scholarly journals Mixed Chlorometallate Ionic Liquids as C4 Alkylation Catalysts: A Quantitative Study of Acceptor Properties

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Pang ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Juanfang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Lewis Acidity ◽  
Alkylation Reaction ◽  
Triethylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Anionic Species ◽  
Triethylphosphine Oxide ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Acceptor Numbers

The acceptor properties of mixed chlorometallate ionic liquids for isobutane-butene alkylation (C4 alkylation) reaction were studied. These ionic liquids were prepared by mixing metal chlorides with either triethylamine hydrochloride or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in various molar ratios. Using triethylphosphine oxide as a probe, Gutmann Acceptor Numbers (AN) of the catalysts were determined, and the Lewis acidity of mixed chlorometallate ionic liquids was quantitatively measured. Additionally, AN value was developed to determine the relationship between Lewis acidity and catalytic selectivity. The favorite AN value for the C4 alkylation reaction should be around 93.0. The [(C2H5)3NH]Cl–AlCl3−CuCl appears to be more Lewis acidity than that of [(C2H5)3NH]Cl–AlCl3. The correlation of the acceptor numbers to speciation of the mixed chlorometallate ionic liquids has also been investigated. [AlCl4]−, [Al2Cl7]−, and [MAlCl5]− (M = Cu, Ag) are the main anionic species of the mixed chlorometallate ILs. While the presence of [(C2H5)3N·M]+ cation always decreases the acidity of the [(C2H5)3NH]Cl−AlCl3−MCl ionic liquids.

scholarly journals Isobutane/2-butene alkylation catalyzed by Brønsted–Lewis acidic ionic liquids

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 19551-19559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiwei Liu ◽  
Shuang Tan ◽  
Bing Bian ◽  
Hailong Yu ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Alkylation Reaction ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquids

The alkylation reaction of isobutane with 2-butene to yield C8-alkylates was performed using Brønsted–Lewis acidic ionic liquids (ILs) comprising various metal chlorides (ZnCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3, CuCl2, CuCl, and AlCl3) on the anion.

Binding of lead and copper(II) cations to hemicelluloses of rye bran

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 2250-2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Kohn ◽  
Zdena Hromádková ◽  
Anna Ebringerová
Keyword(s):  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Equilibrium Solution ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Free Ions ◽  
Uronic Acid Content ◽  
The Relationship

Several fractions of acid hemicelluloses isolated from rye bran were characterized by molar ratios of saccharides (D-Xyl, L-Ara, D-Glc, D-Gal) and 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid and protein content. Binding of Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions to these acid polysaccharides was considered according to function (M)b = f([M2+]f), expressing the relationship between the amount of metal (M)b bound to 1 g of the substance and the concentration of free ions [M2+]f in the equilibrium solution and according to the association degree β of these cations with carboxyl groups of uronic acid at a stoichiometric ratio of both components in the system under investigation. Acid hemicelluloses contained only a very small portion of uronic acid ((COOH) 0.05-0.18 mmol g-1); the model polysaccharide, 4-O-methyl-D-glucurono-D-xylan of beech, was substantially richer in uronic acid content ((COOH) 0.73 mmol g-1). Consequently, the amount of lead and copper bound to acid hemicelluloses is very small ((M)b 0.017-0.025 mmol g-1) at [M2+]f = 0.10 mmol l-1. On the other hand, much greater amount of cations ((M)f 0.09-0.10 mmol g-1) was bound to the glucuronoxylan. The association degree β was like with the majority of samples (β = 0.31-0.38). The amount of lead and copper(II) bound to acid hemicelluloses from rye bran is several times lower than that bound to dietary fiber isolated from vegetables (cabbage, carrot), rich in pectic substances.

scholarly journals Controlling surface chemistry and mechanical properties of metal ionogels through Lewis acidity and basicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 4679-4686
Author(s):  
Coby J. Clarke ◽  
Richard P. Matthews ◽  
Alex P. S. Brogan ◽  
Jason P. Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Lewis Acidity ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Acidity And Basicity ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Gels prepared from metal containing ionic liquids with cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) have surface compositions and mechanical properties that can be controlled by Lewis basicity and acidity of the metal species.

Isobutane/butene alkylation reaction using ionic liquids as catalysts. Toward a sustainable industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 515 ◽  
pp. 111892
Author(s):  
Diego Guzmán-Lucero ◽  
Javier Guzmán-Pantoja ◽  
Heriberto Díaz Velázquez ◽  
Natalya V. Likhanova ◽  
Mercedes Bazaldua-Domínguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Alkylation Reaction

scholarly journals Probing the relationship of cations-graphene interaction strength with self-organization behaviors of the anions at the interface between graphene and ionic liquids

2019 ◽  
Vol 479 ◽  
pp. 576-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangliang Hu ◽  
Radhika S. Anaredy ◽  
Mohammed Alamri ◽  
Qingfeng Liu ◽  
Gaind P. Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Evaluating the Toxicity of Ionic Liquids on Shewanella sp. for Designing Sustainable Bioprocesses

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakima Kebaili ◽  
Antonia Pérez de los Ríos ◽  
María José Salar-García ◽  
Víctor Manuel Ortiz-Martínez ◽  
Mostefa Kameche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Wide Group ◽  
Separation Media ◽  
The Relationship

Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely used as reaction and separation media in many technologies due to their unique and advantageous physicochemical properties. Thus, further studies approaching the study of the toxicity of these materials are required. Moreover, they are utilized in devices in which microorganisms such as Shewanella sp. act as biocatalysts. Thus, in this work, the toxicity of 69 ILs on the marine bacterium Shewanella sp. was tested. Specifically, the ILs analyzed were based on the cations imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, morpholinium, oxazolinium, phosphonium, ammonium, and sulfonium, in combination with different anions. The toxicities of this wide group of ILs on Shewanella sp. were determined using two methods: 1) the agar disk-diffusion test and 2) the growth inhibition test in liquid media. The relationship between toxicity and IL chemical structure was elucidated. A decrease in the hydrophobicity of the alkyl chain length was found to be a key factor to reduce IL toxicity. On the other hand, phosphonium-based ILs containing long alkyl chains were shown to be largely incompatible with Shewanella sp.

scholarly journals Borenium ionic liquids as catalysts for Diels–Alder reaction: tuneable Lewis superacids for catalytic applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Matuszek ◽  
S. Coffie ◽  
A. Chrobok ◽  
M. Swadźba-Kwaśny
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Alder Reaction ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Lewis Acidity ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Acceptor Number ◽  
Diels Alder Reaction ◽  
Catalytic Applications

Ionic liquids with Lewis superacidic borenium cations were used as catalysts in solvent-less Diels–Alder cycloaddition. The extremely high catalytic activity correlated with the Lewis acidity, expressed as the Gutmann acceptor number.

Chlorostannate(II) Ionic Liquids: Speciation, Lewis Acidity, and Oxidative Stability

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1710-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Currie ◽  
Julien Estager ◽  
Peter Licence ◽  
Shuang Men ◽  
Peter Nockemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Lewis Acidity

scholarly journals Lewis Acidity and Basicity of Mixed Chlorometallate Ionic Liquids: Investigations from Surface Analysis and Fukui Function

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Juanfang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Fukui Function ◽  
Lewis Acidity ◽  
Surface Ionization ◽  
Local Surface ◽  
Dual Descriptor ◽  
Mixed Metal ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Acidity And Basicity ◽  
Metal Anions

Mixed chlorometallate ionic liquids (ILs) have been regarded as potential solvents, catalysts, and reagents for many organic processes. The acidity and basicity of these ILs were correlated with theoretically estimated parameters such as electrostatic surface potential maxima and minima, average local surface ionization energy, and Fukui and dual descriptor functions. The introduction of metal chloride into the anions would influence the acidity/basicity of ILs by withdrawing the electron density from the cationic counterpart. For the [C4mim]-based ILs with the mixed-metal anions, the acidity tends to attenuate while the basicity becomes stronger, as compared to the corresponding chloroaluminate ILs. However, the acidity of [(C2H5)3NH]-based ILs with the mixed-metal anions are greater than that of the net chloroaluminate ILs. The Fukui function values showed that most of the mixed chlorometallate ILs belong to bifunctional distribution. The mixed chlorometallate ILs both have electrophilic and nucleophilic sites, which would be beneficial for their applications.

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