scholarly journals An MPA Design Approach to Benefit Fisheries: Maximising Larval Export and Minimising Redundancy

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Colm Tong ◽  
Karlo Hock ◽  
Nils C. Krueck ◽  
Vladimir Tyazhelnikov ◽  
Peter J. Mumby

In the design of marine protected areas (MPAs), tailoring reserve placement to facilitate larval export beyond reserve boundaries may support fished populations and fisheries through recruitment subsidies. Intuitively, capturing such connectivity could be purely based on optimising larval dispersal metrics such as export strength. However, this can lead to inefficient or redundant larval connectivity, as the subset of sites with the best connectivity metrics might share many of the same connections, making them, collectively, poor MPA candidates to provide recruitment subsidies to unprotected sites. We propose a simple, dynamic algorithm for reserve placement optimisation designed to select MPAs sequentially, maximising larval export to the overall network, whilst accounting for redundancy in supply from multiple sources. When applied to four regions in the Caribbean, the algorithm consistently outperformed approaches that did not consider supply redundancy, leading to, on average, 20% greater fished biomass in a simulated model. Improvements were most apparent in dense, strongly connected systems such as the Bahamas. Here, MPA placement without redundancy considerations produced fishery benefits worse than random MPA design. Our findings highlight the importance of considering redundancy in MPA design, and offer a novel, simple approach to improving MPA design for achieving fishery objectives.

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1630-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. PAULINA GUARDERAS ◽  
SALLY D. HACKER ◽  
JANE LUBCHENCO

Author(s):  
Per-Olav Moksnes ◽  
Per R. Jonsson

There is growing awareness that ocean life is under unprecedented stress caused by the loss of habitat and biodiversity resulting from human activities. Spatial management by establishing marine protected areas (MPAs) is proposed as an important method to conserve biodiversity, manage fisheries, and increase ecosystem resilience. However, a major challenge in spatial management is that most MPAs and networks of MPAs have been created with little regard to larval dispersal and connectivity within and outside protected areas. Because of the limited understanding of larval connectivity, it is therefore often unclear whether the MPAs are ecologically functional. Larval behavior and dispersal are particularly well studied in benthic crustaceans, making them excellent model organisms to address this challenge.


Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (6479) ◽  
pp. 749.1-749
Author(s):  
Austin J. Gallagher ◽  
Diva J. Amon ◽  
Tadzio Bervoets ◽  
Oliver N. Shipley ◽  
Neil Hammerschlag ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. F. Le Quesne ◽  
Edward A. Codling

Abstract Le Quesne, W. J. F., and Codling, E. A. 2009. Managing mobile species with MPAs: the effects of mobility, larval dispersal, and fishing mortality on closure size. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 122–131. The use of closed areas (marine protected areas, marine reserves, no-take zones) has been suggested as a possible solution to the perceived global fisheries crisis. However, to optimize the design and evaluate the effectiveness of closed areas, we need to understand the interaction between larval dispersal, adult mobility, and fishing mortality. In this paper, a simple, spatially explicit dynamic population model was developed to examine the effects of these interacting factors on optimal closure size and resulting yields. The effect of using one large or several smaller closed areas was also examined. Our model confirmed previous results: closed areas do not improve the yield of populations that are optimally managed or underexploited and, as mobility increases, optimum closure size increases. The model also predicted some interesting counter-intuitive results; for overexploited stocks, the greatest benefit from closed areas can be obtained for stocks with highest mobility, although this may require closure of 85% of the total area. For the tested parameter settings, adult spillover had greater potential to improve yield than larval export, and using several small closed areas rather than a single larger one had the same effect as increasing the mobility of the population.


2017 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Susana Perera-Valderrama ◽  
Héctor Hernández-Arana ◽  
Miguel-Ángel Ruiz-Zárate ◽  
Pedro M. Alcolado ◽  
Hansel Caballero-Aragón ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Carsten Lüter ◽  
Jana Hoffmann ◽  
Alan Logan

ABSTRACTUltrastructural examination of the brachiopod Thecidellina from three different locations in the Caribbean and the Atlantic revealed that at least three cryptic species are present. One is the type species of the genus, Thecidellina barretti, which may only occur in Jamaica. The other two, previously lumped into T. barretti, are new to science, viz T. bahamiensis Lüter & Logan sp. nov. from the Bahamas and T. williamsi Lüter & Logan sp. nov. from Cape Verde. All three species clearly differ not only in their provenance, but also in specific shell characters, such as spiculation of the ventral valve, presence of a ventral median ridge, shape of two holes in the intrabrachial ridge of the dorsal valve and the structure of the interbrachial lobes. The identification of three instead of a single species and their supposed allopatric speciation is discussed with regard to the thecideide life cycle and independent models of larval dispersal in the Caribbean, based on oceanographic data.


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