scholarly journals Microbial Environmental Pollution in ICUs: Results, Trends, and Suggestions from a Long-Lasting Surveillance

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1174
Author(s):  
Daniela D’Alessandro ◽  
Massimo Fabiani ◽  
Letizia Appolloni
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Surgical Icus ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Microbiological Surveillance

Intensive care units (ICUs) are special areas in hospitals for patients with severe and life-threatening diseases. ICUs are of several categories, such as neonatal ICUs, cardiac ICUs, neurological ICUs, surgical ICUs, etc. The ICUs’ patients may show a high susceptibility for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) depending on underlying disease, duration of stay and treatment. ICUs are considered potential reservoirs for (opportunistic) pathogenic microbial strains and the risk of acquiring infection in these hospital environments is higher than in others. Several studies show the role of inanimate surface and equipment contamination in the transmission of pathogens to ICU patients. The aim of this study is to describe the results of 124 sampling campaigns performed during 12 years of microbiological surveillance of five ICUs of different categories, for an overall number of 714 samples (232 from air and 482 from surface), to analyze their trends and to elaborate suggestions to improve ICUs’ environmental quality and patients’ safety.

Abstract WP366: Readmission for an Infection After a Stroke Admission: The Role of Hospital Acquired Infections

Stroke ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia K Boehme ◽  
Maitreyi Oka ◽  
Bevin Cohen ◽  
Barun Mathema ◽  
Elaine Larson
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance in healthcare, agriculture and the environment: the biochemistry behind the headlines

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrietta Venter ◽  
Michael L. Henningsen ◽  
Stephanie L. Begg
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Public Media ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
Hospital Acquired

The crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious issues facing us today. The scale of the problem is illustrated by the recent commitment of Heads of State at the UN to coordinate efforts to curb the spread of AMR infections. In this review, we explore the biochemistry behind the headlines of a few stories that were recently published in the public media. We focus on examples from three different issues related to AMR: (i) hospital-acquired infections, (ii) the spread of resistance through animals and/or the environment and (iii) the role of antimicrobial soaps and other products containing disinfectants in the dissemination of AMR. Although these stories stem from three very different settings, the underlying message in all of them is the same: there is a direct relationship between the use of antimicrobials and the development of resistance. In addition, one type of antimicrobial could select for cross-resistance to another type and/or for multidrug resistance. Therefore, we argue the case for increased stewardship to not only cover clinical use of antibiotics, but also the use of antimicrobials in agriculture and stewardship of our crucially important biocides such as chlorhexidine.

scholarly journals Detection of carbapenemase production in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species by carbapenemase Nordmann–Poirel test

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morubagal R. Rao ◽  
Pooja Chandrashaker ◽  
Rashmi P. Mahale ◽  
Sowmya G. Shivappa ◽  
Ranjitha S. Gowda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract PURPOSE: Multidrug-resistant organisms causing community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections are increasing at a dangerous rate. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species are an important source of concern since these organisms are not only resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics but also show cross-resistance to other groups of antibiotics. In the present study, rapid detection of these carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species by carbapenemase Nordmann–Poirel (Carba NP) test was evaluated by comparing with modified Hodge test (MHT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Imipenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species isolated from various samples such as pus, blood, sputum, urine, and endotracheal aspirates were processed for carbapenemase detection by MHT and Carba NP test. Kappa analysis was done to evaluate the percentage agreement between the two tests. RESULTS: Seventy imipenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas isolates were analyzed in the present study for carbapenemase production. 63.41% ofEnterobacteriaceae and 34.48% of Pseudomonas species were carbapenemase producers considering both the methods. By MHT, 36 (51.42%) isolates and, by Carba NP test, 35 (50%) isolates were positive for carbapenemase production out of the 70 isolates. CONCLUSION: Carba NP test when compared to MHT is a simple, rapid, cost-effective biochemical test which can be used in all laboratories in the identification of life-threatening carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Acinetobacter endocarditis: a rare nosocomial infection of native heart valves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Shokouhi ◽  
Ghodsieh Kamrani ◽  
Iman Ghasemzadeh ◽  
Mana Baziboroun
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
First Case ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Timely Treatment

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen predominantly associated with hospital-acquired infections. Here we present a case of infective endocarditis of native Mitral and Aorta valves caused by A. baumannii in a 73-year-old man. He underwent surgical excision and Pathologic specimen showed A. baumannii growth after 48 hours that was exten- sively drug-resistant (XDR). He was treated with colistin and tigecycline. Finally, he discharged with no important compli- cation. To our best knowledge, it is the first case of Acinetobacter endocarditis has ever been reported in Iran. Although XDR A. baumannii is a life-threatening pathogen, proper and timely treatment can be life-saving.

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