilst the last decades have seen a clear shift in emphasis from managing natural hazards to managing risk, the majority of natural hazard risk research still focuses on single hazards. Internationally, there are calls for more attention for multi-hazards and multi-risks. Within the European Union (EU), the concepts of multi-hazard and multi-risk assessment and management have taken centre stage in recent years. In this perspective paper, we outline several key developments in multi-hazard and multi-risk research in the last decade, with a particular focus on the EU. We present challenges for multi-risk management as outlined in several research projects and papers. We then present a research agenda for addressing these challenges. We argue for an approach that addresses multi-hazard, multi-risk management through the lens of sustainability challenges that cut across sectors, regions, and hazards. In this approach, the starting point is a specific sustainability challenge, rather than an individual hazard or sector, and trade-offs and synergies are examined across sectors, regions, and hazards. We argue for in-depth case studies in which various approaches for multi-hazard and multi-risk management are co-developed and tested in practice. Finally, we present a new pan-European research project in which our proposed research agenda will be implemented, with the goal of enabling stakeholders to develop forward-looking disaster risk management pathways that assess trade-offs and synergies of various strategies across sectors, hazards, and scales.

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