Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (leaf curl).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Czosnek
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Whitefly Vector ◽  
Leaf Curl

Abstract The wide global distribution of tomato crops and the dramatic outbreaks of the populations of the TYLCV vector, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, led to a pandemic of this devastating disease. The virus probably arose in the Middle East between the 1930s and 1950s. Its global invasion began in the 1980s after the emergence of two strains: TYLCV-IL and TYLCV-Mld. The long-distance transportation of viruliferous whiteflies contaminating commercial shipments of tomato seedlings and ornamentals is probably the major reason for the virus pandemic (Caciagli, 2007). Sequence analyses allowed Lefeuvre et al. (2010) to trace the history of TYLCV spread. For instance, TYLCV-IL has invaded the Americas at least twice, once from the Mediterranean basin in 1992-1994 and once from Asia (a descendant of imported Middle Eastern TYLCV) in 1999-2003. As a result the estimated losses caused by TYLCV reached about 20% of tomato production in the USA, and 30-100% in the Caribbean Islands, Mexico, Central America and Venezuela. Therefore several countries (Australia, EU) have established severe quarantine measures to control the whitefly vector.

scholarly journals Bemisia tabaci Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2 Interacts with Begomoviruses and Plays a Role in Virus Acquisition

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Yun-Yun Fan ◽  
Yu-Wei Zhong ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Yao Chi ◽  
Sophie Bouvaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Virus Acquisition ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Whitefly Vector

Begomoviruses cause substantial losses to agricultural production, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, and are exclusively transmitted by members of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the transmission of begomoviruses by their whitefly vector are not clear. In this study, we found that B. tabaci vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (BtVAMP2) interacts with the coat protein (CP) of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), an emergent begomovirus that seriously impacts tomato production globally. After infection with TYLCV, the transcription of BtVAMP2 was increased. When the BtVAMP2 protein was blocked by feeding with a specific BtVAMP2 antibody, the quantity of TYLCV in B. tabaci whole body was significantly reduced. BtVAMP2 was found to be conserved among the B. tabaci species complex and also interacts with the CP of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV). When feeding with BtVAMP2 antibody, the acquisition quantity of SLCMV in whitefly whole body was also decreased significantly. Overall, our results demonstrate that BtVAMP2 interacts with the CP of begomoviruses and promotes their acquisition by whitefly.

scholarly journals Use of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) Rep Gene Sequences to Engineer TYLCV Resistance in Tomato

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yang ◽  
T. A. Sherwood ◽  
C. P. Patte ◽  
E. Hiebert ◽  
J. E. Polston
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Challenge Inoculation ◽  
Biolistic Inoculation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a member of the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae), causes severe losses in tomato production in the tropics and subtropics. In order to generate engineered resistance, eight different constructs of the TYLCV replication-associated protein (Rep) and C4 gene sequences were tested in transformed tomato inbred lines. Transgenic plants were screened for resistance to TYLCV using viruliferous whiteflies. No symptoms were observed and no TYLCV genomic DNA was detected by both hybridization and polymerase chain reaction in progenies of plants transformed with three constructs. This resistance was observed in plants that contained one of the following transgenes: 2/5Rep (81 nucleotides [nt] of the intergenic region [IR] plus 426 nt of the 5′ end of the TYLCV Rep gene), Δ2/5Rep (85 nt of the IR plus 595 nt of the 5′ end of the TYLCV Rep gene in the antisense orientation), and RepΔ2/5Rep (81 nt of the IR, the entire Rep gene, and 41 nt 3′ to the end of the Rep gene fused to Δ2/5Rep). Our study differs from other transgenic Geminivirus resistance reports involving the Rep gene in that viruliferous whiteflies were used for challenge inoculation instead of agroinoculation or biolistic inoculation, and TYLCV resistance was evaluated under field conditions.

scholarly journals SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CHILLI LINES / VARIETIES TOWARDS CHILLI LEAF CURL VIRUS AND ITS MANAGEMENT THROUGH VECTOR CONTROL

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad S. Hussain ◽  
Khalid Naveed ◽  
Muhammad Atiq
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Local Germplasm ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Chilli Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl Disease ◽  
Whitefly Vector ◽  
Susceptible Response ◽  
Leaf Curl

                                                                  Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) is a serious problem for chilli production in Pakistan and India. In this study, fourteen different chilli lines / varieties were screened for their resistance/susceptibility towards ChiLCV in open field trials. Data of disease severity and disease incidence was recorded on weekly basis. Out of all varieties screened, Tatapuri Chilli and CH111 showed high susceptibility towards the chilli leaf curl disease. Talhari, CH 99, CH103, CH 106, CH107, CH108, CH109, GSL111 showed susceptible response whereas CBS1292 showed moderately susceptible response towards the disease. Only two cultivars Hybrid-46 and Hot Queen were found as moderately resistant. The screening experiment showed that most of the chilli varieties are susceptible to chilli leaf curl disease and resistance is lacking in local germplasm. Furthermore, three insecticides: Imidacloprid, Polo and Emamectin were tested for their efficacy for the management of disease and whitefly vector in field conditions at weekly intervals. Out of three insecticides, Polo gave best results as compared to Emamectin and Imidacloprid against chilli leaf curl disease and whitefly vector.

scholarly journals Determination of the relationship between some morphological traits of the tomato lines and resistance tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Zengin ◽  
Aylin Kabaş ◽  
Hülya İlbi
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Abstract Background: Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most produced and exported vegetable in Turkey. There are many pathogens to limit tomato production by reducing yield and fruit quality. Among them, Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) causes important economic losses. The most efficient and environmental friendly method against TYLCV is the use of resistant varieties. In this trial, it was aimed to determine some morphological traits which were linked to Ty-1 and Ty-3a genes which confer to TYLCV. A commercial hybrid carrying Ty-1, Ty-3a genes as heterozygous was crossed to a susceptable inbred line from Bati Akdeniz Agricultural and Research Institute (BATEM). Marker assisted selection (MAS) was carried out in F 1 and F 2 generations and biological tests were done for TYLCV resistance in F 3 generation. MAS for Ty-3a and Ty-1 genes were compatible with biological tests.

scholarly journals Determination of the relationship between some morphological traits of the tomato lines and resistance tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Zengin ◽  
Aylin Kabaş ◽  
Hülya İlbi
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Abstract Background: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the most produced and exported vegetable in Turkey. There are many pathogens to limit tomato production by reducing yield and fruit quality. Among them, Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) causes important economic losses. The most efficient and environmental friendly method against TYLCV is the use of resistant varieties. In this trial, it was aimed to determine some morphological traits which were linked to Ty-1 and Ty-3a genes which confer to TYLCV. A commercial hybrid carrying Ty-1, Ty-3a genes as heterozygous was crossed to a susceptible inbred line from Bati Akdeniz Agricultural and Research Institute (BATEM). Marker assisted selection (MAS) was carried out in F1 and F2 generations and biological tests were done for TYLCV resistance in F3 generation. MAS for Ty-3a and Ty-1 genes were compatible with biological tests. Results: In total of 95 genotypes in F3 were developed with molecular marker selection. It was determined that 30 genotypes having the Ty-3a and Ty-1 genes as homozygous resistant. The nine genotypes carried these genes in heterozygous form. 56 genotypes were identified as susceptible. The 43 morphological traits were observed in identified individuals to correlate with resistant allele, Ty-3a. Conclusions: It was found that there was statistically important correlation between Ty-3a and length of internode, length of stem at first inflorescence, status of calix, leaf attitude, length of inflorescence and plant habitus. Also there was negative correlation between fruit weight, fruit length and resistance. Therefore, we identified some morphological markers linked to Ty-3a which can be used in selection for TLYCV resistant breeding programme.

scholarly journals Diverse Regulations of Viral and Host Genes in Tomato Germplasms Responding to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Inoculation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanyu Xiao ◽  
Xianyu Zhou ◽  
Hailong Ren ◽  
Yijia Sun ◽  
Jiwen Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Virus Inhibition ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Sense Strand ◽  
Virion Sense ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Abstract Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is the dominating pathogen of tomato yellow leaf curl disease that caused severe loss to tomato production in China. In this study, we found that a TYLCV-resistant tomato line drastically reduced the accumulation of viral complementary-sense strand mRNAs but just moderately inhibit that of viral DNA and virion-sense strand mRNAs. However, two other resistant lines did not have such virus inhibition pattern. Analysis of differential expressed genes showed that the potential host defense-relevant processes varied in different resistant tomatoes, as compared to the susceptible line, suggesting a diversity of tomato TYLCV-resistance mechanisms.

West Asia Since 1900

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatol Lieven
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Informal Empire ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Us Hegemony

The history of West Asia over the past century has been defined by the collapse of three great empires. Contemporary history of the region is being defined by the decay of a fourth, informal empire —the USA — and the appearance of a new local power, the Islamic State, which is radically hostile to the US hegemony, local regimes and the very existence of the states of the region. These ruins of empire have been preceded, accompanied, and, to a considerable extent, caused by the decay of the civilizational ideologies, which had legitimized imperial rule. While internal culture, social and economic factors have been crucial barriers to modernization, so too has been the dependence of would-be modernizing Middle Eastern states on the US imperial hegemon. This dependency has stripped these states of the nationalist legitimacy which elsewhere has been vital to the introduction of necessary but highly painful and contested reforms.

scholarly journals The recent association of a DNA betasatellite with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Israel – A new threat to tomato production

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 104995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Gelbart ◽  
Lea Chen ◽  
Tamar Alon ◽  
Svetlana Dobrinin ◽  
Ilan Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

scholarly journals Identification of the Begomoviruses Squash Leaf Curl Virus and Watermelon Chlorotic Stunt Virus in Various Plant Samples in North America

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Rafaela S. Fontenele ◽  
Amulya Bhaskara ◽  
Ilaria N. Cobb ◽  
Lucas C. Majure ◽  
Andrew M. Salywon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Bipartite Begomovirus ◽  
Squash Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Watermelon Chlorotic Stunt Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Geminiviruses are a group of plant-infecting viruses with single-stranded DNA genomes. Within this family, viruses in the genus Begomovirus are known to have a worldwide distribution causing a range of severe diseases in a multitude of dicotyledonous plant species. Begomoviruses are transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, and their ssDNA genomes can be either monopartite or bipartite. As part of a viral survey, various plants including those in the families Alliaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cactaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Malvaceae, Oleaceae and Solanaceae were sampled and screened for begomoviruses using both a high-throughput sequencing and a begomovirus-specific primer pair approach. Based on the sequences derived using these approaches, the full-length genome of various begomoviruses were amplified from plants using abutting primers. Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) and watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WCSV) were identified in Cactaceae (n = 25), Solanaceae (n = 7), Cucurbitaceae (n = 2) and Lamiaceae (n = 1) samples. WCSV is an Old World bipartite begomovirus that has only recently been discovered infecting watermelons in the Americas. Our discovery of WCSV in the USA is the first indication that it has reached this country and indicates that this virus might be widespread throughout North America. Phylogenetic analysis suggests WCSV was introduced to the New World twice. The detection of begomoviruses in cactus plants suggests possible spillover events from agricultural areas into native vegetation. Since WCSV and SLCV have previously been found in mixed infections, pseudo-recombination infection experiments were conducted. We demonstrate that WCSV DNA-B is successfully trans-replicated by SLCV DNA-A despite very low degree of similarity between the replication-associated iterative sequences present in their common region, an essential feature for binding of the replication associated protein. This study highlights the importance of viral surveys for the detection of spillover events into native vegetation, but also suggests the need for more surveillance of WCSV in the USA, as this virus is a serious threat to watermelon cultivation in the Middle East.

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