Proteomics-Based Identification of Salivary Changes in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral condition characterized by an intraoral burning sensation, taste alterations, and dry mouth sensations. Although a number of factors have been closely related to the appearance of the symptoms, including anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances, the etiology of BMS remains unclear. Furthermore, currently no objective diagnostic tools exist, making its diagnosis challenging. Therefore, to contribute to the knowledge about BMS etiology and look for objective tools for its diagnosis, the present study was conducted. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the proteomic profile of the resting whole saliva of patients with BMS and age and sex-matched controls using two-dimensional electrophoresis. The results showed evidence of changes in saliva at the level of proteins related to important pathways such as stress (sAA), immune system (Ig), and inflammation (leukocyte elastase inhibitor). While some of our findings have been previously described others, such as the deregulation of the coiled-coin domain containing protein 25 in BMS, are presented here for the first time to our knowledge. Thus, saliva provides us with relevant information about BMS pathophysiology and could be considered a suitable biofluid for its study and/or diagnosis.

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Detection of Salivary Interleukin 2 and Interleukin 6 in Patients With Burning Mouth Syndrome

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/mi/2006/54632 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2006 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Daria Simcic ◽

Sonja Pezelj-Ribaric ◽

Renata Gržic ◽

Jelena Horvat ◽

Gordana Brumini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Severity Of Illness ◽

Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽

Control Group ◽

Whole Saliva ◽

Burning Mouth ◽

Age Range ◽

Healthy Participants

The etiology of BMS remains unknown. Role of various cytokines has been implicated in the development of BMS. The aim of this study was to evaluate levels of salivary IL-2 and IL-6 in patients with BMS, compared with age-matched healthy volunteers (control group). Whole saliva from 30 patients with BMS, age range 55–65, was tested for the presence of IL-6 and IL-2 by enzyme immunoassay. Control group consisted of 30 healthy participants, aged 55–65 years. Saliva IL-2 concentrations in BMS were significantly increased in patients compared to healthy subjects: mean34.1±9.7versus7.3±3.0pg/mL;P<.001. Patients with BMS had significantly higher concentrations of IL-6 compared to control: mean30.8±5.6versus5.2±2.8pg/mL;P<.001. In patients with BMS, IL-2 and IL-6 levels in saliva are elevated, correlating with the severity of illness.

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Salivary Biomarkers and Their Correlation with Pain and Stress in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9040929 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 929

Author(s):

Pia Lopez-Jornet ◽

Candela Castillo Felipe ◽

Luis Pardo-Marin ◽

Jose J. Ceron ◽

Eduardo Pons-Fuster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Health Impact ◽

Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽

Salivary Biomarkers ◽

Inflammatory Protein ◽

Whole Saliva ◽

Burning Mouth ◽

Positive Correlations

Objective: To evaluate a panel of salivary analytes involving biomarkers of inflammation, stress, immune system and antioxidant status in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to study their relationship with clinical variables. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 patients with BMS and 31 controls were consecutively enrolled in the study, with the recording of oral habits, the severity of pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) score and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP14) score. Resting whole saliva was collected with the drainage technique, followed by the measurement of 11 biomarkers. Results: The salivary flow was higher in patients with BMS. Among all the biomarkers studied, significantly higher levels of alpha-amylase, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and macrophage inflammatory protein-4 (MIP4) and lower levels of uric acid and ferric reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) were observed in the saliva of patients with BMS as compared to the controls (p < 0.05 in all cases). Positive correlations were found between pain, oral quality of life and anxiety scores and salivary biomarkers. Conclusions: BMS is associated with changes in salivary biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and stress, being related to the degree of pain and anxiety.

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