scholarly journals Regional Interactions in Social Responses to Extreme Climate Events: A Case Study of the North China Famine of 1876–1879

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianshuai Zhai ◽  
Xiuqi Fang ◽  
Yun Su
Keyword(s):  
North China ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Extreme Climate Events ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
The North ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Climate Events

The North China Famine of 1876–1879, known in Chinese as the Dingwu qihuang (丁戊奇荒), is a famous case of drought-induced famine in Chinese history. The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical and historical evidence for understanding the impacts of extreme climate events and major disasters and the mechanisms of adaptation. From the aspects of famine-related migration and the allocation of relief money and grain, the regional interactions in social responses to extreme climate events were analyzed. This paper collected 186 records from historical documents. Regarding the regions as the nodes and the relationships between regions as the links, the spatial patterns of famine-related migration and the allocation of money and grain from 1877 to 1878 were rebuilt. The results show that, firstly, famine-related migration appeared to be spontaneous and short-distanced, with the flow mainly spreading to the surrounding areas and towns. Secondly, as a state administrative action, the relief money and grain from the non-disaster areas were distributed to the disaster areas. However, the distribution of relief grain affected the equilibrium of the food market in non-disaster areas, which led to fluctuations in food prices.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impacts of Extreme Climate Events on Vegetation Activity in the North South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2291
Author(s):  
Zhou ◽  
Pei ◽  
Xia ◽  
Wu ◽  
Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Terrestrial Vegetation ◽  
Extreme Climate Events ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
The North ◽  
Extreme High Temperature ◽  
Vegetation Activity ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Climate Events

Extreme climate events frequently exert serious effects on terrestrial vegetation activity. However, these effects are still uncertain in widely distributed areas with different climate zones. Transect analysis is important to understand how terrestrial vegetation responds to climate change, especially extreme climate events, by substituting space for time. In this paper, seven extreme climate indices and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are employed to examine changes in the extreme climate events and vegetation activity. To reduce the uncertainty of the NDVI, two satellite-derived NDVI datasets, including the third generation Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling System (GIMMS-3g) NDVI dataset and the NDVI from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites on Star Web Servers (SWS), were employed to capture changes in vegetation activity. The impacts of climate extremes on vegetation activity were then assessed over the period of 1982–2012 using the North–South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) as a case. The results show that vegetation activity was overall strengthened from 1982 to 2012 in the NSTEC. In addition, extreme high temperature events revealed an increased trend of approximately 5.15 days per decade, while a weakened trend (not significant) was found in extreme cold temperature events. The strengthened vegetation activities could be associated with enhanced extreme high temperature events and weakened extreme cold temperature events over the past decades in most of the NSTEC. Despite this, inversed changes were also found locally between vegetation activity and extreme climate events (e.g., in the Northeast Plain). These phenomena could be associated with differences in vegetation type, human activity, as well as the combined effects of the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events. This study highlights the importance of accounting for the vital roles of extreme climate effects on vegetation activity.

Can animal habitat use patterns influence their vulnerability to extreme climate events? An estuarine sportfish case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 4045-4057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross E. Boucek ◽  
Michael R. Heithaus ◽  
Rolando Santos ◽  
Philip Stevens ◽  
Jennifer S. Rehage
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Extreme Climate Events ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
Animal Habitat

Spatiotemporal variations of extreme climate events in Northeast China during 1960–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 669-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enliang Guo ◽  
Jiquan Zhang ◽  
Yongfang Wang ◽  
Lai Quan ◽  
Rongju Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variations ◽  
Extreme Climate Events ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Climate Events

scholarly journals Effects of Extreme Climate Events on Tea (Camellia sinensis) Functional Quality Validate Indigenous Farmer Knowledge and Sensory Preferences in Tropical China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e109126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Ahmed ◽  
John Richard Stepp ◽  
Colin Orians ◽  
Timothy Griffin ◽  
Corene Matyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Farmer Knowledge ◽  
Extreme Climate Events ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Functional Quality ◽  
Tropical China ◽  
Climate Events

scholarly journals Temporal clustering of extreme climate events drives a regime shift in rocky intertidal biofilms

Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. e02578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Dal Bello ◽  
Luca Rindi ◽  
Lisandro Benedetti‐Cecchi
Keyword(s):  
Regime Shift ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Extreme Climate Events ◽  
Temporal Clustering ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Climate Events

scholarly journals Impact of recent climate extremes on mosquito-borne disease transmission in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e0009182
Author(s):  
Cameron Nosrat ◽  
Jonathan Altamirano ◽  
Assaf Anyamba ◽  
Jamie M. Caldwell ◽  
Richard Damoah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Extreme Climate Events ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
The Impact

Climate change and variability influence temperature and rainfall, which impact vector abundance and the dynamics of vector-borne disease transmission. Climate change is projected to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events. Mosquito-borne diseases, such as dengue fever, are primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Freshwater availability and temperature affect dengue vector populations via a variety of biological processes and thus influence the ability of mosquitoes to effectively transmit disease. However, the effect of droughts, floods, heat waves, and cold waves is not well understood. Using vector, climate, and dengue disease data collected between 2013 and 2019 in Kenya, this retrospective cohort study aims to elucidate the impact of extreme rainfall and temperature on mosquito abundance and the risk of arboviral infections. To define extreme periods of rainfall and land surface temperature (LST), we calculated monthly anomalies as deviations from long-term means (1983–2019 for rainfall, 2000–2019 for LST) across four study locations in Kenya. We classified extreme climate events as the upper and lower 10% of these calculated LST or rainfall deviations. Monthly Ae. aegypti abundance was recorded in Kenya using four trapping methods. Blood samples were also collected from children with febrile illness presenting to four field sites and tested for dengue virus using an IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that mosquito eggs and adults were significantly more abundant one month following an abnormally wet month. The relationship between mosquito abundance and dengue risk follows a non-linear association. Our findings suggest that early warnings and targeted interventions during periods of abnormal rainfall and temperature, especially flooding, can potentially contribute to reductions in risk of viral transmission.

scholarly journals Quantifying the influence of global warming on unprecedented extreme climate events

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (19) ◽  
pp. 4881-4886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah S. Diffenbaugh ◽  
Deepti Singh ◽  
Justin S. Mankin ◽  
Daniel E. Horton ◽  
Daniel L. Swain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Extreme Climate Events ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Patterns ◽  
Extreme Climate ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Climate Events

Efforts to understand the influence of historical global warming on individual extreme climate events have increased over the past decade. However, despite substantial progress, events that are unprecedented in the local observational record remain a persistent challenge. Leveraging observations and a large climate model ensemble, we quantify uncertainty in the influence of global warming on the severity and probability of the historically hottest month, hottest day, driest year, and wettest 5-d period for different areas of the globe. We find that historical warming has increased the severity and probability of the hottest month and hottest day of the year at >80% of the available observational area. Our framework also suggests that the historical climate forcing has increased the probability of the driest year and wettest 5-d period at 57% and 41% of the observed area, respectively, although we note important caveats. For the most protracted hot and dry events, the strongest and most widespread contributions of anthropogenic climate forcing occur in the tropics, including increases in probability of at least a factor of 4 for the hottest month and at least a factor of 2 for the driest year. We also demonstrate the ability of our framework to systematically evaluate the role of dynamic and thermodynamic factors such as atmospheric circulation patterns and atmospheric water vapor, and find extremely high statistical confidence that anthropogenic forcing increased the probability of record-low Arctic sea ice extent.

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