scholarly journals Emotional Modulation of Episodic Memory in School-Age Children and Adults: An Event-Related Potential Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1598
Author(s):  
Sarah Massol ◽  
Cora Caron ◽  
Nicolas Franck ◽  
Caroline Demily ◽  
Hanna Chainay
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Emotional Modulation ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Impact

The Emotional Enhancement of Memory (EEM) has been well-demonstrated in adults, but less is known about EEM in children. The present study tested the impact of emotional valence of pictures on episodic memory using behavioral and neurophysiological measures. Twenty-six 8- to 11-year-old children were tested and compared to 30 young adults. Both groups participated in pictures’ intentional encoding tasks while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded, followed by immediate free recall tasks. Behavioral results revealed a general EEM in free recall performances in both groups, along with a negativity effect in children. ERP responses revealed a particular sensitivity to negative pictures in children with a late emotion effect at anterior clusters, as well as a greater successful encoding effect for emotional pictures compared to neutral ones. For adults, the emotion effect was more pronounced for positive pictures across all time windows from the centro-parietal to the frontal part, and localized in the left hemisphere. Positive pictures also elicited a greater successful encoding effect at anterior clusters in adults. By combining behavioral and neurophysiological measures to assess the EEM in children compared with adults, our study provides new knowledge concerning the interaction between emotional and memory processes during development.

scholarly journals “She finds you abhorrent” - The impact of emotional context information on the cortical processing of neutral faces in depression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Iffland ◽  
Fabian Klein ◽  
Sebastian Schindler ◽  
Hanna Kley ◽  
Frank Neuner
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Context Information ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cortical Processing ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depressive Patients ◽  
Self Reference

AbstractDepression is associated with abnormalities in patterns of information processing, particularly in the context of processing of interpersonal information. The present study was designed to investigate the differences in depressive individuals in cortical processing of facial stimuli when neutral faces were presented in a context that involved information about emotional valence as well as self-reference. In 21 depressive patients and 20 healthy controls, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during the presentation of neutral facial expressions, which were accompanied by affective context information that was either self- or other-related. Across conditions, depressive patients showed larger mean P100 amplitudes than healthy controls. Furthermore, mean late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes of depressive patients were larger in response to faces in self-related than in other-related context. In addition, irrespective of self-reference, mean LPP responses of depressive patients to faces presented after socially threatening sentences were larger compared with faces presented after neutral sentences. Results regarding self-reference supported results of previous studies indicating larger mean amplitudes in self-related conditions. Findings suggest a general heightened initial responsiveness to emotional cues and a sustained emotion processing of socially threatening information in depressive patients.

scholarly journals The Impact of Proficiency on Syntactic Second-language Processing of German and Italian: Evidence from Event-related Potentials

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2030-2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Rossi ◽  
Manfred F. Gugler ◽  
Angela D. Friederici ◽  
Anja Hahne
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Word Category ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Negativity ◽  
The Impact

The present study investigated the role of proficiency in late second-language (L2) processing using comparable stimuli in German and Italian. Both sets of stimuli consisted of simple active sentences including a word category violation, a morphosyntactic agreement violation, or a combination of the two. Four experiments were conducted to study high- and low-proficiency L2 learners of German as well as high- and low-proficiency L2 learners of Italian. High-proficiency L2 learners in both languages showed the same event-related potential (ERP) components as native speakers for all syntactic violations. For the word category violation, they displayed an early anterior negativity (ELAN), an additional negativity reflecting reference-related processes, and a late P600 evidencing processes of reanalysis. For the processing of the morphosyntactic error, an anterior negativity (LAN) and a P600 were observed, whereas for the combined violation, the same ERP components were found as in the pure category violation. In high-proficiency L2 learners, the timing of the processing steps was equivalent to that of native speakers, although some amplitude differences were present. Low-proficiency L2 learners, however, showed qualitative differences in the agreement violation characterized by the absence of the LAN and quantitative differences reflected in a delayed P600 in every violation condition. These findings emphasize that with a high proficiency, late L2 learners can indeed show native-like neural responses with the timing approximating that of native speakers. This challenges the idea that there are fundamental differences in language processing in the brain between natives and late L2 learners.

scholarly journals Impaired emotion regulation in schizophrenia: evidence from event-related potentials

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2377-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Horan ◽  
G. Hajcak ◽  
J. K. Wynn ◽  
M. F. Green
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Neutral Conditions

BackgroundAlthough several aspects of emotion seem to be intact in schizophrenia, there is emerging evidence that patients show an impaired ability to adaptively regulate their emotions. This event-related potential (ERP) study examined whether schizophrenia is associated with impaired neural responses to appraisal frames, that is when negative stimuli are presented in a less negative context.MethodThirty-one schizophrenia out-patients and 27 healthy controls completed a validated picture-viewing task with three conditions: (1) neutral pictures preceded by neutral descriptions (‘Neutral’), (2) unpleasant pictures preceded by negative descriptions (‘Preappraised negative’), and (3) unpleasant pictures preceded by more neutral descriptions (‘Preappraised neutral’). Analyses focused on the late positive potential (LPP), an index of facilitated attention to emotional stimuli that is reduced following cognitive emotion regulation strategies, during four time windows from 300 to 2000 ms post-picture onset.ResultsReplicating prior studies, controls showed smaller LPP in Preappraised neutral and Neutral versus Preappraised negative conditions throughout the 300–2000-ms time period. By contrast, patients showed (a) larger LPP in Preappraised neutral and Preappraised negative versus Neutral conditions in the initial period (300–600 ms) and (b) an atypical pattern of larger LPP to Preappraised neutral versus Preappraised negative and Neutral conditions in the 600–1500-ms epochs.ConclusionsModulation of neural responses by a cognitive emotion regulation strategy seems to be impaired in schizophrenia during the first 2 s after exposure to unpleasant stimuli.

Mind Wandering and Retrieval from Episodic Memory: A Pilot Event-Related Potential Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Martin Riby ◽  
Jonathan Smallwood ◽  
Valerie P. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Strategic Processes ◽  
Related Potentials

The present study investigated the effects of mind wandering (task-unrelated thought) on the subcomponents of episodic memory as reflected by event-related potentials (ERPs). Specifically, individual differences in the pattern of ERP episodic ‘old/new’ effects (left-parietal, right-frontal and central-negativity effects) were examined across groups of participants experiencing either high or low frequencies of task-unrelated thought during encoding. Twenty participants studied lists of words and line drawings in one of two contexts (red versus green coloured boxes). At test, participants discriminated between target (old words or line drawings presented in one colour) and nontargets (old items from the other colour and new items). On completion of the memory task, participants completed the ‘thinking’ component of the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire to provide a retrospective measure of task-unrelated thought. Behavioural data indicated that irrespective of the presence of task-unrelated thought, participants were able to complete the memory task equally well. However, an analysis of ERPs across High and Low task-unrelated thought groups revealed differences in retrieval strategy. Those individuals with infrequent episodes of task-unrelated thought at study used a ‘pure’ recollection strategy (left-parietal effect only). Conversely, those participants experiencing frequent episodes of task-unrelated thought were unable to recollect the stimuli with ease, as indexed by a diminished parietal effect. As a consequence, these participants employed additional strategic processes for task completion, as indexed by an elevated amplitude of central negativity effects. These data are consistent with the decoupling hypothesis of mind wandering which suggests impaired recollection when attention becomes directed away from the task.

How the Camel Lost Its Hump: The Impact of Object Typicality on Event-related Potential Signals in Object Decision

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1338-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Hauk ◽  
K. Patterson ◽  
A. Woollams ◽  
E. Cooper-Pye ◽  
F. Pulvermüller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Typical Structure ◽  
Object Decision ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Typicality Effect ◽  
The Impact

Using an object decision task, event-related potentials (ERPs), and minimum norm current source estimates, we investigated early spatiotemporal aspects of cortical activation elicited by line drawings that were manipulated on two dimensions: authenticity and typicality. Authentic objects were those that match real-world experience, whereas nonauthentic objects were “doctored” by deletion or addition of features (e.g., a camel with its hump removed, a hammer with two handles). The main manipulation of interest for both authentic and nonauthentic objects was the degree of typicality in the object's structure: typical items are composed of parts that have tended to co-occur across many different objects in the perceiver's experience. The ERP pattern revealed a significant typicality effect at 116 msec after stimulus onset. Both atypical authentic objects (e.g., a camel with its hump) and atypical nonauthentic objects (e.g., a jackal with a hump) elicited stronger brain activation than did objects with typical structure. A significant effect of authenticity was observed at 480 msec, with stronger activation for the nonauthentic objects. The factors of typicality and authenticity interacted at 160 and 330 msec. The most prominent source of the typicality effect was the bilateral occipitotemporal cortex, whereas the interaction and the authenticity effects were mainly observed in the more anterior bilateral temporal cortex. These findings support the hypothesis that within the first few hundred milliseconds after stimulus presentation onset, visual-form-related perceptual and conceptual processes represent distinct but interacting stages in object recognition.

scholarly journals Event-Related Potentials to an English/Spanish Syllabic Contrast in Mexican 10–13-Month-Old Infants

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maritza Rivera-Gaxiola ◽  
Adrian Garcia-Sierra ◽  
Lourdes Lara-Ayala ◽  
Cesar Cadena ◽  
Donna Jackson-Maldonado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Auditory Event ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Impact

We report brain electrophysiological responses from 10- to 13-month-old Mexican infants while listening to native and foreign CV-syllable contrasts differing in Voice Onset Time (VOT). All infants showed normal auditory event-related potential (ERP) components. Our analyses showed ERP evidence that Mexican infants are capable of discriminating their native sounds as well as the acoustically salient (aspiration) foreign contrast. The study showed that experience with native language influences VOT perception in Spanish learning infants. The acoustic salience of aspiration is perceived by both Spanish and English learning infants, but exposure provides additional phonetic status to this native-language feature for English learning infants. The effects of early experience and neural commitment as well as the impact of acoustic salience are further discussed.

scholarly journals Event-Related Potential Correlates of the Retrieval of Emotional and Nonemotional Context

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam P. R. Smith ◽  
Raymond J. Dolan ◽  
Michael D. Rugg
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Recognition Memory Test ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Related Potentials

In two experiments, we examined event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited in an old/new recognition memory test by emotionally neutral visual objects that, at encoding, had been associated with neutrally, negatively, or positively valenced background contexts. In Experiment 2, subjects also judged the context in which the item had been studied. In Experiment 1, “left parietal” old/new ERP effects were elicited by correctly recognized items. Items encoded in emotional contexts, but not those studied in neutral contexts, elicited additional effects early in the recording epoch over lateral temporal scalp and, later, over left temporo-frontal scalp. In Experiment 2, “left parietal” and “right frontal” ERP effects were elicited by recognized items that attracted correct source judgments. Additional effects, an early lateral temporal positivity and a late-onset, left-sided positivity, were elicited by items studied in emotionally valenced contexts and attracting correct source judgments. Together, the findings indicate that retrieval processing is influenced by the emotional valence of the context in which an item is encoded, regardless of whether contextual information is task relevant.

scholarly journals Event-Related Potential Correlates of Valence, Arousal, and Subjective Significance in Processing of an Emotional Stroop Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil K. Imbir ◽  
Joanna Duda-Goławska ◽  
Maciej Pastwa ◽  
Marta Jankowska ◽  
Jarosław Żygierewicz
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Subjective Significance

The present study is the first to measure event-related potentials associated with the processing of the emotional Stroop task (EST) with the use of an orthogonal factorial manipulation for emotional valence, arousal, and subjective significance (the importance of the current experience for goals and plans for the future). The current study aimed to investigate concurrently the role of the three dimensions describing the emotion-laden words for interference control measured in the classical version of the EST paradigm. The results showed that reaction times were affected by the emotional valence of presented words and the interactive effect of valence and arousal. The expected emotional arousal effect was only found in behavioral results for neutrally valenced words. Electrophysiological results showed valence and subjective significance correlated with the amplitude differences in the P2 component. Moreover, the amplitude of the N450 component varied with the level of subjective significance. This study also demonstrated that exploratory event-related potential analysis provides additional information beyond the classical component-based analysis. The obtained results show that cognitive control effects in the EST may be altered by manipulation in the subjective significance dimension.

scholarly journals Facing stereotypes: ERP responses to male and female faces after gender-stereotyped statements

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 928-940
Author(s):  
Pablo Rodríguez-Gómez ◽  
Verónica Romero-Ferreiro ◽  
Miguel A Pozo ◽  
José Antonio Hinojosa ◽  
Eva M Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Salient Feature ◽  
Early Effect ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Male Stereotypes ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Despite gender is a salient feature in face recognition, the question of whether stereotyping modulates face processing remains unexplored. Event-related potentials from 40 participants (20 female) was recorded as male and female faces matched or mismatched previous gender-stereotyped statements and were compared with those elicited by faces preceded by gender-unbiased statements. We conducted linear mixed-effects models to account for possible random effects from both participants and the strength of the gender bias. The amplitude of the N170 to faces was larger following stereotyped relative to gender-unbiased statements in both male and female participants, although the effect was larger for males. This result reveals that stereotyping exerts an early effect in face processing and that the impact is higher in men. In later time windows, male faces after female-stereotyped statements elicited large late positivity potential (LPP) responses in both men and women, indicating that the violation of male stereotypes induces a post-perceptual reevaluation of a salient or conflicting event. Besides, the largest LPP amplitude in women was elicited when they encountered a female face after a female-stereotyped statement. The later result is discussed from the perspective of recent claims on the evolution of women self-identification with traditionally held female roles.

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