scholarly journals Synchrotron Radiation Research and Analysis of the Particulate Matter in Deep Ice Cores: An Overview of the Technical Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giannantonio Cibin ◽  
Augusto Marcelli ◽  
Valter Maggi ◽  
Giovanni Baccolo ◽  
Dariush Hampai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Airborne Dust ◽  
X Ray ◽  
History Of ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Radiation Research ◽  
Insight Into

Airborne dust extracted from deep ice core perforations can provide chemical and mineralogical insight into the history of the climate and atmospheric conditions, with unrivalled temporal resolution, time span and richness of information. The availability of material for research and the natural complexity of the particulate, however, pose significant challenges to analytical methods. We present the developments undertaken to optimize the experimental techniques, materials and protocols for synchrotron radiation-based analysis, in particular for the acquisition of combined Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Fluorescence and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy data.

A Prospect and Retrospect – the Japanese Case

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taizo Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Electron Synchrotron ◽  
New Era ◽  
X Ray ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technical Innovations ◽  
Radiation Research

The early through recent history of synchrotron radiation research in Japan, since the initial efforts in 1962, is reviewed. Following a period of parasitic use of an electron synchrotron, Japanese users attempted to build a storage ring as a dedicated soft X-ray source, which was completed in 1974. It opened up a new era of second-generation synchrotron radiation research. The Photon Factory, a dedicated X-ray source commissioned in 1982, provided a much wider research area as well as a number of technical innovations, among which insertion devices brought the further prospect of significant improvements in the properties of sources. As a consequence, the new concept of a light source oriented towards full exploitation of insertion devices, or the idea of a third-generation source, was created. The motivations and developments which led to Spring-8, a third-generation Japanese X-ray source that is currently being commissioned, will be reviewed briefly.

Laser-Produced Plasmas as an Alternative X-Ray Source for Synchrotron Radiation Research and for Microradiography

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 267-279
Author(s):  
P. J. Mallozzi ◽  
H. M. Epstein ◽  
R. E. Schwerzel
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Solid Target ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorption Fine ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Radiation Research

The radiation from plasmas produced by the interaction of a pulsed laser and a solid target can be made to fall in the soft x-ray regime. The x-rays can serve as an alternative to the increasingly important synchrotron radiation facilities for a variety of techniques such as Extended X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure Spectroscopy and X-ray Lithography. In addition, the x-rays are of special interest for general microradiography of thin samples.

scholarly journals Synchrotron Radiation Based Study of the Catalytic Mechanism of Ag+ to Chalcopyrite Bioleaching by Mesophilic and Thermophilic Cultures

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyuan Nie ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Hongchang Liu ◽  
Jinlan Xia ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Copper Extraction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Secondary Minerals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalytic Mechanisms ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Insight Into

The catalytic mechanism of Ag+ for chalcopyrite bioleaching by mesophilic culture (at 30 °C) and thermophilic culture (at 48 °C) was investigated using synchrotron radiation-based X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD) and S K-edge and Fe L-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Bioleaching experiments showed that copper extraction from chalcopyrite bioleaching by both cultures was promoted significantly by Ag+, with more serious corrosion occurring on the minerals surface. SR-XRD and XANES analyses showed that the intermediates S0, jarosite and secondary minerals (bornite, chalcocite and covellite) formed for all bioleaching experiments. For these secondary minerals, the formation of bornite and covellite was promoted significantly in the presence of Ag+ for both cultures, while Ag+ has almost no effect on the formation of chalcocite. These results provided insight into the catalytic mechanisms of Ag+ to chalcopyrite bioleaching by the mesophilic and thermophilic cultures, which are both probably due to the rapid formation of bornite by Ag+ and the conversion of bornite to covellite.

scholarly journals Structure tracking of nuclear wave packet oscillations by femtosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Katayama
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Wave Packet ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Radiation Research ◽  
Research Institute

Progress in technology in recent decades has brought not only huge leaps in our knowledge across many fields, but has also led to the development of new tools that help and support the pursuit of such knowledge. Spectroscopy, the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation, is used in chemistry, physics, astronomy and other fields, and allows scientists to investigate the physical and electronic structure as well as composition of materials. A number of techniques, including X-ray spectroscopy, have been developed to detect and measure materials in this way. Dr Tetsuo Katayama, from the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), is part of a team furthering research in this field.

SEM-based mineralogical mapping at the submicrometer-scale of modern Sardinian stromatolites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Debrie ◽  
Dimitri Prêt ◽  
Karim Benzerara ◽  
Jean Paul Saint Martin
Keyword(s):  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Saint Martin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phase Recognition ◽  
Mineral Mixtures ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Stromatolites, i.e. macroscopically laminated carbonate rocks formed by diverse microbial communities, are particularly emblematic geobiological materials since they are the oldest evidence of life-mineral interactions, dated up to 3.5 Gyrs ago.  They are found throughout the history of the Earth and have received strong attention because they provide precious information about microbial paleobiodiversity and paleoenvironments. However, while this information is interpreted based on our knowledge about modern analogs, the latter remains very incomplete. Here, we studied recently discovered modern stromatolites from Mari Ermi<sup>1</sup>, a coastal pond in Western Sardinia, that seasonally experience severe evaporation and broad salinity variations. For this purpose, we explored the mineralogical composition of these unique sedimentary archives and its spatial variations in order to gain better insight into how mineral phases record the conditions and processes of their formation. We investigated the heterogeneous distribution of minerals using quantitative X-ray chemical maps provided by energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry analyses coupled with scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDXS). Hyperspectral maps were analyzed using an innovative data treatment method <sup>2</sup> allowing phase recognition within the complex mineral mixtures and solid solutions encountered. This method provided quantitative data on spatial distribution, modal content and associated calculated unit formulas for each identified mineral and phase with a hundred nanometer resolution. Based on these results, we will discuss the origin of the laminations in the stromatolites.</p><p>Reference:</p><p>1. Saint Martin, J.-P. & Saint Martin, S. Geo-Eco-Marina <strong>21</strong>, 35–53 (2015a).</p><p>2. Prêt, D. et al. American Mineralogist <strong>95</strong>, 1379–1388 (2010).</p>

Machine Learning Powered by Principal Component Descriptors as the Key for Sorted Structural Fit of XANES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Martini ◽  
Alexander A. Guda ◽  
Sergey A. Guda ◽  
Aram L. Bugaev ◽  
Olga V. Safonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Modern synchrotron radiation sources and free electron laser made X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) an analytical tool for the structural analysis of materials under in situ or operando conditions. Fourier approach...

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