scholarly journals What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 1: Focus on Immunohistochemical Results with Discussion of Pre-Analytical and Interpretation Variables

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Palicelli ◽  
Martina Bonacini ◽  
Stefania Croci ◽  
Cristina Magi-Galluzzi ◽  
Sofia Cañete-Portillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Phase Ii Study ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Immunotherapy targeting the PD-1–PD-L1 axis yielded good results in treating different immunologically ‘‘hot’’ tumors. A phase II study revealed good therapeutic activity of pembrolizumab in selected prostatic carcinoma (PC)-patients. We performed a systematic literature review (PRISMA guidelines), which analyzes the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 in human PC samples and highlights the pre-analytical and interpretation variables. Interestingly, 29% acinar PCs, 7% ductal PCs, and 46% neuroendocrine carcinomas/tumors were PD-L1+ on immunohistochemistry. Different scoring methods or cut-off criteria were applied on variable specimen-types, evaluating tumors showing different clinic-pathologic features. The positivity rate of different PD-L1 antibody clones in tumor cells ranged from 3% (SP142) to 50% (ABM4E54), excluding the single case tested for RM-320. The most tested clone was E1L3N, followed by 22C3 (most used for pembrolizumab eligibility), SP263, SP142, and 28-8, which gave the positivity rates of 35%, 11–41% (depending on different scoring systems), 6%, 3%, and 15%, respectively. Other clones were tested in <200 cases. The PD-L1 positivity rate was usually higher in tumors than benign tissues. It was higher in non-tissue microarray specimens (41–50% vs. 15%), as PC cells frequently showed heterogenous or focal PD-L1-staining. PD-L1 was expressed by immune or stromal cells in 12% and 69% cases, respectively. Tumor heterogeneity, inter-institutional preanalytics, and inter-observer interpretation variability may account for result biases.

Analysis of Clinical, Imaging, and Pathologic Features of 36 Patients with Primary Intraspinal Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors: A Case Series and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Wei ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Zimu Song ◽  
Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Neuroectodermal Tumors ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and Study Aims Primary intraspinal primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) account for ∼0.4% of all intraspinal tumors, but information about these tumors in the medical literature is limited to single case reports. We report four cases of primary intraspinal PNETs and present a systematic literature review of the reported cases. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the clinical data of 4 patients with primary intraspinal PNETs who underwent neurosurgical treatment at our clinic between January 2013 and January 2020, and of 32 cases reported in the literature. Results The female-to-male ratio was 2.6:1. The mean patient age was 21.42 ± 15.76 years (range: 1–60 years), and patients <36 years of age accounted for 83.30% of the study cohort. Progressive limb weakness and numbness were the chief symptoms (accounting for ∼55.6%). The mean complaint duration was 0.89 ± 0.66 months for males and 2.72 ± 3.82 months for females (p = 0.028). Epidural (41.7%) was the most common site, and thoracic (47.3%) was the most frequent location. Most PNETs were peripheral, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance was isointense or mildly hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Homogeneous contrast enhancement was observed. The 1-year survival rate of patients who underwent chemoradiation after total or subtotal lesion resection was better compared with patients who did not undergo chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or total or subtotal resection. The modality of treatment was associated with survival time (p = 0.007). Conclusion Primary intraspinal PNETs mainly occur in young people with a female preponderance. In patients with a rapid loss of lower limb muscle strength and large intraspinal lesions on MRI, PNETs should be considered. Surgical resection and adjuvant radio chemotherapy are key prognostic factors.

Workload scoring systems in the Intensive Care and their ability to quantify the need for nursing time: A systematic literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 103408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marga E. Hoogendoorn ◽  
Charlotte C. Margadant ◽  
Sylvia Brinkman ◽  
Jasper J. Haringman ◽  
Jan Jaap Spijkstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Nursing Time

scholarly journals Summary Findings of a Systematic Literature Review of the Ultrasound Assessment of Bone Erosions in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Szkudlarek ◽  
Lene Terslev ◽  
Richard J. Wakefield ◽  
Marina Backhaus ◽  
Peter V. Balint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Bone Erosions

Objective.Bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been studied in an increasing amount of research. Both earlier and present classification criteria of RA contain erosions as a significant classification component. Ultrasound (US) can detect bone changes in accessible surfaces. Therefore, the study group performed a systematic literature review of assessment of RA bone erosions with US.Methods.A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was performed. Data on the definitions of RA bone erosions, their size, scoring, relation to synovitis, comparators, and elements of the OMERACT (Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials) filter were collected and analyzed.Results.The selection process identified 58 original research papers. The assessed joints were most frequently metacarpophalangeal (MCP; 41 papers), proximal interphalangeal (19 papers), and metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP; 18 papers). The OMERACT definition of RA bone erosion on US was used most often (17 papers). Second and fifth MCP and fifth MTP were recommended as target joints. Conventional radiography was the most frequently used comparator (27 papers), then magnetic resonance imaging (17 papers) and computed tomography (5 papers). Reliability of assessment was presented in 20 papers and sensitivity to change in 11 papers.Conclusion.This paper presents results of a systematic literature review of bone erosion assessment in RA with US. The survey suggests that US can be a helpful adjunct to the existing methods of imaging bone erosions in RA. It analyzes definitions, scoring systems, used comparators, and elements of the OMERACT filter. It also presents recommendations for a future research agenda based on the results of the review.

scholarly journals What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 2: Clinic–Pathologic Correlations

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Palicelli ◽  
Martina Bonacini ◽  
Stefania Croci ◽  
Cristina Magi-Galluzzi ◽  
Sofia Cañete-Portillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Advanced Tumor Stage ◽  
Castration Resistance ◽  
Grade Group ◽  
Advanced Tumor ◽  
Pathologic Features

Many studies have investigated the potential prognostic and predictive role of PD-L1 in prostatic carcinoma (PC). We performed a systematic literature review (PRISMA guidelines) to critically evaluate human tissue-based studies (immunohistochemistry, molecular analysis, etc.), experimental research (cell lines, mouse models), and clinical trials. Despite some controversial results and study limitations, PD-L1 expression by tumor cells may be related to clinic–pathologic features of adverse outcome, including advanced tumor stage (high pT, presence of lymph node, and distant metastases), positivity of surgical margins, high Grade Group, and castration resistance. Different PD-L1 positivity rates may be observed in matched primary PCs and various metastatic sites of the same patients. Over-fixation, type/duration of decalcification, and PD-L1 antibody clone may influence the immunohistochemical analysis of PD-L1 on bone metastases. PD-L1 seemed expressed more frequently by castration-resistant PCs (49%) as compared to hormone-sensitive PCs (17%). Some series found that PD-L1 positivity was associated with decreased time to castration resistance. Treatment with ipilimumab, cyclophosphamide/GVAX/degarelix, or degarelix alone may increase PD-L1 expression. Correlation of PD-L1 positivity with overall survival and outcomes related to tumor recurrence were rarely investigated; the few analyzed series produced conflicting results and sometimes showed limitations. Further studies are required. The testing and scoring of PD-L1 should be standardized.

scholarly journals Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis and Monitoring Enthesitis in Patients with Spondyloarthritis: An OMERACT Systematic Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1207-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish J. Mathew ◽  
Simon Krabbe ◽  
Richard Kirubakaran ◽  
Andrew J. Barr ◽  
Philip G. Conaghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Registration Number

Objective.A systematic literature review was performed to document published magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion definitions and scoring systems for enthesitis in spondyloarthritis (SpA).Methods.PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for original publications involving adult patients with SpA undergoing MRI of axial/peripheral joints. Selected articles were assessed for quality using a standardized assessment tool and metric indices.Results.Considering the heterogeneous design, quality, and outcome measures of studies, statistical data pooling was considered inappropriate. A qualitative narrative of results was undertaken based on study designs.Conclusion.Lack of a comprehensive, validated score warrants additional research to develop an MRI enthesitis scoring system. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018090537.

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