scholarly journals Retinal Microvascular Impairment in COVID-19 Bilateral Pneumonia Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Jorge González-Zamora ◽  
Valentina Bilbao-Malavé ◽  
Elsa Gándara ◽  
Anna Casablanca-Piñera ◽  
Claudia Boquera-Ventosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cotton Wool Spots ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Microvascular Alterations ◽  
Changes Over Time

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of retinal and microvascular alterations in COVID-19 patients with bilateral pneumonia due to SARS-COV-2 that required hospital admission and compare this with a cohort of age- and sex-matched controls. COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia patients underwent retinal imaging 14 days after hospital discharge with structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) measurements. Vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area were evaluated in the superficial, deep capillary plexus (SCP, DCP), and choriocapillaris (CC). After exclusion criteria, only one eye per patient was selected, and 50 eyes (25 patients and 25 controls) were included in the analysis. COVID-19 patients presented significantly thinner ganglion cell layer (GCL) (p = 0.003) and thicker retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) compared to controls (p = 0.048), and this RNFL thickening was greater in COVID-19 cases with cotton wool spots (CWS), when compared with patients without CWS (p = 0.032). In both SCP and DCP, COVID-19 patients presented lower VD in the foveal region (p < 0.001) and a greater FAZ area than controls (p = 0.007). These findings suggest that thrombotic and inflammatory phenomena could be happening in the retina of COVID-19 patients. Further research is warranted to analyze the longitudinal evolution of these changes over time as well as their correlation with disease severity.

Foveal avascular zone in oculocutaneous albinism

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e240208
Author(s):  
Hana A Mansour ◽  
Sami Uwaydat ◽  
Muhamad H Yunis ◽  
Ahmad M Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Oculocutaneous Albinism ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Foveal Hypoplasia

Optical coherence tomography angiography imaging in two patients with oculocutaneous albinism, one with severe nystagmus, showed persistence of both the superficial and the deep retinal capillary plexus adding another vascular feature to the foveal hypoplasia.

Optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1418-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Furino ◽  
Grazia Montrone ◽  
Maria Vittoria Cicinelli ◽  
Stefania Balestra ◽  
Maria Oliva Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: To investigate a subset of diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy with optical coherence tomography angiography, assessing the differences in macular perfusion between diseased eyes and healthy controls. Methods: Monocentric cross-sectional study, including 86 eyes from 43 diabetic patients with no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy and 78 eyes from 39 controls. Patients underwent 3.0 × 3.0 mm and 4.5 × 4.5 mm swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Vessel density (%), foveal avascular zone area (mm2), and avascular density (%) were provided for the superficial capillary plexus and the deep capillary plexus. Results: The foveal avascular zone area at the superficial capillary plexus was larger in the study group compared to controls, irrespective of the area of the slab considered. A meaningful difference was found in the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus of the 3.0 × 3.0 mm slab (p = 0.03). Almost all the variables considered in the study showed a significant within-subject effect. Age significantly correlated with vessel density of superficial capillary plexus on 4.5 × 4.5 mm in both control and diabetic eyes. Conclusion: Diabetic patients with subclinical diabetic retinopathy feature a larger foveal avascular zone at the superficial capillary plexus compared with controls, as well as relative reduction of the vessel density at the deep capillary plexus. These findings might serve as the basis for screening between normal and diabetic subjects.

Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in young β-thalassemia patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-607
Author(s):  
Elif Güler Kazancı ◽  
Muhammet Furkan Korkmaz ◽  
Mehmet Erol Can
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Superficial Capillary Plexus

Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate retinal vascular parameters by optical coherence tomography angiography in β-thalassemia major patients. Methods: Thirty-three patients with β-thalassemia major (study group) and 29 healthy children (control group) were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent a complete ocular examination. The mean foveal avascular zone, non-flow area, foveal avascular zone perimeter, acircularity index of foveal avascular zone, foveal density, the superficial capillary plexus, and deep capillary plexus were scanned using 6 × 6 mm optical coherence tomography angiography scans centered on the macula. Superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were also scanned centered on the optic disk. We collected data on histories of patients, and hemoglobin and ferritin were also studied from both groups. Results: The mean age was 13.85 ± 4.69 years (range: 4–21 years) in β-thalassemia major group and 12.59 ± 3.66 years (range: 6–18 years) in the control group. The mean foveal avascular zone value was 0.265 ± 0.11 mm2 in the study group and 0.296 ± 0.12 mm2 in the control group. The mean non-flow area value was 0.468 ± 0.12 mm2 in the study group and 0.479 ± 0.14 mm2 in the control group ( p > 0.05). Differences in the mean values for foveal density and acircularity index were statistically significant between the study group and control group ( p < 0.05, p = 0.026, and p = 0.026, respectively). Superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were not a significant difference between the study and control groups in 6 × 6 mm scans on macula and 4.5 × 4.5 mm scans on optic disk area ( p > 0.05). Acircularity index was negatively correlated ( r = −0.292, p = 0.026), and foveal density was positively correlated with hemoglobin ( r = 0.292, p = 0.026). Conclusion: By using optical coherence tomography angiography, we detected foveal microvascular changes in young β-thalassemia patients before significant ocular anomalies development.

scholarly journals Quantification of macular perfusion in healthy children using optical coherence tomography angiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Ghassemi ◽  
Vahid Hatami ◽  
Farhad Salari ◽  
Fatemeh Bazvand ◽  
Hadi Shamouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus

Abstract Background This study aimed at defining the variance of vessel density (VD) characteristics in the macula of children with normal eyes. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which subjects with normal eyes aged 3–18 years were enrolled. The macula was scanned by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Four age groups as under 7 years, 7–10 years, 11–14 years and more than 14 years of age were defined. The influences of age, gender, and body mass index on VD were analyzed. Results A total of 108 normal eyes from 54 participants with a mean age of 10.9 years were enrolled in the study. At the superficial and deep retina capillary plexus (SCP and DCP) and choriocapillaris (CC), respectively, the mean VD of the fovea was 20.10%, 36.99%, and 75.67%; at parafovea, these measurements were 53.12%, 55.81%, and 69.76%; and at perifovea, these measures were 51.38%, 52.46%, and 73.47%. The median foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was 0.30 mm2. No significant differences between superior-hemi VD and inferior-hemi VD were found in the studied plexuses. The VD at parafovea and perifovea CC differed significantly between groups. There was no variation in VD of macular retina and CC between eyes or sex. FAZ areas were different between genders. Conclusions No difference between eyes and genders in the retina and CC VD of macular area was noted. FAZ area was larger in male. Even though this is not a longitudinal study, it may provide us with hints about macular vascular development during puberty and clinical implications of OCTA in children.

scholarly journals Automated measurement of the foveal avascular zone in healthy eyes on Heidelberg Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Gutierrez-Benitez ◽  
Yolanda Palomino ◽  
Noe Casas
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Healthy Eyes

PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate an automated method to measure the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in healthy eyes on Heidelberg Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (HS-OCTA). This method is referred to as the modified Kanno-Saitama macro (mKSM). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 29 eyes of 25 healthy volunteers who underwent HS-OCTA at the macular area twice at the same time. Regardless of the quality of the images, all of them were included. Macular data on the superficial vascular plexus, intermediate capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were processed by mKSM. The FAZ area was measured twice automatically using the mKSM and twice manually by two independent examiners. RESULTS: Intrascan intraclass coefficient ranged from 0,948 to 0,993 for manual measurements and was 1 for mKSM method. Interscan intraclass coefficients ranged from 0,925 to 0,973 for manual measurements and from 0,770 to 0,902 for mKSM method. Despite that the difference between human examiners is smaller than between human examiners and mKSM according to Bland-Altman plots, the scatterplots show a strong correlation between human and automatic measurements. The best results are obtained in intermediate capillary plexus. CONCLUSIONS: Automated determination of the FAZ area in HS-OCTA is feasible and less human-dependent by mKSM even if the image is not perfectly centred or has artefacts. The mKSM processing could contribute to our understanding of the three vascular plexuses.

Optical coherence tomography angiography reveals vascular alterations in pediatric commotio retinae

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212092461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Papageorgiou ◽  
Nikolaos Voutsas ◽  
Maria Kotoula ◽  
Anna Dastiridou ◽  
Evangelia E Tsironi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Commotio Retinae

Introduction Aim of this study is to present the acute and long-term swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography findings in pediatric commotio retinae. Materials and methods Two children presented with reduced visual acuity and Berlin edema after blunt trauma. Results Swept-source optical coherence tomography revealed hyperreflectivity of the retinal nerve fiber layer and disruption of the ellipsoid zone and the retinal pigment epithelium. Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography showed enlarged superficial foveal avascular zone in both cases. In the more severe case, there was enlargement of both superficial and deep foveal avascular zone, and reduction of the superficial vascular plexus density. Conclusion The present findings suggest that pediatric commotio retinae may be associated with retinal vascular changes, that is, foveal avascular zone enlargement and decreased vessel density. The extent of the microvascular alterations is possibly related to trauma severity.

Measurement of Normative Foveal Avascular Zone Parameters in Healthy Adults Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayan A. Alshareef ◽  
Hasenin Al-khersan ◽  
Rami Darwich ◽  
Ayesha Jabeen ◽  
Asiya Jabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Geometric Dimension ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Retinal Capillary ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus ◽  
Male Sex

Background and Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify the geometric dimension of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and its index measurement of morphology as a circle (acircularity index) in healthy participants according to age and sex, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Study Design/Materials and Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at LV Prasad Eye Institute, India. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before the study. Deep range imaging-optical coherence tomography (DRI-OCT; Topcon) was performed on right eyes of all participants in this study. The OCTA scans were analyzed and processed; FAZ dimensions and the acircularity index were calculated for both superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP) and deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP). Results: A total of 88 normal right eyes from 88 participants were included (48 males, 40 females; mean 42 ± 13 years of age). Mean FAZ area for SCP and DCP was 3.37 ± 1.28 mm2 and 2.31 ± 1.12 mm2, respectively. Mean acircularity index for SCP and DCP was 1.76 ± 1.58 and 1.60 ± 0.90, respectively. In the SCP, male sex was correlated with lower FAZ values; however, there was no correlation with age or refractive error. For the DCP, male sex and increasing age correlated with lower FAZ values, but there was no correlation with refractive error. Foveal avascular zone areas decreased 0.0225 mm2 per year in the DCP. The acircularity index of both the SCP and DCP was not correlated with sex, age, or refractive error. Conclusions: Male sex and increasing age were correlated with lower FAZ values in the DCP, while only male sex was correlated with lower FAZ values in the SCP. There was no correlation between sex, age, or refractive error with the acircularity index for both the SCP and DCP.

scholarly journals Retinal and Choriocapillaris Vascular Changes in Patients Affected by Different Clinical Phenotypes of β-Thalassemia: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Gilda Cennamo ◽  
Daniela Montorio ◽  
Giuliano Mazzella ◽  
Paolo Ricchi ◽  
Silvia Costantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Phenotypes ◽  
Thalassemia Minor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Capillary Plexus

In this cross-sectional study we assessed the vascular alterations in retinal and choriocapillaris perfusion in patients affected by β-thalassemia, by means of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). A total of 124 eyes of 62 patients (mean age 44.74 ± 5.79 years old) affected by β-thalassemia (transfusion dependent thalassemia (TDT), non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (NTDT) and minor) were compared to 40 eyes of twenty healthy subjects. We evaluated the vessel density (VD) in superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus, radial peripapillary capillary, choriocapillaris and the foveal avascular zone area. The TDT group showed a statistically significant reduction in retinal and choriocapillaris VD respect to controls and the other groups (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in OCTA parameters between β-thalassemia minor and controls. The NTDT group showed a significant reduction in VD in deep capillary plexus respect to controls and β-thalassemia minor. Significant negative correlations were shown in TDT group between foveal avascular zone and hemoglobin (r = −0.437, p = 0.044) and between ferritin levels and VD of choriocapillaris (r = −0.431, p = 0.038). The OCTA parameters provided a deeper understanding on retinal and choriocapillaris vascular impairment affected by tissue hypoxia levels and the oxidative stress in different clinical phenotypes of the β-thalassemia.

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