scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Evolutionary Algorithms for Multiprocessor DAG Scheduling

Computation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Eduardo C. da Silva ◽  
Paulo H. R. Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Algorithms ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graph ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Acyclic Graph ◽  
Academic Production ◽  
Dag Scheduling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiprocessor Task Scheduling

The multiprocessor task scheduling problem has received considerable attention over the last three decades. In this context, a wide range of studies focuses on the design of evolutionary algorithms. These papers deal with many topics, such as task characteristics, environmental heterogeneity, and optimization criteria. To classify the academic production in this research field, we present here a systematic literature review for the directed acyclic graph (DAG) scheduling, that is, when tasks are modeled through a directed acyclic graph. Based on the survey of 56 works, we provide a panorama about the last 30 years of research in this field. From the analyzes of the selected studies, we found a diversity of application domains and mapped their main contributions.

scholarly journals A DAG Scheduling Scheme on Heterogeneous Computing Systems Using Tuple-Based Chemical Reaction Optimization

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyi Jiang ◽  
Zhiqing Shao ◽  
Yi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graph ◽  
Heterogeneous Computing ◽  
Chemical Reaction Optimization ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Acyclic Graph ◽  
Dag Scheduling ◽  
Reaction Optimization ◽  
Heterogeneous Computing Systems

A complex computing problem can be solved efficiently on a system with multiple computing nodes by dividing its implementation code into several parallel processing modules or tasks that can be formulated as directed acyclic graph (DAG) problems. The DAG jobs may be mapped to and scheduled on the computing nodes to minimize the total execution time. Searching an optimal DAG scheduling solution is considered to be NP-complete. This paper proposed a tuple molecular structure-based chemical reaction optimization (TMSCRO) method for DAG scheduling on heterogeneous computing systems, based on a very recently proposed metaheuristic method, chemical reaction optimization (CRO). Comparing with other CRO-based algorithms for DAG scheduling, the design of tuple reaction molecular structure and four elementary reaction operators of TMSCRO is more reasonable. TMSCRO also applies the concept of constrained critical paths (CCPs), constrained-critical-path directed acyclic graph (CCPDAG) and super molecule for accelerating convergence. In this paper, we have also conducted simulation experiments to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of TMSCRO upon a large set of randomly generated graphs and the graphs for real world problems.

scholarly journals Growth Promotion or Osmotic Stress Response: How SNF1-Related Protein Kinase 2 (SnRK2) Kinases Are Activated and Manage Intracellular Signaling in Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1443
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Kamiyama ◽  
Sotaro Katagiri ◽  
Taishi Umezawa
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Wide Range

Reversible phosphorylation is a major mechanism for regulating protein function and controls a wide range of cellular functions including responses to external stimuli. The plant-specific SNF1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) function as central regulators of plant growth and development, as well as tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. Although the activity of SnRK2s is tightly regulated in a phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner, recent investigations have revealed that SnRK2s can be activated by group B Raf-like protein kinases independently of ABA. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that SnRK2s modulate plant growth through regulation of target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Here, we summarize recent advances in knowledge of how SnRK2s mediate plant growth and osmotic stress signaling and discuss future challenges in this research field.

scholarly journals IoT-enabled directed acyclic graph in spark cluster

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahwan Koo ◽  
Nawab Muhammad Faseeh Qureshi ◽  
Isma Farah Siddiqui ◽  
Asad Abbas ◽  
Ali Kashif Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Computing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graph ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Acyclic Graph ◽  
Sensory Data

Abstract Real-time data streaming fetches live sensory segments of the dataset in the heterogeneous distributed computing environment. This process assembles data chunks at a rapid encapsulation rate through a streaming technique that bundles sensor segments into multiple micro-batches and extracts into a repository, respectively. Recently, the acquisition process is enhanced with an additional feature of exchanging IoT devices’ dataset comprised of two components: (i) sensory data and (ii) metadata. The body of sensory data includes record information, and the metadata part consists of logs, heterogeneous events, and routing path tables to transmit micro-batch streams into the repository. Real-time acquisition procedure uses the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) to extract live query outcomes from in-place micro-batches through MapReduce stages and returns a result set. However, few bottlenecks affect the performance during the execution process, such as (i) homogeneous micro-batches formation only, (ii) complexity of dataset diversification, (iii) heterogeneous data tuples processing, and (iv) linear DAG workflow only. As a result, it produces huge processing latency and the additional cost of extracting event-enabled IoT datasets. Thus, the Spark cluster that processes Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD) in a fast-pace using Random access memory (RAM) defies expected robustness in processing IoT streams in the distributed computing environment. This paper presents an IoT-enabled Directed Acyclic Graph (I-DAG) technique that labels micro-batches at the stage of building a stream event and arranges stream elements with event labels. In the next step, heterogeneous stream events are processed through the I-DAG workflow, which has non-linear DAG operation for extracting queries’ results in a Spark cluster. The performance evaluation shows that I-DAG resolves homogeneous IoT-enabled stream event issues and provides an effective stream event heterogeneous solution for IoT-enabled datasets in spark clusters.

Risk identification and modeling for blockchain-enabled container shipping

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Son Nguyen ◽  
Peggy Shu-Ling Chen ◽  
Yuquan Du
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graph ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acyclic Graph ◽  
Operational Risks ◽  
Systems Security ◽  
Event Risk ◽  
Potential Risks

PurposeAlthough being considered for adoption by stakeholders in container shipping, application of blockchain is hindered by different factors. This paper investigates the potential operational risks of blockchain-integrated container shipping systems as one of such barriers.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review is employed as the method of risk identification. Scientific articles, special institutional reports and publications of blockchain solution providers were included in an inclusive qualitative analysis. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was constructed and analyzed based on network topological metrics.FindingsTwenty-eight potential risks and 47 connections were identified in three groups of initiative, transitional and sequel. The DAG analysis results reflect a relatively well-connected network of identified hazardous events (HEs), suggesting the pervasiveness of information risks and various multiple-event risk scenarios. The criticality of the connected systems' security and information accuracy are also indicated.Originality/valueThis paper indicates the changes of container shipping operational risk in the process of blockchain integration by using updated data. It creates awareness of the emerging risks, provides their insights and establishes the basis for further research.

Multi-scale features for heartbeat classification using directed acyclic graph CNN

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 613-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Golrizkhatami ◽  
Shahram Taheri ◽  
Adnan Acan
Keyword(s):  
Directed Acyclic Graph ◽  
Heartbeat Classification ◽  
Acyclic Graph ◽  
Multi Scale

scholarly journals The role of airborne volcanic ash for the surface ocean biogeochemical iron-cycle: a review

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 6441-6489 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Duggen ◽  
N. Olgun ◽  
P. Croot ◽  
L. Hoffmann ◽  
H. Dietze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Ash Deposition ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Iron Cycle ◽  
Surface Ocean ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Iron is a key micronutrient for phytoplankton growth in the surface ocean. Yet the significance of volcanism for the marine biogeochemical iron-cycle is poorly constrained. Recent studies, however, suggest that offshore deposition of airborne ash from volcanic eruptions is a way to inject significant amounts of bio-available iron into the surface ocean. Volcanic ash may be transported up to several tens of kilometres high into the atmosphere during large-scale eruptions and fine ash may encircle the globe for years, thereby reaching even the remotest and most iron-starved oceanic areas. Scientific ocean drilling demonstrates that volcanic ash layers and dispersed ash particles are frequently found in marine sediments and that therefore volcanic ash deposition and iron-injection into the oceans took place throughout much of the Earth's history. The data from geochemical and biological experiments, natural evidence and satellite techniques now available suggest that volcanic ash is a so far underestimated source for iron in the surface ocean, possibly of similar importance as aeolian dust. Here we summarise the development of and the knowledge in this fairly young research field. The paper covers a wide range of chemical and biological issues and we make recommendations for future directions in these areas. The review paper may thus be helpful to improve our understanding of the role of volcanic ash for the marine biogeochemical iron-cycle, marine primary productivity and the ocean-atmosphere exchange of CO2 and other gases relevant for climate throughout the Earth's history.

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