TEXT CLUSTERING APPROACH TOWARD COMMUNITY EXPECTATIONS TO THE BUS RAPID TRANSIT (BRT) TRANSJATENG PURWOKERTO-PURBALINGGA OPERATIONS

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is one of the alternative public transportations in urban areas, which has begun to be implemented in some cities of Indonesia. By finding out the effectiveness of BRT as a mass transportation system, it is necessary to study the expectations of users and non-users of the Trans Jateng Purwokerto-Purbalingga BRT regarding the perceived social, economic, and environmental impacts. This study uses the text Clustering method to group public opinion based on similarities so that it can be analyzed further for policymaking. As a result, the majority of the community gave positive expectations of BRT implementation’s perceived social, economic, and environmental benefits. On the other hand, public opinion on the presence of BRT is not always positive and has a significant impact. Improvements are needed in several aspects that are considered not to meet public expectations to maximize the function of BRT as a substitute for public transportation for private vehicles.

Imaginary and Rational: From Social Theory to Social Order

The article is devoted to the analysis of imagination as a philosophical and sociological concept that played a significant role in the development of social theory in the middle of the 20th century. Exploring the premises of the contradictory relationship between science and society, it is easy to find a connection between the development of science and social change. Currently, it is generally accepted that scientific, including social theories, through the transfer of ideas, transform the social order and, on the contrary, social practices transform knowledge about the world. The article proves that imagination plays a key role in this process. An excursion into the theory of ideas reveals the connection between imagination and irrational and experiential knowledge. The author of the article refers to the works of P. Berger and T. Luckmann, C. Castoriadis and C. Taylor, who showed a direct connection between theoretical ideas and the world of "social imaginary", collective imaginary and social changes. For the first time in the history of mankind, thanks to imagination, society does not see the social order as something immutable. Methodological cases are presented that illustrate the specific role of the concept of imagination as a source of the formation of new research strategies that allow for a new look at the problem of nationalism (social constructivism) and the study of public expectations from the implementation of technological innovations (STS). For decades, Benedict Anderson's work “Imagined Communities” predetermined the interest of researchers of nationalism in social imagination and the collective ideas based on it about the national identity of modern societies, their history and geography. The research of Sheila Jasanoff and Sang-Hyun Kim has formed a new track for the study of science as a collective product of public expectations of an imaginary social order, embodied in technological projects. The conclusion is made about the contradictory nature of social expectations based on collective imagination: on the one hand, they strengthen the authority of science in society, on the other hand, they provoke the growth of negative expectations from the introduction of scientific discoveries. The article substantiates the opinion that imagination is an effective tool for assessing the risks of introducing innovations.

Green Aid Tax Relief Participation Scheme – A Study about a Creative Environmental Tax Towards Carbon Reduction in the Post – Covid 19 Era

Environmental tax is the climate policy that offers, in theory, the easiest way for carbon reduction. But in practice, implementation has proven complicated despite public demand for policy action on climate change. This research investigates to reframe environmental taxes in ways more personally engaging to create a moral foundation, and massive participation. As people show rising demand, we aimed to design a tool that responds to public expectations and operates directly at source on emission reducers, viz the trees. Drawing on research from environmental taxes and the evidence of measures taken, we reasoned that an environmental fiscal policy may not intend necessarily to punish the “bads”, but rather might reward the positive attitude and direct it to act. Consequently, we focused on tax reliefs and designed Green Aid, that can address people’s attitude to take active participation into account by incorporating virtuous behaviours into tax relief. Green Aid Tax relief works embedded in the Green Aid Participation Scheme that bears directly on a source of environmental recovery and organizes the global call to public action in a sustained, structured, and collective participation to forestation. Green Aid bridges the action of contributing to carbon reduction with immediate, tangible, and direct benefits. It can be an alternative environmental tax, able to address and operate directly at source on emission reducers and secure effectiveness in carbon reduction and efficiency in terms of public acceptance and viability at a global level.

Two Domains to Five: Advancing Veterinary Duty of Care to Fulfil Public Expectations of Animal Welfare Expertise

Veterinarians are animal health experts. More recently, they have been conferred a leading role as experts in animal welfare. This expectation of veterinarians as welfare experts appears to stem from their training in veterinary medicine as well as professional contributions to welfare-relevant policy and law. Veterinarians are ideally situated to act as animal welfare experts by virtue of their core work with animals and potential influence over owners, their roles in policy development, compliance, and monitoring, and as educators of future veterinarians. However, since its inception as a discipline over 70 years ago, animal welfare science has moved beyond a two-dimensional focus on nutrition and health (biological functioning) towards an understanding that the mental experiences of animals are the focus of welfare consideration. The Five Domains Model is a structured and systematic framework for more holistically considering conditions that contribute to the animal’s internal state and its perception of its external situation, and the resultant mental experiences. The Model can be used to better align veterinary animal welfare expertise with contemporary understanding of animal welfare science and improve welfare literacy within the veterinary profession. Improved understanding of animal welfare science is likely to lead to increased confidence, competence, and empowerment to act as experts in their daily lives.

The Politics of Women's Presence on High Courts: Bias and the Conditional Nature of Cultivating Legitimacy

While we know that women's presence in the legislature positively impacts how citizens view the institution, little is known about the impact of women's presence on the legitimacy of high courts. We argue that despite differences in public expectations for courts, women's presence on the high court does impact citizen perceptions of legitimacy. However, this effect is dependent on both the level and the type of bias held by citizens. That is, when a person feels hostile bias toward women, the bias disrupts the potential legitimacy that the court could gain. On the other hand, we argue that benevolent sexism does not trigger any change in how citizens view the high court in a democracy. Using evidence from an experiment, we find that the presence of women on the high court has a strong positive impact on citizen perceptions of court legitimacy, though not among those with hostile gender bias.

A Multi-Agent Linguistic-Style Large Group Decision-Making Method Considering Public Expectations

Focusing on the characteristics of public participation and large group decision making of major livelihood projects, this paper proposes a multi-agent linguistic-style large group decision-making method with the consideration of public expectations. Firstly, based on the discrimination degree of evaluating information, the comprehensive weight of each attribute is calculated with the principle of maximum entropy. Secondly, the expert preference information for different alternatives is clustered and several aggregations are formed. Thirdly, the preference conflict level of experts' group for each alternative is calculated, and a conflict-oriented experts' aggregation weight optimization model is constructed to ensure the effectiveness of conflict resolution. Fourthly, the public group's satisfaction is determined with the expectation distribution of public’s and the expert group's preference, so as to obtain the sorting result of the decision alternatives. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method are verified by method comparison.

Being an Entrepreneurial Artist

As in sports, business, and other sectors, the star artists, the top 1%, have disproportionately influenced the public expectations for what 'a successful artist' means. But it isn’t necessary to retell the stories of the 1% of arts entrepreneurs. This essay looks instead at the quotidian artist and, unlike the art historian, at what they do and why, not what they make.

Adapting the influences of publishers to perform news event detection

Online news outlets have the power to influence public policy issues. To understand the opinions of the people, many government departments check online news outlets to manually detect events that interest people. This process is time-consuming. To promptly respond to public expectations, this research proposes a framework for detecting news events that may interest government departments. This article proposes a method for finding event trigger words used to represent an event. The news media can be a critical participant in ‘agenda-setting’, which means that more widely discussed news is more attractive and critical than news that is less discussed. However, few studies have considered the influence of news media publishers from the ‘agenda setting’ perspective. Therefore, this study proposes an ‘agenda setting’-based filter to establish a high-impact news event detection model. The proposed framework identifies trigger words and utilises word embedding to find news event–related words. After that, an event detection model is designed to determine the events that are attractive to government departments. The experimental results show that purity increases from 0.666 when no extraction method is used to 0.809 when the extraction method in this study is used. The overall improvement trend shows significant improvement in event detection performance.

THE ROLE OF HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUMS AS SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE FORMATION AND POPULARIZATION OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL MEMORY (ZHOUCOUDIAN MUSEUM, CHINA)

The article analyzes the role of historical and archaeological museums as public institutions in the formation and promotion of historical and cultural memory in modern conditions of constant change: from the functions of museums through technology to public expectations and needs of the audience. The historical and archaeological museum is considered a socio-cultural institution that fulfills the mission of preserving, broadcasting, and interpreting historical and cultural memory. Based on the properties of historical and cultural memory defined by the author, the functions of museums are established, which ensure its preservation, transition, and interpretation. The article analyzes the dependence of the functions of historical and archaeological museums on changes in the field of communications, technological integration, and the post-epidemic crisis. Given that education and culture are the greatest values of mankind, the author considers one of the main tasks of historical and archaeological museums in the education and cultural de-velopment of society based on historical and cultural heritage. And hence the concept of modern historical and archaeological museums is considered in the direction of scientific and socio-cultural centers.