Cydalima perspectalis in Poland—8 Years of Invasion against the Background of Three Other Invasive Species

The box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis) origins from East Asia. In Europe, it was recorded for the first time in 2007, and in Poland in 2012. By the end of 2020, it was found all over Poland. There are no published data on the range of C. perspectalis occurrence in Poland because it is not a quarantine pest in the European Union and is not subject to official monitoring. Data collected in 2018–2020 via a website dedicated to monitoring, for the first time, illustrate the current range and its largest concentrations in southern and central Poland. The monitoring confirmed that the main directions of the invasion are related to the main communication routes of Poland (south-north) and are of a long-distance character. The dispersal pattern corresponds to the model developed for Cameraria ohridella: a stratified dispersal model that considers long-distance road/rail transport. The second important factor contributing to the invasion of C. perspectalis are large human communities enabling rapid local dispersion (a diffusion model). Comparing its invasion with the monitoring data from 2007–2013 of two other invasive pests of Poland: Ostrinia nubilalis and Diabrotica virgifera, shows that a diffusion model best describes the spatial spread of these pests only to uninhabited neighboring areas.

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Acanthocnemidae (Coleoptera), a family of beetles new to Russia

Zoosystematica Rossica ◽

10.31610/zsr/2011.20.1.71 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 71-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ya.N. Kovalenko

Keyword(s):

Time Distribution ◽

Published Data ◽

First Time

Acanthocnemus nigricans (Hope, 1843), a single recent representative of the beetle family Acanthocnemidae, is reported from Russia for the first time. Distribution, probable ways of dispersion and the published data on the biology of A. nigricans are discussed.

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Feasibility and Evaluation of Automated Methods for Radiolabeling of Radiopharmaceutical Kits with Gallium-68

Current Radiopharmaceuticals ◽

10.2174/1874471012666190110170623 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 229-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alban Revy ◽

François Hallouard ◽

Sandrine Joyeux-Klamber ◽

Andrea Skanjeti ◽

Catherine Rioufol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The European Union ◽

Preparation Time ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Manual Method ◽

Personnel Costs ◽

Automated Method ◽

Gallium 68 ◽

The Right ◽

First Time ◽

Automated Methods

Objective: Recent gallium-68 labeled peptides are of increasing interest in PET imaging in nuclear medicine. Somakit TOC® is a radiopharmaceutical kit registered in the European Union for the preparation of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC used for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors. Development of a labeling process using a synthesizer is particularly interesting for the quality and reproducibility of the final product although only manual processes are described in the Summary of Product (SmPC) of the registered product. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the feasibility and value of using an automated synthesizer for the preparation of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC according to the SmPC of the Somakit TOC®. Methods: Three methods of preparation were compared; each followed the SmPC of the Somakit TOC®. Over time, overheads, and overexposure were evaluated for each method. Results: Mean±SD preparation time was 26.2±0.3 minutes for the manual method, 28±0.5 minutes for the semi-automated, and 40.3±0.2 minutes for the automated method. Overcost of the semi-automated method is 0.25€ per preparation for consumables and from 0.58€ to 0.92€ for personnel costs according to the operator (respectively, technician or pharmacist). For the automated method, overcost is 70€ for consumables and from 4.06€ to 6.44€ for personnel. For the manual method, extremity exposure was 0.425mSv for the right finger, and 0.350mSv for the left finger; for both the semi-automated and automated method extremity exposure were below the limit of quantification. Conclusion: The present study reports for the first time both the feasibility of using a [68Ga]- radiopharmaceutical kit with a synthesizer and the limits for the development of a fully automated process.

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Chromosomal painting of the sandpiper (Actitis macularius) detects several fissions for the Scolopacidae family (Charadriiformes)

BMC Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1186/s12862-020-01737-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Melquizedec Luiz Silva Pinheiro ◽

Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi ◽

Talita Fernanda Augusto Ribas ◽

Cristovam Guerreiro Diniz ◽

Patricia Caroline Mary O´Brien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Painting ◽

Diploid Number ◽

Chromosomal Evolution ◽

Long Distance ◽

Chromosomal Painting ◽

Cytogenetic Studies ◽

Burhinus Oedicnemus ◽

Clear Idea ◽

First Time

Abstract Background The Scolopacidae family (Suborder Scolopaci, Charadriiformes) is composed of sandpipers and snipes; these birds are long-distance migrants that show great diversity in their behavior and habitat use. Cytogenetic studies in the Scolopacidae family show the highest diploid numbers for order Charadriiformes. This work analyzes for the first time the karyotype of Actitis macularius by classic cytogenetics and chromosome painting. Results The species has a diploid number of 92, composed mostly of telocentric pairs. This high 2n is greater than the proposed 80 for the avian ancestral putative karyotype (a common feature among Scolopaci), suggesting that fission rearrangements have formed smaller macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using Burhinus oedicnemus whole chromosome probes confirmed the fissions in pairs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 of macrochromosomes. Conclusion Comparative analysis with other species of Charadriiformes studied by chromosome painting together with the molecular phylogenies for the order allowed us to raise hypotheses about the chromosomal evolution in suborder Scolopaci. From this, we can establish a clear idea of how chromosomal evolution occurred in this suborder.

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New evidence of arsenic translocation and accumulation in Pteris vittata from real-time imaging using positron-emitting 74As tracer

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91374-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yi Huang-Takeshi Kohda ◽

Zhaojie Qian ◽

Mei-Fang Chien ◽

Keisuke Miyauchi ◽

Ginro Endo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Imaging System ◽

Pteris Vittata ◽

Long Distance ◽

Long Distance Transport ◽

Hydroponic Cultivation ◽

Tracer Imaging ◽

Serial Images ◽

First Time ◽

New Evidence ◽

Hyperaccumulator Plant

AbstractPteris vittata is an arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator plant that accumulates a large amount of As into fronds and rhizomes (around 16,000 mg/kg in both after 16 weeks hydroponic cultivation with 30 mg/L arsenate). However, the sequence of long-distance transport of As in this hyperaccumulator plant is unclear. In this study, we used a positron-emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS) for the first time to obtain noninvasive serial images of As behavior in living plants with positron-emitting 74As-labeled tracer. We found that As kept accumulating in rhizomes as in fronds of P. vittata, whereas As was retained in roots of a non-accumulator plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Autoradiograph results of As distribution in P. vittata showed that with low As exposure, As was predominantly accumulated in young fronds and the midrib and rachis of mature fronds. Under high As exposure, As accumulation shifted from young fronds to mature fronds, especially in the margin of pinna, which resulted in necrotic symptoms, turning the marginal color to gray and then brown. Our results indicated that the function of rhizomes in P. vittata was As accumulation and the regulation of As translocation to the mature fronds to protect the young fronds under high As exposure.

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To bee or not to beet with neonicotinoids

Environmental Law Review ◽

10.1177/14614529211021194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 103-109

Author(s):

Lynda M. Warren

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

The European Union ◽

Environmental Standards ◽

Economic Interests ◽

Precautionary Approach ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Commercial Sugar ◽

The Uk ◽

First Time

In January 2021 the UK government granted an application for authorisation to use thiamethoxam, a neonicotinoid pesticide, to protect commercial sugar beet crops from attack by viruses transmitted by aphids. This was the first time such an authorisation had been granted in the United Kingdom (UK) and there were concerns that it signalled a weakening of environmental standards now that the UK was no longer part of the European Union. In fact, similar authorisations had been granted by several European Member States in the last 2 years, despite the ban on the use of neonicotinoids introduced in 2018. Nevertheless, the reasons for granting the authorisation do suggest that the balance between adopting a precautionary approach to environmental protection and taking emergency action to protect economic interests may have shifted. It was acknowledged that the proposed mitigation to safeguard bees and other wildlife was not entirely satisfactory. In the end, due to unforeseen weather conditions it meant that the pesticide is not necessary, which in itself demonstrates that short-term emergency measures are unsuitable for dealing with the problem. If the sugar beet industry is to continue to prosper in the UK, it will need to be managed in a way that provides resistance to virus infection without the use of controversial chemicals.

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Characteristics of event recorders in Automatic Train Control systems

Archives of Transport ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0012.2103 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 61-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marianna Jacyna ◽

Emilian Szczepański ◽

Mariusz Izdebski ◽

Sławomir Jasiński ◽

Mariusz Maciejewski

Keyword(s):

Essential Element ◽

The European Union ◽

Railway Transport ◽

Long Distance ◽

Train Control ◽

Data Collection And Analysis ◽

Information Engineering ◽

Safety Systems ◽

Safety Procedures ◽

General Specification

The development of railway transport in the current times is very noticeable, it is connected with the growing needs of movement as well as the development of information engineering. The increase in the demand for transport requires the implementation of solutions that increase the efficiency of the transport system. Both long-distance, agglomeration and metro railways can use different systems due to their specificity. Nevertheless, there is a noticeable trend in the development of systems supporting or even replacing the driver by the automation of selected activities. Such systems allow to reduce trains headway and thus increase the capacity of the line. CBTC class systems (Communications-based train control) belong to automatic train systems and are based on wireless transmission. The main purpose of using such systems is to increase the frequency of running trains while maintaining the level of safety. Computers that are on the system equipment record, process and analyse very large amounts of data. An essential element of such systems are recording units. The parameter recorders can be divided into technical and legal ones. However, for CBTC class systems, there is no obligation or requirement to use legal recorders as it is in the case of ETCS. However, it is necessary to use event recorders, and these are subject to the requirements set out in the PN-EN 62625-1: 2014 standard. The recorders are a very important component of safety systems, which is why they were analysed in this article. Both the driver, the vehicle and the infrastructure should be subject of continuous monitoring. The occurrence of an adverse event (not necessarily leading to an incident or accident) should be analysed and used to improve safety procedures. Currently, automatic systems are still developing and we are not able to accurately assess what the causes and effects of certain events may be, which is why data collection and analysis is particularly important. The article presents the general specification of the CBTC system. The parameters and properties of driving recorders should be presented. This article is co-financed by the European Union POIR.01.01.01-00-0276/17

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First record of the land operculate snail Cyclophorus pfeifferi Reeve, 1861 (Mollusca, Cyclophoroidea, Cyclophoridae) from India

Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” ◽

10.3897/travaux.63.e48523 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 51-61

Author(s):

Sheikh Sajan ◽

Deepti Kumari ◽

Sonam Jahan ◽

Arghya Chakrabarty ◽

Sandeep Kushwaha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Range Expansion ◽

East Asian ◽

First Record ◽

Land Snail ◽

Long Distance Dispersal ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Long Distance ◽

Tiger Reserve ◽

Dispersal Abilities ◽

First Time

Through the present manuscript, we are reporting for the first time the presence of Cyclophorus pfeifferi Reeve, 1861 in India. Previously, this species of land snail was reported only from South-East Asian countries Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. The specimens were collected during field sur- veys in Dampa Tiger Reserve in Mizoram state, India. The presence of C. pfeifferi in India reveals the range expansion and long-distance dispersal abilities of the species. Here we discuss the taxonomy, ecology and possible routes of dispersal of the species in India.

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Molecular identification of cyst-forming nematodes (Heteroderidae) from Iran and a phylogeny based on ITS-rDNA sequences

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854102765216731 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 99-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Zahra Tanha Maafi ◽

Sergei Subbotin ◽

Maurice Moens

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Species Level ◽

Its Rdna ◽

Heterodera Avenae ◽

Published Data ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

First Time ◽

Group Species ◽

High Support ◽

Different Parts

Abstract RFLP and sequences of ITS-rDNA of 45 populations of cyst-forming nematodes collected from different parts of Iran were analysed and identified as representatives of 21 species. Eight enzymes generated RFLP for all studied populations. Comparison of RFLP profiles and sequences of the ITS regions with published data confirmed the presence of Heterodera avenae, H. filipjevi, H. glycines, H. hordecalis, H. latipons, H. schachtii and H. trifolii in Iran. RFLP patterns and ITS sequences for H. elachista, H. turcomanica, H. mothi and C. cacti were obtained for the first time in this study. Heterodera humuli, H. goettingiana, H. fici, H. elachista, H. turcomanica and Cactodera cacti are recorded for the first time in Iran. These results correspond with morphological and morphometric identification of the populations. Several populations were not identified at the species level and are attributed to Heterodera sp.; some of these may correspond to new species. Twenty-one new sequences from Iranian cyst-forming nematodes and 36 known sequences were used for the phylogenetic analyses. The cyst-forming nematodes formed several clades corresponding to their morphological features. Heterodera mothi and H. elachista clustered with high support with other Cyperi group species and H. turcomanica formed a moderately to highly supported clade with the Humuli group.

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Travel distance and human movement predict paths of emergence and spatial spread of chikungunya in Thailand

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268818001917 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 146 (13) ◽

pp. 1654-1662 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Chadsuthi ◽

B. M. Althouse ◽

S. Iamsirithaworn ◽

W. Triampo ◽

K. H. Grantz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Movement ◽

Spatial Distance ◽

Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽

Rubber Plantation ◽

Population Mobility ◽

Long Distance ◽

Spatial Spread ◽

Incidence Data ◽

Southern Thailand ◽

The Impact

AbstractHuman movement contributes to the probability that pathogens will be introduced to new geographic locations. Here we investigate the impact of human movement on the spatial spread of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Southern Thailand during a recent re-emergence. We hypothesised that human movement, population density, the presence of habitat conducive to vectors, rainfall and temperature affect the transmission of CHIKV and the spatiotemporal pattern of cases seen during the emergence. We fit metapopulation transmission models to CHIKV incidence data. The dates at which incidence in each of 151 districts in Southern Thailand exceeded specified thresholds were the target of model fits. We confronted multiple alternative models to determine which factors were most influential in the spatial spread. We considered multiple measures of spatial distance between districts and adjacency networks and also looked for evidence of long-distance translocation (LDT) events. The best fit model included driving-distance between districts, human movement, rubber plantation area and three LDT events. This work has important implications for predicting the spatial spread and targeting resources for control in future CHIKV emergences. Our modelling framework could also be adapted to other disease systems where population mobility may drive the spatial advance of outbreaks.

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Explaining the European Union’s Changing Position towards the Gibraltar Question after the Brexit Referendum

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.2478/mjss-2018-0069 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (4-1) ◽

pp. 21-30

Author(s):

Uğur Burç Yıldız İ ◽

Anıl Çamyamaç

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

Political Parties ◽

International Law ◽

Social Constructivism ◽

The European Union ◽

Member States ◽

Policy Choices ◽

Near Future ◽

First Time

Abstract Having previously remained impartial on the Gibraltar question between Spain and Britain since both were member states, the European Union suddenly changed its position after the Brexit referendum in favor of the Spanish government at the expense of breaching international law. In doing so, the European Union, for the first time, created a foreign policy on the long-standing Gibraltar question. This article explores the reasons behind the creation of this foreign policy in support of Spain. The European Union feared that the idea of Euroscepticism may escalate among remaining member states after the Brexit referendum because of wide-spread claims that it would dissolve in the near future, fuelled by farright political parties. The European Union therefore created a foreign policy regarding Gibraltar in Spain’s favor in order to promote a “sense of community” for thwarting a further rise in Euroscepticism. While making its analysis, the article applies the assumption of social constructivism that ideas shape interests, which then determine the foreign policy choices of actors.

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