scholarly journals About the neurolinguistics of the implicatures: abstract of a study

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
Juliano Luís Fontanari
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
The Right

Taking into account recent data on linguistics of production and comprehension in aphasia, a protocol was executed including the several types of implicatures. The protocol was applied to 90 subjects classified according to the localization of cerebral lesions, as shown by CT. Results are discussed in report to clinical manifestations of brain lesions, as aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, and intelligence and pragmatics disturbances. Discussion supports the impression that there is a mechanism that correlates extra-linguistics contexts with the 'said' at the right hemisphere.

scholarly journals Is Lateropulsion Really Related with a Specific Lesion of the Brain?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Kyoung Lee ◽  
Sang Yoo ◽  
Eun Ji ◽  
Woo Hwang ◽  
Yeun Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Vertical Posture ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Hemisphere Stroke

Lateropulsion (pusher syndrome) is an important barrier to standing and gait after stroke. Although several studies have attempted to elucidate the relationship between brain lesions and lateropulsion, the effects of specific brain lesions on the development of lateropulsion remain unclear. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of stroke lesion location and size on lateropulsion in right hemisphere stroke patients. The present retrospective cross-sectional observational study assessed 50 right hemisphere stroke patients. Lateropulsion was diagnosed and evaluated using the Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP). Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) analysis with 3T-MRI was used to identify the culprit lesion for SCP. We also performed VLSM controlling for lesion volume as a nuisance covariate, in a multivariate model that also controlled for other factors contributing to pusher behavior. VLSM, combined with statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM), identified the specific region with SCP. Lesion size was associated with lateropulsion. The precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, insula and subgyral parietal lobe of the right hemisphere seemed to be associated with the lateropulsion; however, after adjusting for lesion volume as a nuisance covariate, no lesion areas were associated with the SCP scores. The size of the right hemisphere lesion was the only factor most strongly associated with lateropulsion in patients with stroke. These results may be useful for planning rehabilitation strategies of restoring vertical posture and understanding the pathophysiology of lateropulsion in stroke patients.

Visual Span of Apprehension in Patients with Unilateral Cerebral Lesions

1971 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Warrington ◽  
P. Rabin
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Span ◽  
Random Letter ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
The Right

The visual span of apprehension for random letter and digit sequences, approximations to English sequences and non-symbolic line stimuli was measured in patients with unilateral cerebral lesions. The left hemisphere group was significantly impaired relative to the right hemisphere group and a control group on all three types of visual span task. The deficit was most marked in patients with left posterior lesions. The visual span deficits were not related to other language deficits. The findings are discussed in terms of a modality-specific defect of visual short-term memory.

scholarly journals Is There a Causal Link between the Left Lateralization of Language and Other Brain Asymmetries? A Review of Data Gathered in Patients with Focal Brain Lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Visual Spatial Attention ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
The Right ◽  
Unilateral Brain

This review evaluated if the hypothesis of a causal link between the left lateralization of language and other brain asymmetries could be supported by a careful review of data gathered in patients with unilateral brain lesions. In a short introduction a distinction was made between brain activities that could: (a) benefit from the shaping influences of language (such as the capacity to solve non-verbal cognitive tasks and the increased levels of consciousness and of intentionality); (b) be incompatible with the properties and the shaping activities of language (e.g., the relations between language and the automatic orienting of visual-spatial attention or between cognition and emotion) and (c) be more represented on the right hemisphere due to competition for cortical space. The correspondence between predictions based on the theoretical impact of language on other brain functions and data obtained in patients with lesions of the right and left hemisphere was then assessed. The reviewed data suggest that different kinds of hemispheric asymmetries observed in patients with unilateral brain lesions could be subsumed by common mechanisms, more or less directly linked to the left lateralization of language.

scholarly journals Correction of cerebral thermal balance disruption in therapy and rehabilitation of patients with cerebral pathology

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
O A Shevelev ◽  
M V Petrova ◽  
Sh Kh Saidov ◽  
M A Chubarova ◽  
E Sh Usmanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Thermal Balance ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Cerebral Pathology ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Temperature monitoring of the brain using radiothermometric technology allows you to assess the imbalance of the thermal balance of the brain, and the technique has shown the possibility and information content of its use in the diagnosis of cerebral lesions. In healthy individuals, at rest, the average temperature of the left (36.74 ± 0.37 ° C) and the right hemisphere (36.64 ± 0.32 ° C). In boxing athletes who received "planned" minor traumatic brain injuries after training sparring, the average temperature of the left (38.4 ± 0.28 ° C) and right temperature (38.2 ± 0.45 ° C), which is significantly elevated. Patients in chronic critical conditions showed a monotonous temperature distribution in the left (36.98 ± 0.18 ° C) and right hemispheres (36.88 ± 0.21 ° C). The temperature heterogeneity of the brain in this category of patients was less pronounced compared with healthy individuals, athletes after sports head injury.

The abstraction of numerical relations: A role for the right hemisphere in arithmetic?

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAWN W. LANGDON ◽  
ELIZABETH K. WARRINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Lesion Group ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Numerical Series ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Reasoning Test ◽  
Hemisphere Lesion ◽  
Series Completion ◽  
The Right

Arithmetical reasoning ability has been investigated in a group study of patients with unilateral cerebral lesions. Two series of 38 and 39 patients, who had suffered unilateral cerebral lesions of the right and left cerebral hemisphere, respectively, were investigated. They completed a neuropsychological battery that included a test of computation (Graded Difficulty Arithmetic, GDA; Jackson & Warrington, 1986), and a new test of numerical series completion (Arithmetical Reasoning Test, ART). Whereas the left-hemisphere lesion group were markedly more impaired on the GDA compared to both the right-hemisphere lesion group and a standardization sample, both lesion groups were equally severely impaired on the ART. It is suggested that the abstraction of numerical relations, which is essential to numerical series completion, relies on the integrity of the right hemisphere. A global model of arithmetic processing that incorporates these findings is proposed. (JINS, 1997, 3, 260–268.)

Daisy, Daisy, Give Me Your Answer Do! Case Studies of Left Visual Neglect in Patients with Acute Cerebral Lesions

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Jenni A. Ogden
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Visual Neglect ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Object Based ◽  
The Right ◽  
Careful Assessment ◽  
Rehabilitation Strategies

AbstractPatients with acute brain lesions often demonstrate dramatic forms of visual neglect; however their unstable medical conditions and rapidly changing neglect make it impossible to carry out rigorous experimentation to test theories of neglect. Careful assessment of their disorders can, however, inform rehabilitation strategies, and stimulate tentative neglect hypotheses that can later be tested more rigourously on the much rarer patients who have persisting neglect. The neglect behaviours of two patients with acute lesions are described in terms of environment-centred and object-based frames of reference. TT, with a right parietal glioma, has difficulty describing unexpected details on the left sides of pictures, in contrast to SM, with a right frontal abscess, who describes pictures accurately. Both patients, however, show left-sided neglect when copying pictures. When asked to copy daisy pictures, including half daisies, TT copied half daisy heads, including half of the half daisies, but SM missed only whole daisy heads to the left of other daisies. Their different responses to these daisy pictures is tentatively explained in terms of their ability to perceive whether or not half daisies appear “ridiculous”. SM also embellished the right sides of her drawings, suggesting an interaction between this dysexecutive behaviour and neglect.

scholarly journals Right-sided brain lesions predominate among patients with lesional mania: evidence from a systematic review and pooled lesion analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bernardo Barahona-Corrêa ◽  
Gonçalo Cotovio ◽  
Rui M. Costa ◽  
Ricardo Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Velosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Mood Regulation ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Lesion Topography ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite claims that lesional mania is associated with right-hemisphere lesions, supporting evidence is scarce, and association with specific brain areas has not been demonstrated.AimsTo test whether focal brain lesions in lesional mania are more often right-than left-sided, and if lesions converge on areas relevant to mood regulation.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search (PROSPERO registration CRD42016053675) on PubMed and Web-Of-Science, using terms that reflected diagnoses and structures of interest, and lesional mechanisms. Two researchers reviewed the articles separately according to PRISMA Guidelines, to select reports of adult-onset hypomania, mania or mixed state following a focal brain lesion. When available, eligible lesion images were manually traced onto the corresponding slices of MNI space, and lesion topography analyzed using standard brain atlases. Pooled-analyses of individual patient data were performed.ResultsData from 207 lesional mania patients was extracted from 110 reports. Among patients with focal lesions (N=197) more patients had lesions involving the right (84.3%) than the left (34.5%) hemisphere. Among 54 lesion images that were available, right-sided predominance of lesions was confirmed, and found to be was conserved across multiple brain regions, including the temporal lobe, fusiform gyrus and thalamus. These, in addition to several frontal lobe areas, were also identified as preferential lesion sites in comparisons with control lesions.ConclusionsPooled-analyses, based on the most comprehensive dataset of lesional mania available to date, confirm a preferential association with right-hemisphere lesions, while suggesting that several brain areas/circuits, relevant to mood regulation, are most frequently affected.

Effects of Left and Right Cerebral Lesions on the Naming Process

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis M. Nehemkis ◽  
Peter M. Lewinsohn
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Right Hemisphere Damage ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

This experiment tested two major hypotheses: (1) Left hemisphere damage will have a more adverse effect on the naming process than on the ability to read and (2) increments in semantic interference will disrupt the performance of patients with left-hemisphere damage more than that of patients with right-hemisphere damage. Patients with left cerebral lesions consistently performed more poorly than the right-hemisphere-damage patients across all stimulus and response conditions. Aphasic lefts had more difficulty with naming than with reading. Hypothesis 2 was not supported. The findings are discussed with reference to the adequacy of the “verbal-nonverbal” dichotomy for describing functional differences between the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

Disorders of attention: a frontier in neuropsychology

1982 ◽  
Vol 298 (1089) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cerebral Dominance ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Attentional Disorders ◽  
The Right ◽  
Confusional States ◽  
Pure Agraphia

There is an extensive behavioural neurological literature on so-called unilateral attentional disorders, but a striking paucity of papers on global disorders of attention, i.e. confusional states. However, confusional states are distinctive because: (1) they are the most common disturbance of the higher functions in clinical practice, by orders of magnitude; (2) they are the only disturbance of the higher functions from which all normal subjects have suffered; (3) they have characteristic clinical manifestations; (4) they are frequently misdiagnosed as progressive dementias, aphasia, memory disorders, and psychoses; (5) they are the only disturbance of the higher functions that commonly cause patients to produce statements that appear to be extremely witty; (6) they can be readily studied experimentally; (7) they are the most common cause of unconcern with or denial of illness. There are almost certainly several different forms of confusional state depending on the aetiology, the rate of development, the age, and the anatomical systems involved, but little classification has yet been carried on. Confusional states are most simply defined as disorders in which there is a loss of the normal coherence of thought or action. Among the striking clinical features are: (1) failure to pay attention, excessive distractibility, or failure to shift attention; (2) paramnesias, i.e. distortions of memory; (3) reduplicative phenomena, ‘wild’ paraphasias with ‘propagation’ of error, alterations of mood in many different directions; (4) isolated or predominant disturbance of writing (the most common cause of pure agraphia); (5) unconcern with or denial of illness; (6) apparently playful behaviour. While confusional states are usually attributed to ‘global involvement of the brain’ as a result of metabolic or toxic disorder, there are in fact many cases produced by focal infarctions in the right hemisphere, which, in the experience of my department, is one of the commonest effects of cerebrovascular disease. Brief reference is made to the prognosis, and to the theoretical significance for cerebral dominance and the evolutionary development of cerebral dominance in non-human species.

scholarly journals Emotions and the Right Hemisphere: Editorial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1579
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Right Brain ◽  
The Right

The hypothesis assuming that the right hemisphere may play a critical role in emotional processing was raised by clinical data which showed that patients with right brain lesions often show abnormal patterns of emotional behavior [...]

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