scholarly journals Development of Side Mold Control Equipment for Producing Free-Form Concrete Panels

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Jiyeong Yun ◽  
Kyeongtae Jeong ◽  
Jongyoung Youn ◽  
Donghoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Side Length ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Concrete Panels ◽  
Control Equipment ◽  
Sustainable Operation ◽  
Precise Shape ◽  
The Many

Free-form concrete panel production requires an increasing amount of manpower because the molds cannot be reused. There are many limitations when it comes to reproducing accurate forms due to the many manual processes. Therefore, the current study developed side mold control equipment that can automatically fabricate molds for free-form concrete panels. The equipment is capable of molding various shapes and sustainable operation. However, there may be errors as it automatically produces various shapes. Therefore, it is necessary to check the errors between manufactured shapes and designed shapes. The shape created using the side mold control equipment showed less than 0.1° error in side angle and ±3 mm error in side length. Therefore, the equipment manufactured a precise shape. Based on the findings of the study, the side mold control equipment will be used to produce accurate shape of free-form concrete panels automatically.

Developments in Pipeline Instrumentation

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Furness
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Control Equipment ◽  
Pipeline Monitoring ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cost ◽  
New Generation ◽  
And Control

Pipelines are an integral part of the world's economy and literally billions of pounds worth of fluids are moved each year in pipelines of varying lengths and diameters. As the cost of some of these fluids and the price of moving them has increased, so the need to measure the flows more accurately and control and operate the line more effectively has arisen. Instrumentation and control equipment has developed steadily in the past decade but not as fast as the computers and microprocessors that are now a part of most large scale pipeline systems. It is the interfacing of the new generation of digital and sometimes ‘intelligent’ instrumentation with smaller and more powerful computers that has led to a quiet but rapid revolution in pipeline monitoring and control. This paper looks at the more significant developments from the many that have appeared in the past few years and attempts to project future trends in the industry for the next decade.

scholarly journals Development of 3D Concrete Extrusion Nozzle for Producing Free-form Concrete Panels

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-436
Author(s):  
Ji-Yeong, Yun Et.al
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Construction Automation ◽  
Concrete Panels ◽  
Opening And Closing

There has been an increase in demand for free-form building through the development of advanced technologies, and the fourth industrial revolution has become a worldwide trend, thereby changing the construction industry. In particular, in the case of the free-form architecture sector, development of 3D printing technologies has been ongoing for construction automation. According to such trends, this study develops an FCP production equipment using 3D printing technologies. The FCP production equipment in this study is made up of mould equipment and 3D printer. It is different from existing 3D printing technologies so in this study 3D concrete extrusion nozzle must be developed for producing FCP. Basic design suitable to such requirements is proposed.  Applicability of the proposed design is checked and the nozzle form is concretized to draft the final drawing. In this study, slit-type opening and closing device for accurate extrusion stoppage of concrete and screw-type nozzle for adjusting pressure and extrusion speed were applied for the nozzle. This is expected to be innovative technology for the FCP production sector.

scholarly journals A SOLUTION OF SUBORDINATE VERTICES FOR QUALITY CONNECTIONS OF EXTERNAL FREE-FORM CONCRETE PANELS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-409
Author(s):  
Jeeyoung Lim ◽  
Seunghyun Son ◽  
Do Yeong Kim ◽  
Heni Fitriani ◽  
Sunkuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Junction Point ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Concrete Panels ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced

3D-designs of free-form buildings are developed using a computer due to difficulty of shape implementation. When producing free-form concrete panel (FCP) using materials such as GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete), engineers or manufacturers should precisely calculate the offset value or geometry of each member at the junction point of three or more FCPs before it is constructed. However, it is difficult to calculate offset geometry easily and quickly, and no research has been conducted on this topic. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to develop a solution of subordinate vertices for quality connections of external free-form concrete panels. The developed mathematical solutions practically support the production of FCPs with precise installation to ensure aesthetic quality of the building. This paper academically contributes to the automatic creation of joint details of FCPs implemented by BIM.

Predicting production time of free-form concrete panels using 3D plastering technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 103327
Author(s):  
Seunghyun Son ◽  
Doyeong Kim ◽  
Kiyoung Son ◽  
Sunkuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Free Form ◽  
Production Time ◽  
Concrete Panels

Planning algorithms for in-situ production of free-form concrete panels

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seunghyun Son ◽  
Jeeyoung Lim ◽  
Sunkuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Free Form ◽  
Concrete Panels ◽  
Planning Algorithms ◽  
In Situ Production

scholarly journals Hydrogen-bonding synthons in lamotrigine salts: 3,5-diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazin-2-ium 2-[(2-carboxyphenyl)disulfanyl]benzoate in its monohydrate and anhydrous forms

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 910-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Freire ◽  
Griselda Polla ◽  
Ricardo Baggio
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Solvent Water ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
The Many ◽  
Poor Absorption

Lamotrigine is a drug used in the treatment of epilepsy and related convulsive diseases. The drug in its free form is rather inadequate for pharmacological use due to poor absorption by the patient, which limits its bioavailability. On the other hand, the lamotrigine molecule is an excellent hydrogen-bonding agent and this has been exploited intensively in the search for better formulations. The formulation presently commercialized (under the brand name Lamictal) is rather complex and includes a number of anions in addition to the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The title salts of lamotrigine, namely 3,5-diamino-6-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazin-2-ium 2-[(2-carboxyphenyl)disulfanyl]benzoate monohydrate, C9H8Cl2N5+·C14H9O4S2−·H2O, (I), and the anhydrate, C9H8Cl2N5+·C14H9O4S2−, (II), contain a lamotriginium cation (L), a hydrogen dithiodibenzoate monoanion (D) and, in the case of (I), a disordered solvent water molecule. BothLandDpresent their usual configurations severely twisted around their central C—C and S—S bonds, respectively. The supramolecular structure generated by the many available donor and acceptor sites is characterized by a planar antisymmetric motif of the formD–L–L–D,i.e.the structural building block. Although this characteristic motif is extremely similar in both structures, its conformation involves different donors and acceptors in itsR22(8) centralL–Lhomosynthon. The lateralR22(8)D–Lheterosynthons are, on the other hand, identical. These substructures are further connected by strong hydrogen bonds into broad two-dimensional structures, in turn weakly linked to each other. Even if the homo- and heterosynthons in (I) and (II) are rather frequent in lamotrigine structural chemistry, the composite tetrameric synthon appears to be much less common. The occurrence of these motifs among lamotrigine salts and cocrystals is analyzed.

scholarly journals Energy and CO2 Reduction of Aluminum Powder Molds for Producing Free-Form Concrete Panels

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9613
Author(s):  
Donghoon Lee ◽  
Sunkuk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Aluminum Powder ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Repeated Heating ◽  
Concrete Panels ◽  
Reduction Effect

Free-form design may enhance the architectural value of buildings in terms of aesthetic and symbolic effects. However, it is difficult to reuse the mold of free-form concrete segments, so they are manufactured for single use. Manufacturing these molds is a time-consuming process that requires a lot of manpower. To solve these problems, there have been numerous studies on the use of phase change materials (PCMs) to make the molds. PCM molds represent a new technique of producing free-form panels using a computerized numeric control (CNC) machine that employs low-cost material to produce free-form concrete panels. However, PCM molds require a substantial amount of time and energy during fabrication because repeated heating and cooling cycles are required during panel production, and this process increases the CO2 emissions. Thus, the purposes of this study were to develop composite molds using aluminum powder to improve PCM mold performance and to conduct experiments to quantify the reduction of energy use and CO2 emissions. As a result of cooling experiments, it was found that the aluminum powder mold had an energy reduction effect of 14.3% against the PCM mold that had been produced only with paraffin wax, and CO2 reduction effect of more than 50% against the conventional mold.

scholarly journals Development of Sustainable Production Technology of Free-Form Concrete Panels Using a Multi-Point Press CNC Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1990
Author(s):  
Sunkuk Kim ◽  
Seunghyun Son ◽  
Donghoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Silicon Plate ◽  
Shape Accuracy ◽  
Concrete Panels ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Concrete Materials

Maintaining shape accuracy in the production of concrete panels of free-form buildings is time-consuming and costly. In addition, disposable molds used for free-form panels are not sustainable. Such problems can be solved by developing a suitable computerized numeric control (CNC) machine that can produce an accurately shaped reusable form for free-form concrete materials in a short period of time. This project develops a production technology of quality free-form concrete panels using a CNC machine and verifies the shape quality through an experiment. We designed a multi-point press CNC machine and verified its quality. The CNC machine implements a smooth free-form shape by changing the shape of the silicon plate by movement of the rods. The silicone plate for the CNC machine generates a slight error due to the elastic cover and mechanical clearance. The mean error rate was within 3%, based on the thickness of the panels, at the 95% confidence level. Verification of these errors will provide meaningful information to a similar type of machine development. In addition, the project results will be helpful in technological development for the production of free-form concrete panels of uniform quality, whose shape accuracy is not influenced by the skills and competence of the workers producing the panels.

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