scholarly journals Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Psychotherapy in Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Viewpoint

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa Chalah ◽  
Samar Ayache
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
Sham Intervention ◽  
New Treatments

Among the most prevalent psychiatric conditions stand anxiety and depression. Psychotherapy and medications are considered effective treatments in these clinical settings. However, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy (i.e., cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)) administered in monotherapy or in a combined regimen do not result in satisfactory outcomes in all patients. Therefore, finding new treatments would be of great help. In the last three decades, noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has emerged as a safe tool to improve several neuropsychiatric symptoms. The following work revisits the available reports that assessed the add-on value of NIBS techniques when combined to psychotherapy (CBT or related interventions) in mood and anxiety disorders. The available protocols targeted the prefrontal cortex, a region that was previously found to have an enhanced activity or functional connectivity after psychotherapeutic interventions. Promising yet scarce evidence exists on this matter. A discrepancy exists among the available reports regarding the type and duration of interventions, the patients’ clinical profiles, and the presence of a sham intervention. NIBS may have acted by enhancing psychotherapy effects on the top-down cognitive control of emotions. Combining both therapies may result in promising effects, but future large-scale trials are needed to judge the utility of this combination in psychiatric populations.

scholarly journals Understanding diaschisis models of attention dysfunction with rTMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier O. Garcia ◽  
Lorella Battelli ◽  
Ela Plow ◽  
Zaira Cattaneo ◽  
Jean Vettel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Attention Dysfunction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Visual attentive tracking requires a balance of excitation and inhibition across large-scale frontoparietal cortical networks. Using methods borrowed from network science, we characterize the induced changes in network dynamics following low frequency (1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as an inhibitory noninvasive brain stimulation protocol delivered over the intraparietal sulcus. When participants engaged in visual tracking, we observed a highly stable network configuration of six distinct communities, each with characteristic properties in node dynamics. Stimulation to parietal cortex had no significant impact on the dynamics of the parietal community, which already exhibited increased flexibility and promiscuity relative to the other communities. The impact of rTMS, however, was apparent distal from the stimulation site in lateral prefrontal cortex. rTMS temporarily induced stronger allegiance within and between nodal motifs (increased recruitment and integration) in dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, which returned to baseline levels within 15 min. These findings illustrate the distributed nature by which inhibitory rTMS perturbs network communities and is preliminary evidence for downstream cortical interactions when using noninvasive brain stimulation for behavioral augmentations.

scholarly journals Locations for noninvasive brain stimulation in treating depressive disorders: A combination of meta-analysis and resting-state functional connectivity analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binlong Zhang ◽  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Tuya Bao ◽  
Georgia Wilson ◽  
Joel Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Objective: Many noninvasive brain stimulation techniques have been applied to treat depressive disorders. However, the target brain region in most noninvasive brain stimulation studies is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Exploring new stimulation locations may improve the efficacy of noninvasive brain stimulation for depressive disorders. We aimed to explore potential noninvasive brain stimulation locations for depressive disorders through a meta-analysis and a functional connectivity approach. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of 395 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies to identify depressive disorder–associated brain regions as regions of interest. Then, we ran resting-state functional connectivity analysis with three different pipelines in 40 depression patients to find brain surface regions correlated with these regions of interest. The 10–20 system coordinates corresponding to these brain surface regions were considered as potential locations for noninvasive brain stimulation. Results: The 10–20 system coordinates corresponding to the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, bilateral supramarginal gyrus, bilateral primary motor cortex, bilateral operculum, left angular gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus were identified as potential locations for noninvasive brain stimulation in depressive disorders. The coordinates were: posterior to F3, posterior to F4, superior to F3, posterior to F7, anterior to C4, P3, midpoint of F7–T3, posterior to F8, anterior to C3, midpoint of Fz–Cz, midpoint of Fz–Fp1, anterior to T4, midpoint of C3–P3, and anterior to C4. Conclusion: Our study identified several potential noninvasive brain stimulation locations for depressive disorders, which may serve as a basis for future clinical investigations.

Convergent Causal Mapping of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Using Invasive Brain Stimulation, Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, and Lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. S99-S100
Author(s):  
Shan Siddiqi ◽  
Frederic Schaper ◽  
Andreas Horn ◽  
Joey Hsu ◽  
Jaya Padmanabhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Causal Mapping

scholarly journals The physiological effects of noninvasive brain stimulation fundamentally differ across the human cortex

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. eaay2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Castrillon ◽  
Nico Sollmann ◽  
Katarzyna Kurcyus ◽  
Adeel Razi ◽  
Sandro M. Krieg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Biophysical Modeling ◽  
Network Parameter ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Local Inhibition

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method to modulate brain activity and behavior in humans. Still, stimulation effects substantially vary across studies and individuals, thereby restricting the large-scale application of TMS in research or clinical settings. We revealed that low-frequency stimulation had opposite impact on the functional connectivity of sensory and cognitive brain regions. Biophysical modeling then identified a neuronal mechanism underlying these region-specific effects. Stimulation of the frontal cortex decreased local inhibition and disrupted feedforward and feedback connections. Conversely, identical stimulation increased local inhibition and enhanced forward signaling in the occipital cortex. Last, we identified functional integration as a macroscale network parameter to predict the region-specific effect of stimulation in individual subjects. In summary, we revealed how TMS modulation critically depends on the connectivity profile of target regions and propose an imaging marker to improve sensitivity of noninvasive brain stimulation for research and clinical applications.

scholarly journals New Treatment Strategies of Depression: Based on Mechanisms Related to Neuroplasticity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jhen Huang ◽  
Hsien-Yuan Lane ◽  
Chieh-Hsin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Nmda Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Seizure Therapy ◽  
New Treatment

Major depressive disorder is a severe and complex mental disorder. Impaired neurotransmission and disrupted signalling pathways may influence neuroplasticity, which is involved in the brain dysfunction in depression. Traditional neurobiological theories of depression, such as monoamine hypothesis, cannot fully explain the whole picture of depressive disorders. In this review, we discussed new treatment directions of depression, including modulation of glutamatergic system and noninvasive brain stimulation. Dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission plays an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has rapid and lasting antidepressive effects in previous studies. In addition to ketamine, other glutamatergic modulators, such as sarcosine, also show potential antidepressant effect in animal models or clinical trials. Noninvasive brain stimulation is another new treatment strategy beyond pharmacotherapy. Growing evidence has demonstrated that superficial brain stimulations, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, cranial electrotherapy stimulation, and magnetic seizure therapy, can improve depressive symptoms. The antidepressive effect of these brain stimulations may be through modulating neuroplasticity. In conclusion, drugs that modulate neurotransmission via NMDA receptor and noninvasive brain stimulation may provide new directions of treatment for depression. Furthermore, exploring the underlying mechanisms will help in developing novel therapies for depression in the future.

scholarly journals Noninvasive brain stimulation in combination with psychotherapy for anxiety disorders. A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Practice

Background: Although anxiety disorders can be treated very well with cognitive behavioral therapy, there are some patients who are not yet optimally benefiting from the therapy. In recent years, noninvasive brain stimulation methods have been studied as an add-on to psychotherapy.Objectives. Is there sufficient evidence for the use of noninvasive brain stimulation in the psychotherapy of anxiety disorders?Methods. A systematic review of previous therapy studies reviewing noninvasive brain stimulation in cognitive behavioral therapy of anxiety disorders.Results. In total, only 4 randomized controlled therapeutic trials could be found and were analyzed. These studies used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) shortly before or during exposure-based behavioral therapy. The use of active stimulation compared to placebo stimulation shows a positive additional effect in the medium range.Conclusions. Initial work shows an additional benefit of rTMS in cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of anxiety disorders. However, further studies must show which exact stimulation parameters are best suited to make a recommendation for the treatment practice

Psychosomatic Features, Compliance and Complementary Therapies in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Rostislav A. Grekhov ◽  
Galina P. Suleimanova ◽  
Andrei S. Trofimenko ◽  
Liudmila N. Shilova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion ◽  
The Impact

This review highlights the issue of psychosomatic conditions in rheumatoid arthritis, paying special attention to new researches and trends in this field. Emerging concepts in all the major parts of the problem are covered consecutively, from the impact of chronic musculoskeletal pain on the emotional state to disease influence over quality of life, socio-psychological, and interpersonal relationships. Chronic pain is closely related to emotional responses and coping ability, with a pronounced positive effect of psychotherapeutic interventions, family and social support on it. Psychosexual disorders, anxiety, depression also commonly coexist with rheumatoid arthritis, leading to further decrease in quality of life, low compliance, and high suicide risk. Influence of psychosomatic conditions on the overall treatment effect is usually underestimated by rheumatologists and general practitioners. Psychosomatic considerations are of great importance for up-to-date management of rheumatoid arthritis, as they strongly influence the quality of life, compliance, and thereby disease outcomes. Two major approaches of psychological rehabilitation exist, both coping with pain through the regulation of emotion and psychotherapeutic intervention, which not only helps patients in coping with the disease, but also aimed at improving the overall adaptation of the patient. It includes techniques of relaxation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and biofeedback therapy. Current data about the efficacy of the additional correcting therapies for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, both emerging and common ones, are discussed in the review.

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