Advances in Functional Imaging of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

The present review provides a description of recent advances in the field of functional imaging that takes advantage of the functional characteristics of thyroid neoplastic cells (such as radioiodine uptake and FDG uptake) and theragnostic approach of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Physical and biological characteristics of available radiopharmaceuticals and their use with state-of-the-art technologies for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of DTC patients are depicted. Radioactive iodine is used mostly with a therapeutic intent, while PET/CT with 18F-FDG emerges as a useful tool in the diagnostic management and complements the use of radioactive iodine. Beyond 18F-FDG PET/CT, other tracers including 124I, 18F-TFB and 68Ga-PSMA, and new methods such as PET/MR, might offer new opportunities in selecting patients with DTC for specific imaging modalities or treatments.

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Early Predictive Response to Multi-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Advanced Refractory Radioactive-Iodine Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A New Challenge for [18F]FDG PET/CT

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11081417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1417

Author(s):

Cristina Ferrari ◽

Giulia Santo ◽

Rossella Ruta ◽

Valentina Lavelli ◽

Dino Rubini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Tyrosine Kinase ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽

Radioactive Iodine ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Pet Ct ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Fdg Pet Ct ◽

Predictive Response

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) represents the most common thyroid cancer histotype. Generally, it exhibits a good prognosis after conventional treatments; nevertheless, about 20% of patients can develop a local recurrence and/or distant metastasis. In one-third of advanced DTC, the metastatic lesions lose the ability to take up iodine and become radioactive iodine-refractory (RAI-R) DTC. In this set of patients, the possibility to perform localized treatments should always be taken into consideration before the initiation of systemic therapy. In the last decade, some multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (MKI) drugs were approved for advanced DTC, impacting on patient’s survival rate, but at the same time, these therapies have been associated with several adverse events. In this clinical context, the role of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT) in the early treatment response to these innovative therapies was investigated, in order to assess the potentiality of this diagnostic tool in the early recognition of non-responders, avoiding unnecessary therapy. Herein, we aimed to present a critical overview about the reliability of [18F]FDG PET/CT in the early predictive response to MKIs in advanced differentiated thyroid cancer.

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The role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the follow-up of well-differentiated thyroid cancer with negative thyroglobulin but positive and/or elevated antithyroglobulin antibody

Nuclear Medicine Communications ◽

10.1097/mnm.0000000000000480 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 577-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yiyan Liu

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽

Antithyroglobulin Antibody ◽

Pet Ct ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Well Differentiated ◽

Fdg Pet Ct

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[68Ga]DOTATATE PET/MRI and [18F]FDG PET/CT are complementary and superior to diffusion-weighted MR imaging for radioactive-iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging ◽

10.1007/s00259-016-3378-5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (10) ◽

pp. 1765-1772 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alexis Vrachimis ◽

Lars Stegger ◽

Christian Wenning ◽

Benjamin Noto ◽

Matthias Christian Burg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Mr Imaging ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Differentiated Thyroid Cancer ◽

Radioactive Iodine ◽

Diffusion Weighted ◽

Pet Ct ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Fdg Pet Ct

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Tumor Heterogenity in Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasia

Endocrines ◽

10.3390/endocrines2010003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 28-36

Author(s):

Ludovica Magi ◽

Maria Rinzivillo ◽

Francesco Panzuto

Keyword(s):

Functional Imaging ◽

Clinical Heterogeneity ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Prognostic Role ◽

Neuroendocrine Neoplasia ◽

Pet Ct ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Fdg Pet Ct

Owing to the rarity and the biological and clinical heterogeneity of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia (GEP NEN), the management of these patients may be challenging for physicians. This review highlights the specific features of GEP NEN with particular attention on the role of Ki67 heterogeneity, the potential prognostic role of novel radiological techniques, and the clinical usefulness of functional imaging, including 68Ga-DOTA-SST PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT. Understanding these specific features may help to plan proper and tailored follow-up programs and therapeutic approaches.

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