scholarly journals Bemisia tabaci Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2 Interacts with Begomoviruses and Plays a Role in Virus Acquisition

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Yun-Yun Fan ◽  
Yu-Wei Zhong ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Yao Chi ◽  
Sophie Bouvaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Virus Acquisition ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Whitefly Vector

Begomoviruses cause substantial losses to agricultural production, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, and are exclusively transmitted by members of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the transmission of begomoviruses by their whitefly vector are not clear. In this study, we found that B. tabaci vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (BtVAMP2) interacts with the coat protein (CP) of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), an emergent begomovirus that seriously impacts tomato production globally. After infection with TYLCV, the transcription of BtVAMP2 was increased. When the BtVAMP2 protein was blocked by feeding with a specific BtVAMP2 antibody, the quantity of TYLCV in B. tabaci whole body was significantly reduced. BtVAMP2 was found to be conserved among the B. tabaci species complex and also interacts with the CP of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV). When feeding with BtVAMP2 antibody, the acquisition quantity of SLCMV in whitefly whole body was also decreased significantly. Overall, our results demonstrate that BtVAMP2 interacts with the CP of begomoviruses and promotes their acquisition by whitefly.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (leaf curl).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Czosnek
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Whitefly Vector ◽  
Leaf Curl

Abstract The wide global distribution of tomato crops and the dramatic outbreaks of the populations of the TYLCV vector, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, led to a pandemic of this devastating disease. The virus probably arose in the Middle East between the 1930s and 1950s. Its global invasion began in the 1980s after the emergence of two strains: TYLCV-IL and TYLCV-Mld. The long-distance transportation of viruliferous whiteflies contaminating commercial shipments of tomato seedlings and ornamentals is probably the major reason for the virus pandemic (Caciagli, 2007). Sequence analyses allowed Lefeuvre et al. (2010) to trace the history of TYLCV spread. For instance, TYLCV-IL has invaded the Americas at least twice, once from the Mediterranean basin in 1992-1994 and once from Asia (a descendant of imported Middle Eastern TYLCV) in 1999-2003. As a result the estimated losses caused by TYLCV reached about 20% of tomato production in the USA, and 30-100% in the Caribbean Islands, Mexico, Central America and Venezuela. Therefore several countries (Australia, EU) have established severe quarantine measures to control the whitefly vector.

scholarly journals Tracing the Geminivirus-Whitefly Transmission Pathway by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Whitefly Extracts, Saliva, Hemolymph, and Honeydew

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie C. Rosell ◽  
Ivone Torres-Jerez ◽  
J. K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Squash Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Membrane Feeding ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Whitefly Vector

A membrane feeding system and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to track squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) DNA in whole whitefly body extracts and in saliva, honeydew, and hemolymph of its whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci, and a whitefly nonvector, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. SLCV ingestion was monitored by PCR in whiteflies that were given acquisition access periods (AAPs) ranging from 0.5 to 96 h on virus-infected plants. SLCV detection by PCR in whole body extracts was considered reflective of virus ingestion. As whiteflies were given longer AAPs, the number of whiteflies that ingested SLCV increased. SLCV DNA was detected in honeydew of vector and nonvector whiteflies, indicating that virions, viral DNA, or both passed unimpeded through the digestive system. SLCV DNA was detected in saliva and hemolymph of B. tabaci, but not in these fractions from nonvector whiteflies, despite virus ingestion by both. Although vector and nonvector whiteflies both ingested SLCV, only in the vector, B. tabaci, did virus cross the gut barrier, enter the hemolymph, or pass into the salivary system. These results suggest that digestive epithelia of nonvector whiteflies did not permit SLCV passage from the gut to hemocoel, whereas virus effectively crossed the analogous gut barrier in vector whiteflies.

scholarly journals Expanding Knowledge of the Host Range of Tomato chlorosis virus and Host Plant Preference of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1132-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaldo E. Fariña ◽  
Jorge A. M. Rezende ◽  
William M. Wintermantel
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Virus Acquisition ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Primary Vector ◽  
Tomato Chlorosis Virus ◽  
Whitefly Vector

The crinivirus Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is often found infecting tomato crops in Brazil, with variable incidence, but associated with prevalence of its primary vector, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1. ToCV control is difficult because there are no resistant commercial tomato varieties or hybrids available and chemical spray for control of the whitefly vector has not been effective. The present study evaluated the partial host range of a Brazilian isolate of ToCV and the preference of B. tabaci MEAM1 for oviposition on those species identified as susceptible to the virus. Subsequently, transmission tests were performed using plants of each ToCV host species as sources of inoculum to elucidate the epidemiological importance of nontomato sources of inoculum for infection of tomato. Among 80 species experimentally inoculated, 25 were susceptible, including 6 previously not known to be hosts (Jaltomata procumbens, Physalis pruinosa, Solanum aculeatissimum, S. viarum, Beta vulgaris var. cicla, and Chenopodium quinoa). Preference of whitefly for oviposition and infection by ToCV under free-choice transmission tests varied among the susceptible species. When ToCV-infected tomato, eggplant, and C. quinoa were used separately as sources of inoculum for virus transmission to tomato plants, mean percentages of infected plants were 76.6, 3, and 0%, respectively. Average oviposition of Bemisia tabaci on these three hosts were 2.7, 10.6, and 0.0 eggs/cm2, respectively. Additional studies will be necessary to evaluate the importance of ToCV host plants under field conditions and their efficiency as sources of inoculum for virus acquisition and transmission to tomato crops.

scholarly journals Replication of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Its Whitefly Vector, Bemisia tabaci

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (19) ◽  
pp. 9791-9803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britto Cathrin Pakkianathan ◽  
Svetlana Kontsedalov ◽  
Galina Lebedev ◽  
Assaf Mahadav ◽  
Muhammad Zeidan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Virus Acquisition ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

ABSTRACTTomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV) is a begomovirus transmitted exclusively by the whiteflyBemisia tabaciin a persistent, circulative manner. Replication of TYLCV in its vector remains controversial, and thus far, the virus has been considered to be nonpropagative. Following 8 h of acquisition on TYLCV-infected tomato plants or purified virions and then transfer to non-TYLCV-host cotton plants, the amounts of virus inside whitefly adults significantly increased (>2-fold) during the first few days and then continuously decreased, as measured by the amounts of genes on both virus DNA strands. Reported alterations in insect immune and defense responses upon virus retention led us to hypothesize a role for the immune response in suppressing virus replication. After virus acquisition, stress conditions were imposed on whiteflies, and the levels of three viral gene sequences were measured over time. When whiteflies were exposed to TYLCV and treatment with two different pesticides, the virus levels continuously increased. Upon exposure to heat stress, the virus levels gradually decreased, without any initial accumulation. Switching of whiteflies between pesticide, heat stress, and control treatments caused fluctuating increases and decreases in virus levels. Fluorescencein situhybridization analysis confirmed these results and showed virus signals inside midgut epithelial cell nuclei. Combining the pesticide and heat treatments with virus acquisition had significant effects on fecundity. Altogether, our results demonstrate for the first time that a single-stranded DNA plant virus can replicate in its hemipteran vector.IMPORTANCEPlant viruses in agricultural crops are of great concern worldwide. Many of them are transmitted from infected to healthy plants by insects. Persistently transmitted viruses often have a complex association with their vectors; however, most are believed not to replicate within these vectors. Such replication is important, as it contributes to the virus's spread and can impact vector biology.Tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV) is a devastating begomovirus that infects tomatoes. It is persistently transmitted by the whiteflyBemisia tabacibut is believed not to replicate in the insect. To demonstrate that TYLCV is, in fact, propagative (i.e., it replicates in its insect host), we hypothesized that insect defenses play a role in suppressing virus replication. We thus exposed whitefly to pesticide and heat stress conditions to manipulate its physiology, and we showed that under such conditions, the virus is able to replicate and significantly influence the insect's fecundity.

scholarly journals The molecular mechanisms that determine different degrees of polyphagy in the Bemisia tabaci species complex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osnat Malka ◽  
Ester Feldmesser ◽  
Sharon Brunschot ◽  
Diego Santos‐Garcia ◽  
Wen‐Hao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms

scholarly journals The molecular mechanisms that determine different degrees of polyphagy in the Bemisia tabaci species-complex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osnat Malka ◽  
Ester Feldmesser ◽  
Sharon van Brunschot ◽  
Diego Santos Garcia ◽  
Susan Seal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms

The circulative pathway of begomoviruses in the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci - insights from studies with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus

2002 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
HENRYK CZOSNEK ◽  
MIRIAM GHANIM ◽  
MURAD GHANIM
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Whitefly Vector ◽  
Leaf Curl
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