scholarly journals Preparation of Chloromethylated Pitch–Based Hyper–Crosslinked Polymers and An Immobilized Acidic Ionic Liquid as A Catalyst for the Synthesis of Biodiesel

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoyou Pei ◽  
Xiaoyan Xiang ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
Dongliang Li ◽  
Chaoyang Zhao ◽  
...  

Hyper-crosslinking polymers and its immobilized acid ionic liquid catalyst were prepared using cheap pitch, as a monomer, through hyper-crosslinking reactions and allyl chloride, as a chlorine source, for chloromethylation and further grafting with imidazole and functionalizing with sulfonic acid. The polymers were characterized by FE-SEM, FTIR, TG, and nitrogen sorption. The grafting ratios of the chloromethylated pitch-based hyper-crosslinked polymer (HCPpitch–CH2–Cl) and immobilized acid ionic liquid [HCPpitch–Im–Pros][Tos] were 3.5 mmol/g and 3.0 mmol/g, and the BET specific surface areas were 520 m2/g and 380 m2/g, respectively. This strategy provides an easy approach to preparing highly stable and acid functionalized mesoporous catalysts. The immobilized acidic ionic liquid was used as a catalyst for the esterification of oleic acid and methanol to synthesize biodiesel. The results demonstrated that under the optimal conditions of an alcohol to acid molar ratio of 7:1, ionic liquid to oleic acid molar ratio of 0.12, and a reaction time of 3 h at atmospheric pressure, the yield of methyl oleate can reach up to 93%. Moreover, the catalyst was reused five times without the yield decreasing significantly. This study shows that [HCPpitch–Im–Pros][Tos] is a robust catalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel.

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Das ◽  
Ashim Jyoti Thakur ◽  
Dhanapati Deka

Biodiesel was produced from high free fatty acid (FFA)Jatropha curcasoil (JCO) by two-stage process in which esterification was performed by Brønsted acidic ionic liquid 1-(1-butylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BSMIM]Cl) followed by KOH catalyzed transesterification. Maximum FFA conversion of 93.9% was achieved and it reduced from 8.15 wt% to 0.49 wt% under the optimum reaction conditions of methanol oil molar ratio 12 : 1 and 10 wt% of ionic liquid catalyst at 70°C in 6 h. The ionic liquid catalyst was reusable up to four times of consecutive runs under the optimum reaction conditions. At the second stage, the esterified JCO was transesterified by using 1.3 wt% KOH and methanol oil molar ratio of 6 : 1 in 20 min at 64°C. The yield of the final biodiesel was found to be 98.6% as analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. Chemical composition of the final biodiesel was also determined by GC-MS analysis.


2014 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawittree Mulalee ◽  
Karnjana Sena ◽  
Muenduen Phisalaphong

Recently, demand of biolubricants has been continuously increased since it is environmentally friendly and renewable. Therefore, this research focused on the biolubricants production from enzymatic esterification of oleic acid and propanol using Novozym 435 as a biocatalyst. The esterification experiments were conducted under the optimal conditions, as follows: 45°C, oleic acid to propanol molar ratio of 1:2, Novozym 435 loading of 5% based on the weight of oleic acid. It was shown that the optimal rotation speed at 250 rpm could minimize the effect of external mass transfer limitations and maintained the enzyme activity. The conversion of oleic acid from the esterification for 6 h with isopropanol was 76.4%, which was lower than that with n-propanol (88.9%). Novozym 435 could be reused in the production of propyloleate for at least 5 cycles with maintaining FFA conversion of 94% of its initial value. Moreover, the use of molecular sieve to remove water during the reaction could significantly enhance the final FFA conversion from 88.9% to 94.7%.


2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieva Čepaitė ◽  
Milda Gumbytė

The possibilities of waste materials re-use in biosynthesis of grease were investigated. In this paper, 2-ethylhexanololeate synthesis from 2-ethylhexanol and oleic acid using industrial enzymes is discussed. In order to select an effective enzyme for the mentioned synthesis, the selection of industrial lipases was carried out. During the reactions, acidity of the substances was measured and a chromatographic analysis was held to observe the reaction rate. After choosing the suitable lipase (Lipozyme TL IM), an experimental model was created. When all reactions from the plan were completed, optimal conditions were estimated. The process temperature was 41.04 °C, the duration of the process was 26.10 h, the molar ratio of 2-ethylhexanololeate and oleic acid was 2.35:1.16 mol/mol, and the enzyme quantity (according to acid quantity) was 9.91%.


2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1713-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Guang Sun ◽  
Zhonghe Bi ◽  
Hansan Liu ◽  
Youxing Fang ◽  
Craig A. Bridges ◽  
...  

A novel hybrid battery utilizing an aluminum anode, a LiFePO4 cathode and an acidic ionic liquid electrolyte based on 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMImCl) and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) (EMImCl–AlCl3, 1–1.1 in molar ratio) with or without LiAlCl4 is proposed.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1090 ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Peng Cheng ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Jian Hong Wang ◽  
Hui Peng Liu ◽  
Cong Zhen Qiao

A series of highly dispersed ionic liquid catalysts were used for the oxidation desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model oil in the presence of H2O2. The effects of the loading of [BMIM]HSO4immobilized, reaction time, temperature, O/S molar ratio and the dosage of catalysts on DBT removal were investigated in detail. The catalyst with the loading of [BMIM]HSO4was 25% exhibited the highest activity. The DBT removal of model oil can reach 99.9% in 5 h at 60 °C, O/S molar ratio of 10, Vmodeloil=10mL, mcatalysts=2.00g. The catalysts can be easily recycled and can be recycled 2 times without a significant decrease in activity.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1094 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Yang Bo

Four kinds of Brønsted-acidic ionic liquids were synthesized with netrogen-contained chemical groups and different anions,and were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectrum (IR). On this basic, when the mole ratio of catalyst quantity to oleic acid was 0.019, that of alcohol to acid was 2, the reaction temperature was 150°C and the reaction time was 5 hours,the esterification of oleic and methanol were studied and the catalytic activities of ionic liquids for the esterification were investigated. The results showed their catalytic activities were associated with the structures of nitrogen-contained chemical groups, anionic acid strength and acid volume. Under the coaction of anions and cations, ionic liquids ([MPy]HSO4) had the best catalysis activity. Meanwhile the conversion rate of oleic acid could reach 88.21% .


2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Shuanglan Hu ◽  
Jianhua Cheng ◽  
Wenyong Lou

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