Cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy

2010 ◽  
pp. 396-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Chabner ◽  
Jay Loeffler
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Western World ◽  
Targeted Drugs ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Late Stage Disease ◽  
Extended Survival

The last two decades have brought significant improvements in cancer therapy: patients with previously fatal diseases, including acute leukaemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease, and germ cell tumours, now have a high expectation of cure. For patients with the more common solid tumours, including lung, colon, and breast cancer, new chemotherapeutic and hormonal agents, molecularly targeted drugs, and monoclonal antibodies have improved treatment of both early and late stage disease and have extended survival. Nevertheless, cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the Western world, and nearly one third of patients diagnosed with cancer will die of their disease....

Receipt of Screening Mammography by Insured Women Diagnosed With Breast Cancer and Impact on Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa B. Lawson ◽  
Christoph I. Lee ◽  
Daniel S. Hippe ◽  
Shasank Chennupati ◽  
Catherine R. Fedorenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Screening Mammography ◽  
Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽  
Tumor Characteristics ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Late Stage Disease

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with receipt of screening mammography by insured women before breast cancer diagnosis, and subsequent outcomes. Patients and Methods: Using claims data from commercial and federal payers linked to a regional SEER registry, we identified women diagnosed with breast cancer from 2007 to 2017 and determined receipt of screening mammography within 1 year before diagnosis. We obtained patient and tumor characteristics from the SEER registry and assigned each woman a socioeconomic deprivation score based on residential address. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of patient and tumor characteristics with late-stage disease and nonreceipt of mammography. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to identify predictors of subsequent mortality. Results: Among 7,047 women, 69% (n=4,853) received screening mammography before breast cancer diagnosis. Compared with women who received mammography, those with no mammography had a higher proportion of late-stage disease (34% vs 10%) and higher 5-year mortality (18% vs 6%). In multivariable modeling, late-stage disease was most associated with nonreceipt of mammography (odds ratio [OR], 4.35; 95% CI, 3.80–4.98). The Cox model indicated that nonreceipt of mammography predicted increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.00; 95% CI, 1.64–2.43), independent of late-stage disease at diagnosis (HR, 5.00; 95% CI, 4.10–6.10), Charlson comorbidity index score ≥1 (HR, 2.75; 95% CI, 2.26–3.34), and negative estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status (HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.67–2.61). Nonreceipt of mammography was associated with younger age (40–49 vs 50–59 years; OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.45–1.96) and increased socioeconomic deprivation (OR, 1.05 per decile increase; 95% CI, 1.03–1.07). Conclusions: In a cohort of insured women diagnosed with breast cancer, nonreceipt of screening mammography was significantly associated with late-stage disease and mortality, suggesting that interventions to further increase uptake of screening mammography may improve breast cancer outcomes.

scholarly journals Targeting the Hippo Pathway for Breast Cancer Therapy

Cancers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqing Wu ◽  
Xiaolong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Hippo Pathway ◽  
Targeted Drugs ◽  
Breast Cancer Therapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Hippo Pathway

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prominent diseases in the world, and the treatments for BC have many limitations, such as resistance and a lack of reliable biomarkers. Currently the Hippo pathway is emerging as a tumor suppressor pathway with its four core components that regulate downstream transcriptional targets. In this review, we introduce the present targeted therapies of BC, and then discuss the roles of the Hippo pathway in BC. Finally, we summarize the evidence of the small molecule inhibitors that target the Hippo pathway, and then discuss the possibilities and future direction of the Hippo-targeted drugs for BC therapy.

Women from non-English speaking backgrounds living in Australia present with later stage breast cancer: A population study

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 17043-17043
Author(s):  
C. K. Lee ◽  
L. Browne ◽  
P. Bastick ◽  
W. Liauw
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Breast Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Late Stage Disease ◽  
English Speaking

17043 Background: Ethnicity may influence both the incidence and prognosis of breast cancer. We have conducted an analysis to determine if women from non-English speaking backgrounds (NESB) living in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, present with later stage breast cancer compared to women from English speaking backgrounds (ESB); and to determine whether there is an impact on their survival. Methods: Data from the NSW Cancer Registry (1980 to 2004) was used to identify women with their first presentation of breast cancer. Stage of breast cancer was classified as early (insitu or localized) versus late (regional nodal or distant metastatic spread) according to registry definitions. Country of birth was used as a surrogate for language status. Stage at diagnosis was compared between ESB versus NESB women. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds of late stage disease and Cox regression to determine survival outcomes Results: 60,676 of 75,583 cases were considered suitable for analysis. Of these 16.64% were NESB. Accounting for potential confounding variables, NESB women were more likely to have late stage disease than ESB women (OR= 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.17). Analysis by geographical region of birth revealed women born in Middle Eastern region were most likely to have late stage disease at presentation (OR 1.41; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.60). In multivariable analysis of all-cause mortality NESB women had a superior overall survival (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.87 to 0.94) compared to ESB women, however, there was no difference in breast cancer specific survival between these groups by univariate analysis (logrank p=0.46). Conclusions: In New South Wales, Australia, NESB women have a delayed presentation with breast cancer as indicted by more advanced stage. However, stage-adjusted, breast cancer specific survival in NESB women is similar to the ESB women. Further studies are required to determine the reasons for delayed detection for NESB women. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Recent Progress and Development of Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasis Das ◽  
Jian Hong
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Targeted Drugs ◽  
Breast Cancer Therapy ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Treat Breast Cancer

Breast cancer, the most common health burden to women globally, is considered a major cause of death for women every year. Many signal transduction pathways can cause breast cancer. The kinase inhibitors can interrupt the signaling pathways, minimize tumor growth and consequently cure the disease. The scientists have discovered many kinase inhibitors as targeted drugs for breast cancer. In recent years, the inhibitors of EGFR, HER2, VEGFR, PI3K, CDK4/6, PARP and hormone receptor have been studied well for curing breast cancer. The FDA has approved a few kinase drugs such as trastuzumab, lapatinib, neratinib, palbociclib, abemaciclib, alpelisib to treat breast cancer recently. In this review, we summarized the latest development of kinase inhibitors as breast cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Obesity and Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma: Underlying Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Fairhurst ◽  
Richard Owen
Keyword(s):  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Western World ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Stage Disease ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OA) in the Western World has drastically increased by almost 400% in the last 30 years, making it the 8th most common cancer in the World. This cancer normally presents in late-stage disease meaning that therapeutic options are limited. Given this, identification of modifiable predisposing factors is crucial in order that therapeutic intervention can be targeted correctly.  In the present case report, we describe the case of a 59 year-old woman diagnosed with T2 oesophageal adenocarcinoma on a background of BMI 49 and few other predisposing co-morbidities. This case highlights the difficulty in identfying causal relationships between obesity and oesophageal adnocarcinoma, and the limitations this brings to managing cases in practice. Further evidence is needed to define the pathophysiology of the disease as well as potential predisposing factors which can be targeted therapeutically to mitigate against disease development and progression. 

The impact of COVID-19 on breast cancer stage at diagnosis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 528-528
Author(s):  
Maxwell Roger Lloyd ◽  
Sarah Jo Stephens ◽  
Julian C. Hong ◽  
Ted A. James ◽  
Tejas Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Control Cohort ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Late Stage Disease ◽  
The Impact

528 Background: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, routine screening mammography (SM) was stopped and diagnostic mammography (DM) was limited for several months across the United States in order to reduce patient exposure and redeploy medical personnel. We hypothesized that this delay would result in patients presenting with later-stage disease following the initial shutdown. Methods: Patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancers from 2016-2020 were identified using the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Cancer Registry. Baseline patient characteristics, demographics, and clinical information were gathered and cross-referenced with our electronic medical record. Late-stage disease was defined as initial anatomic stage III-IV disease in the AJCC 8th edition staging system. The control cohort consisted of patients diagnosed from 2016-2019; patients diagnosed in 2020 were the test cohort. Chi-squared analysis was used to compare monthly distributions in stage at diagnosis between the control and test cohorts. Multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model. Results: There were 1597 patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2016-2019 and 333 in 2020. Median age at diagnosis was 60 years; 99% were female, and 69.1% were white. Mammography was limited from 3/16/20-6/8/20, with 90% reduction in volume during this time. The number of screening studies performed in March, April, May, and June of 2020 were 987, 1, 4, and 721 compared to 2042, 2141, 2241, and 2142 in 2019. The volume of new diagnoses per month decreased substantially during the shutdown (see table). The proportion of patients diagnosed with late-stage disease was 6.6% in the control cohort compared to 12.6% in the 2020 test cohort (p < 0.001); 92.9% of late-stage diagnoses in 2020 occurred from June to December following the shutdown period. On multivariate analysis, year of diagnosis (2020 vs 2016-2019; OR = 4.25 95% CI 0.035-0.095, p < 0.001), lower income (<200% of the federal poverty level; OR = 2.73 95% CI 0.016-0.099, p = 0.006) and increased Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR = 12.01 95% CI 0.037-0.052, p < 0.001) were associated with later stage at diagnosis. Conclusions: Patients were more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage breast cancer following the global shutdown due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Patients with lower income and medical comorbidities were disproportionately affected. These data raise significant concerns regarding the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on cancer diagnoses and long-term outcomes, especially in vulnerable patient populations.[Table: see text]

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document