scholarly journals Managing Genetic Diversity and Representation in Banksia marginata (Proteaceae) Seed Production Areas Used for Conservation and Restoration

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Linda Broadhurst ◽  
David Bush ◽  
Jim Begley
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Landscape Degradation ◽  
Native Seed ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Production Areas

Landscape degradation is a major threat to global biodiversity that is being further exacerbated by climate change. Halting or reversing biodiversity decline using seed-based restoration requires tons of seed, most of which is sourced from wild populations. However, in regions where restoration is most urgent, wild seed sources are often fragmented, declining and producing seed with low genetic diversity. Seed production areas (SPAs) can help to reduce the burden of collecting native seed from remnant vegetation, improve genetic diversity in managed seed crops and contribute to species conservation. Banksia marginata (Proteaceae) is a key restoration species in south-eastern Australia but is highly fragmented and declining across much of its range. We evaluated genetic diversity, population genetic structure and relatedness in two B. marginata SPAs and the wild populations from which the SPA germplasm was sourced. We found high levels of relatedness within most remnants and that the population genetic structure was best described by three groups of trees. We suggest that SPAs are likely to be important to meet future native seed demand but that best practice protocols are required to assist land managers design and manage these resources including genetic analyses to guide the selection of germplasm.

Genetic diversity and population genetic structure in fragmented Allocasuarina verticillata (Allocasuarinaceae) – implications for restoration

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. Broadhurst
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Allocasuarina Verticillata ◽  
Seed Crops

Vegetation restoration in fragmented regions is constrained by limited supplies of high quality seed and an understanding of the scale over which seed can be moved without causing negative outcomes. ‘Local’ seed is often prescribed for restoration but in fragmented landscapes this restricts collecting to small, inbred populations. Six polymorphic microsatellites were used to examine genetic diversity and population genetic structure in seed collected from 18 fragmented natural populations and three restored populations of the wind-pollinated and dispersed tree Allocasuarina verticillata, a key restoration species. Smaller populations produced seed crops with significantly fewer alleles, lower allelic richness and less gene diversity. Most of the populations assessed, including the restored sites, produce genetically diverse seed crops suitable for restoration but smaller populations (<30 plants) should be augmented with seed from larger populations. Principal coordinate analysis, graph-theory and Bayesian analyses found little evidence of spatially predictable genetic structure across the study region, which probably reflects long distance gene dispersal preventing the development of strong spatial structure. The absence of strong spatial patterns suggests that seed can be moved beyond current 5–50-km limits while being mindful of strong selection gradients or conditions that might indicate locally adapted populations.

Significant genetic differences among Heterodera schachtii populations within and among sugar beet production areas

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha Haj Nuaima ◽  
Johannes Roeb ◽  
Johannes Hallmann ◽  
Matthias Daub ◽  
Holger Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Heterodera Schachtii ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Neutral Genetic Variation ◽  
Production Areas

Summary Characterising the non-neutral genetic variation within and among populations of plant-parasitic nematodes is essential to determine factors shaping the population genetic structure. This study describes the genetic variation of the parasitism gene vap1 within and among geographic populations of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. Forty populations of H. schachtii were sampled at four spatial scales: 695 km, 49 km, 3.1 km and 0.24 km. DGGE fingerprinting showed significant differences in vap1 patterns among populations. High similarity of vap1 patterns appeared between geographically close populations, and occasionally among distant populations. Analysis of spatially sampled populations within fields revealed an effect of tillage direction on the vap1 similarity for two of four studied fields. Overall, geographic distance and similarity of vap1 patterns of H. schachtii populations were negatively correlated. In conclusion, the population genetic structure was shaped by the interplay between the genetic adaptation and the passive transport of this nematode.

scholarly journals Genomic epidemiology ofMycobacterium bovisinfection in sympatric badger and cattle populations in Northern Ireland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assel Akhmetova ◽  
Jimena Guerrero ◽  
Paul McAdam ◽  
Liliana C.M. Salvador ◽  
Joseph Crispell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Disease Persistence

AbstractBackgroundBovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a costly epidemiologically complex, multi-host, endemic disease. Lack of understanding of transmission dynamics may undermine eradication efforts. Pathogen whole genome sequencing improves epidemiological inferences, providing a means to determine the relative importance of inter- and intra- species host transmission for disease persistence. We sequenced an exceptional data set of 619Mycobacterium bovisisolates from badgers and cattle in a 100km2bTB ‘hotspot’ in Northern Ireland. Historical molecular subtyping data permitted the targeting of an endemic pathogen lineage, whose long-term persistence provided a unique opportunity to study disease transmission dynamics in unparalleled detail. Additionally, to assess whether badger population genetic structure was associated with the spatial distribution of pathogen genetic diversity, we microsatellite genotyped hair samples from 769 badgers trapped in this area.ResultsGraph transmission tree methods and structured coalescent analyses indicated the majority of bacterial diversity was found in the local cattle population. Results pointed to transmission from cattle to badger being more common than badger to cattle. Furthermore, the presence of significant badger population genetic structure in the landscape was not associated with the spatial distribution ofM. bovisgenetic diversity, suggesting that badger-to-badger transmission may not be a key determinant of disease persistence.SignificanceOur data were consistent with badgers playing a smaller role in the maintenance ofM. bovisinfection in this study site, compared to cattle. Comparison to other areas suggests thatM. bovistransmission dynamics are likely to be context dependent, and the role of wildlife difficult to generalise.

scholarly journals Diverging Genetic Structure of Coexisting Populations of the Black Storm-Petrel and the Least Storm-Petrel in the Gulf of California

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 194008292094917
Author(s):  
Misael D. Mancilla-Morales ◽  
Santiago Romero-Fernández ◽  
Araceli Contreras-Rodríguez ◽  
José J. Flores-Martínez ◽  
Víctor Sánchez-Cordero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Storm Petrel

Estimations on the influence of evolutionary and ecological forces as drivers of population gene diversity and genetic structure have been performed on a growing number of colonial seabirds, but many remain poorly studied. In particular, the population genetic structure of storm-petrels (Hydrobatidae) has been evaluated in only a few of the 24 recognized species. We assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of the Black Storm-Petrel ( Hydrobates melania) and the Least Storm-Petrel ( Hydrobates microsoma) in the Gulf of California. The two species were selected because they are pelagic seabirds with comparable ecological traits and breeding grounds. Recent threats such as introduced species of predators and human disturbance have resulted in a decline of many insular vertebrate populations in this region and affected many different aspects of their life histories (ranging from reproductive success to mate selection), with a concomitant loss of genetic diversity. To elucidate to what extent the population genetic structure occurs in H. melania and H. microsoma, we used 719 base pairs from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I gene. The evaluation of their molecular diversity, genetic structure, and gene flow were performed through diversity indices, analyses of molecular and spatial variance, and isolation by distance (IBD) across sampling sites, respectively. The population genetic structure (via AMOVA and SAMOVA) and isolation by distance (pairwise p-distances and FST/1– FST (using ΦST) were inferred for H. microsoma. However, for H. melania evidence was inconclusive. We discuss explanations leading to divergent population genetic structure signatures in these species, and the consequences for their conservation.

scholarly journals Oceanographic features and limited dispersal shape the population genetic structure of the vase sponge Ircinia campana in the Greater Caribbean

Heredity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Griffiths ◽  
Mark J. Butler ◽  
Donald C. Behringer ◽  
Thierry Pérez ◽  
Richard F. Preziosi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Mass Mortalities

AbstractUnderstanding population genetic structure can help us to infer dispersal patterns, predict population resilience and design effective management strategies. For sessile species with limited dispersal, this is especially pertinent because genetic diversity and connectivity are key aspects of their resilience to environmental stressors. Here, we describe the population structure of Ircinia campana, a common Caribbean sponge subject to mass mortalities and disease. Microsatellites were used to genotype 440 individuals from 19 sites throughout the Greater Caribbean. We found strong genetic structure across the region, and significant isolation by distance across the Lesser Antilles, highlighting the influence of limited larval dispersal. We also observed spatial genetic structure patterns congruent with oceanography. This includes evidence of connectivity between sponges in the Florida Keys and the southeast coast of the United States (>700 km away) where the oceanographic environment is dominated by the strong Florida Current. Conversely, the population in southern Belize was strongly differentiated from all other sites, consistent with the presence of dispersal-limiting oceanographic features, including the Gulf of Honduras gyre. At smaller spatial scales (<100 km), sites showed heterogeneous patterns of low-level but significant genetic differentiation (chaotic genetic patchiness), indicative of temporal variability in recruitment or local selective pressures. Genetic diversity was similar across sites, but there was evidence of a genetic bottleneck at one site in Florida where past mass mortalities have occurred. These findings underscore the relationship between regional oceanography and weak larval dispersal in explaining population genetic patterns, and could inform conservation management of the species.

Genetic diversity, Population Genetic Structure and Conservation Management of Spanish Verata Goat Breed

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 106106
Author(s):  
M. Martínez-Trancón ◽  
J.C. Parejo ◽  
A. Rabasco ◽  
P. Padilla ◽  
J.A. Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Goat Breed
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