scholarly journals Adrenergic Signaling in Immunotherapy of Cancer: Friend or Foe?

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Agnete Witness Praest Jensen ◽  
Ana Micaela Carnaz Simões ◽  
Per thor Straten ◽  
Gitte Holmen Olofsson
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Western World ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Cancer Models ◽  
Immunotherapy Of Cancer ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
Clinical Potential ◽  
Β Adrenergic Receptors

The incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide, which is to a large extent related to the population’s increasing lifespan. However, lifestyle changes in the Western world are causative as well. Exercise is intrinsically associated with what one could call a “healthy life”, and physical activity is associated with a lower risk of various types of cancer. Mouse models of exercise have shown therapeutic efficacy across numerous cancer models, at least in part due to the secretion of adrenaline, which mobilizes cells of the immune system, i.e., cytotoxic T and natural killer (NK) cells, through signaling of the β-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR). Clinical trials aiming to investigate the clinical value of exercise are ongoing. Strikingly, however, the use of β-blockers—antagonists of the very same signaling pathway—also shows signs of clinical potential in cancer therapy. Cancer cells also express β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) and signaling of the receptor is oncogenic. Moreover, there are data to suggest that β2AR signaling in T cells renders the cell functionally suppressed. In this paper, we discuss these seemingly opposing mechanisms of cancer therapy—exercise, which leads to increased β2AR signaling, and β-blocker treatment, which antagonizes that same signaling—and suggest potential mechanisms and possibilities for their combination.

scholarly journals 3D Bioprinted cancer models: Revolutionizing personalized cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 101015
Author(s):  
Robin Augustine ◽  
Sumama Nuthana Kalva ◽  
Rashid Ahmad ◽  
Alap Ali Zahid ◽  
Shajia Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Models ◽  
Personalized Cancer Therapy ◽  
Personalized Cancer

Cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy

2010 ◽  
pp. 396-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Chabner ◽  
Jay Loeffler
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Western World ◽  
Targeted Drugs ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Late Stage Disease ◽  
Extended Survival

The last two decades have brought significant improvements in cancer therapy: patients with previously fatal diseases, including acute leukaemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease, and germ cell tumours, now have a high expectation of cure. For patients with the more common solid tumours, including lung, colon, and breast cancer, new chemotherapeutic and hormonal agents, molecularly targeted drugs, and monoclonal antibodies have improved treatment of both early and late stage disease and have extended survival. Nevertheless, cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the Western world, and nearly one third of patients diagnosed with cancer will die of their disease....

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9 for Cancer Therapy: Hopes and Challenges

Biomedicines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Martinez-Lage ◽  
Pilar Puig-Serra ◽  
Pablo Menendez ◽  
Raul Torres-Ruiz ◽  
Sandra Rodriguez-Perales
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Chemical Genetic ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapeutic ◽  
Clinical Potential

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and remains a major economic and social burden. Although our understanding of cancer at the molecular level continues to improve, more effort is needed to develop new therapeutic tools and approaches exploiting these advances. Because of its high efficiency and accuracy, the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technique has recently emerged as a potentially powerful tool in the arsenal of cancer therapy. Among its many applications, CRISPR-Cas9 has shown an unprecedented clinical potential to discover novel targets for cancer therapy and to dissect chemical-genetic interactions, providing insight into how tumours respond to drug treatment. Moreover, CRISPR-Cas9 can be employed to rapidly engineer immune cells and oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapeutic applications. Perhaps more importantly, the ability of CRISPR-Cas9 to accurately edit genes, not only in cell culture models and model organisms but also in humans, allows its use in therapeutic explorations. In this review, we discuss important considerations for the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in therapeutic settings and major challenges that will need to be addressed prior to its clinical translation for a complex and polygenic disease such as cancer.

scholarly journals Thermally triggered theranostics for pancreatic cancer therapy

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (34) ◽  
pp. 12735-12745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Malekigorji ◽  
Mohanad Alfahad ◽  
Paul Kong Thoo Lin ◽  
Stefanie Jones ◽  
Anthony Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Nanoparticle Surface ◽  
Cancer Models ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticle ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Therapy ◽  
Thermally Triggered

Heat initiated drug release from a hybrid nanoparticle surface after laser irradiation in pancreatic cancer models.

scholarly journals Difficult patient. Management of resistant constipation

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Sas ◽  
V. В. Grinevich
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Difficult Patient ◽  
Sodium Picosulfate

Just like the vast majority of diseases, constipation is now associated with civilization and urbanization. According to epidemiological data, up to 30% of the adult population of economically developed countries suffer from this nosology, among which women predominate. It is known that only one of four patients suffering from stool retention visit a specialist. The rest confine themselves to the advice of friends, reading of popular medical literature or consulting a pharmacist at the pharmacy. Thus, only 25% of our patients receive medical care (we cannot talk about quality, nevertheless, the care is medical), and 75%, as a rule, only periodically try to set off this condition. Constipation is dangerous as it may cause the development of complications: secondary colitis, proctosigmoiditis, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, paraproctitis and the most threatening disease – colorectal cancer. Therapy for constipation should first begin with lifestyle changes. The irritating agents that enhance secretion are the drugs that are most frequently used, because they very quickly and reliably achieve the effect. Thus, among the most commonly used and effective ones are sodium picosulfate (Regulax®) preparations.

Influence of nanoparticle shapes on cellular uptake of paclitaxel loaded nanoparticles in 2D and 3D cancer models

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (21) ◽  
pp. 3317-3326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiacheng Zhao ◽  
Hongxu Lu ◽  
Sandy Wong ◽  
Mingxia Lu ◽  
Pu Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Cancer Models ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Nanoparticle Shapes

Enhanced cellular uptake and efficient penetration of nanocarriers inside tumors is paramount to successful anti-cancer therapy.

scholarly journals TRAIL: not just for tumors anymore?

2012 ◽  
Vol 209 (11) ◽  
pp. 1903-1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. Benedict ◽  
Carl F. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Clinical Potential ◽  
Trail Signaling

Since the discovery of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its network of receptors, the majority of attention has focused on the clinical potential of manipulating this pathway in cancer therapy. However, the widespread expression of TRAIL under inflammatory conditions and the ability to induce both apoptotic and prosurvival signaling pathways has suggested that TRAIL plays broader roles in regulating immune processes. Two new studies now show that expression of TRAIL by neutrophils in the lung facilitates defenses against bacterial pathogens, whereas expression of TRAIL by cells within arterioles exacerbates vascular disease. These differentiating results highlight that the context of TRAIL signaling can determine whether the outcome is beneficial or pathogenic for the host.

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