The “Virtual Biopsy” of Cancerous Lesions in 3D: Non-Invasive Differentiation between Melanoma and Other Lesions Using Vibrational Optical Coherence Tomography

Early detection of skin cancer is of critical importance to provide five year survival rates that approach 99%. By 2050, one out of five Americans by age 70 will develop some form of skin cancer. This will result in a projected rate of 50 million skin biopsies per year given the current rate of escalation. In addition, the ability to differentiate between pigmented lesions and melanomas has proven a diagnostic challenge. While dermoscopy and visual analysis are useful in identifying many skin lesions, additional non-invasive techniques are needed to assist in the analysis of difficult to diagnose skin tumors. To augment dermoscopy data, we have developed 3D maps based on physical biomarker characteristics of benign and cancerous lesions using vibrational optical coherence tomography (VOCT). 3D images based on quantitative physical data involving changes in cellular and fibrous tissue stiffness along with changes in vascular quality are used to map and evaluate different types of cancers. 3D tumor maps constructed using quantitative VOCT data and OCT images have been used to characterize the differences between melanoma and other lesions. These characteristics can be used to plan the excision of difficult lesions where extensive surgery may be needed to remove the entire tumor in one step. In addition, it is now possible to use dermoscopy and VOCT to non-invasively differentiate between different cancerous lesion types using measurements of the resonant frequency of new cellular and vascular peaks. Quantitative VOCT information along with dermoscopic findings can be collected and analyzed remotely using artificial intelligence to improve cancerous tissue diagnosis.

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LIGHT-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY OF BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences ◽

10.1142/s1793545809000607 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 02 (03) ◽

pp. 261-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

EKATERINA BORISOVA ◽

ELFRIDA CARSTEA ◽

LUMINITA CRISTESCU ◽

ELMIRA PAVLOVA ◽

NIKOLAY HADJIOLOV ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽

Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Basal Cell ◽

Normal Skin ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Optical Coherence

Many up-to-date optical techniques have been developed and applied recently in clinical practice for obtaining qualitatively and quantitatively new data from the investigated lesions. Due to their high sensitivity in detection of small changes, these techniques are widely used for detection of early changes in biological tissues. Light-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) is one of the most promising techniques for early detection of cutaneous neoplasia. Increasing number of recent publications have suggested that optical coherence tomography (OCT) also has potential for non-invasive diagnosis of skin cancer. This recent work is a part of clinical trial procedure for introduction of LIFS technique into the common medical practice in National Oncological Medical Center in Bulgaria for diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer. We focus our attention here on basal cell carcinoma lesions and their specific features revealed by LIFS and OCT analysis. In this paper we prove the efficiency of using the combined LIFS-OCT method in skin lesions studies by integrating the complimentary qualities of each particular technique. For LIFS measurements several excitation sources, each emitting at 365, 385 and 405 nm maxima are applied. An associated microspectrometer detects in vivo the fluorescence signals from human skin. The main spectral features of the lesions and normal skin are discussed and their possible origins are indicated. OCT images are used to evaluate the lesion thickness, structure and severity stage, when possible. The obtained results could be used to develop a more complete picture of optical properties of these widely spread skin disorders. At the same time, our studies show that the combined LIFS-OCT method could be introduced in clinical algorithms for early tumor detection and differentiation between normal/benign/malignant skin lesions.

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Non-invasive three-dimensional thickness analysis of oral epithelium based on optical coherence tomography—development and diagnostic performance

Heliyon ◽

10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06645 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. e06645

Author(s):

Charlotte Theresa Trebing ◽

Sinan Sen ◽

Stefan Rues ◽

Christopher Herpel ◽

Maria Schöllhorn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Diagnostic Performance ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Oral Epithelium ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Non Invasive

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Optical Coherence Tomography of Peri-Ocular Skin Cancers: An Optical Biopsy

Ocular Oncology and Pathology ◽

10.1159/000511188 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Sabrina Bergeron ◽

Bryan Arthurs ◽

Debra-Meghan Sanft ◽

Christina Mastromonaco ◽

Miguel N. Burnier Jr.

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Basal Cell ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Sebaceous Carcinoma ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Oct Imaging

Introduction: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has been used as a diagnostic tool for retinal disease for several years, and OCT apparatuses are becoming increasingly powerful. However, OCT has yet to reach its full potential in ophthalmology clinics. Alike retinal layers, it has been shown that OCT is able to generate cross-sectional images of the skin and allows visualization of skin lesions in a histopathology-like manner. Objective: We aim to validate OCT as an imaging modality for peri-ocular skin cancer. Through a series of cases, we highlight findings for 3 common eyelid malignancies: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and sebaceous carcinoma. We propose an OCT image-based signature for basal cell carcinoma. Methods: This is a prospective study. Fifty-eight lesions suspicious of malignancy from 57 patients were subjected to OCT imaging prior to the surgical excision of the lesion. OCT images were analysed and scored according to previously identified OCT features. Eight representative examples are presented, highlighting the OCT patterns for each malignancy side by side to its corresponding histopathological sections. Results: Out of the 58 lesions analysed, 53 were malignant. A loss of the dermal-epidermal junction is observed in all malignant lesions. A strong link is observed between the presence of subepithelial hyporeflective nests on OCT and the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (present in 83% of cases). Conversely, lesions of epithelial origin such as squamous cell carcinoma are most often represented on OCT by acanthosis. Two supplementary cases, one basal cell carcinoma and one sebaceous carcinoma, are provided to illustrate how OCT imaging is a valuable tool in cases where clinical observations may be unusual. Conclusions: We provide evidence supporting the use of OCT for the evaluation of peri-ocular cancers. OCT enables visualization of the skin layers in vivo, before biopsy. Our results show that certain OCT features can contribute to include or exclude a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma. By integrating this non-invasive imaging methodology into the routine assessment of peri-ocular skin lesions, especially in health care centres where access to specialists is limited, OCT imaging can increase clinical precision, reduce delays in patient referral and enhance patient care.

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Label-free non-invasive classification of rice seeds using optical coherence tomography assisted with deep neural network

Optics & Laser Technology ◽

10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106861 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 137 ◽

pp. 106861

Author(s):

Deepa Joshi ◽

Ankit Butola ◽

Sheetal Raosaheb Kanade ◽

Dilip K. Prasad ◽

S.V. Amitha Mithra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Deep Neural Network ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Label Free ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Rice Seeds

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Monitoring New Long-Lasting Intravitreal Formulation for Glaucoma with Vitreous Images Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13020217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Maria Jesus Rodrigo ◽

Amaya Pérez del Palomar ◽

Alberto Montolío ◽

Silvia Mendez-Martinez ◽

Manuel Subias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Relative Intensity ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Pigment Epithelium ◽

Retinal Pigment ◽

Aggregate Size ◽

Daily Practice ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Invasive Method

Intravitreal injection is the gold standard therapeutic option for posterior segment pathologies, and long-lasting release is necessary to avoid reinjections. There is no effective intravitreal treatment for glaucoma or other optic neuropathies in daily practice, nor is there a non-invasive method to monitor drug levels in the vitreous. Here we show that a glaucoma treatment combining a hypotensive and neuroprotective intravitreal formulation (IF) of brimonidine–Laponite (BRI/LAP) can be monitored non-invasively using vitreoretinal interface imaging captured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) over 24 weeks of follow-up. Qualitative and quantitative characterisation was achieved by analysing the changes in vitreous (VIT) signal intensity, expressed as a ratio of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) intensity. Vitreous hyperreflective aggregates mixed in the vitreous and tended to settle on the retinal surface. Relative intensity and aggregate size progressively decreased over 24 weeks in treated rat eyes as the BRI/LAP IF degraded. VIT/RPE relative intensity and total aggregate area correlated with brimonidine levels measured in the eye. The OCT-derived VIT/RPE relative intensity may be a useful and objective marker for non-invasive monitoring of BRI/LAP IF.

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