scholarly journals Treatment of Dental Anxiety and Phobia—Diagnostic Criteria and Conceptual Model of Behavioural Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Ulla Wide ◽  
Magnus Hakeberg
Keyword(s):  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Time Treatment

Dental anxiety and dental phobia are still prevalent among adult individuals and should be considered a dental public health issue. Dental anxiety/phobia is often described as a vicious cycle where avoidance of dental care, poor oral health, and psychosocial effects are common features, often escalating over time. Treatment should include therapy for dental anxiety/phobia and oral diseases. This paper discusses aetiology, prevalence, and diagnosis of dental anxiety/phobia and, in detail, presents a conceptual treatment model at the Dental Fears Research and Treatment Center in Gothenburg, Sweden. In addition, based on systematic reviews, evidence-based treatment for dental anxiety is revealed including the interdisciplinary approach between psychology and dentistry.

scholarly journals Long Hours, Uneasy Feelings: Parliamentary Work in Denmark, Finland and Sweden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Mannevuo ◽  
Jenni M Rinne ◽  
Isak Vento
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Psychological Strain ◽  
Work Pressure ◽  
The World

AbstractPoliticians’ work pressure is gaining more attention in parliamentary studies. To participate in the discussion about governing under pressure, this article offers an interdisciplinary approach to investigate how representatives navigate within a flexible, limitless work culture. This article presents a new inquiry to re-examine contemporary political agency by combining cultural studies theories with empirical insights in Nordic countries. By analysing 52 semi-structured interviews with MPs in Denmark, Finland and Sweden, the study finds that politics attracts people who want to change the world, but these attributes may initiate a vicious cycle, taking the form of psychological strain.

Kidney Protection

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Renal Protection ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Kidney Protection ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Busy Clinician

Kidney disease is a crippling disease that affects approximately ten percent of the population worldwide, with more than 2.6 million individuals estimated to receive renal replace therapy. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is fast becoming a major public health issue even in resource poor settings, with some estimates predicting a disproportionate increase in countries such as China and India. Consequently, renal protection has become a vital and critical component of prevention. While observational data suggests that awareness remains low, the concept of renal protection is currently under-recognized in promoting recovery as well as preventing further renal loss. Kidney Protection: Strategies for Renal Preservation is a clinically applicable review of the current medical care and research that aims to address the awareness gap. The authors combine renal protection research and clinical practices with an interdisciplinary approach that is inclusive of nephrology,urology, critical care, anesthesia, emergency medicine and clinical medicine.Written by experts in the field of nephrology, the authors have also included applicable photographs and line drawings. The specific topics covered include: protection of the kidneys in hypertension, diabetes and heart disease, exposure to contrast including coronary angiogram, atherosclerosis, and more. This handbook is formatted to emphasize clinical practice points and major systemic illnesses. Additionally, it features the latest evidence-based practice guidelines for optimal renal outcomes, thus, making it a concise reference for the busy clinician interested in understanding the basics of kidney disease assessment, renal injury prevention, and renal preservation.

scholarly journals Extramedullary Plasmacytoma Diagnosed in an HIV-Positive Patient by an Unusual Clinical Presentation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Paulo de Camargo Moraes ◽  
Luiz Alexandre Thomaz ◽  
Victor Angelo Martins Montalli ◽  
José Luiz Cintra Junqueira ◽  
Camila Maria Beder Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Extramedullary Plasmacytoma ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Infected Woman

The aim of this paper is to describe a case report of EMP in an HIV-positive patient. A 44-year-old, dark-skinned HIV-infected woman was referred to the Oral Diseases Treatment Center with a swelling at palate and left gingival fornix in the maxilla. Biopsy was taken and the oral lesion was diagnosed as EMP with well-differentiated plasma cells and restriction of the lambda light-chain. Skeletal survey was performed and no radiograph alterations were observed, thus supporting the diagnosis of EMP. Patient was referred to treatment and after two months of chemo and radiotherapy, an expanding lesion was observed in L5/S1 patient’s vertebrae. Biopsy of the spinal lesion was consistent with lymphoma with plasmocitary differentiation, supporting the diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM). Regarding the medical history, the final diagnostic was an oral extramedullary plasmacytoma with rapid progression into multiple myeloma. It is crucial to emphasize the relevance of HIV infection as a risk factor for both aggressive clinical behavior and unusual clinical presentation of extramedullary plasmacytoma cases.

scholarly journals Efficiency of dental health care in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Šejla Cilović Lagarija ◽  
Mediha Selimović-Dragaš
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Dental Health Care

Introduction: Despite the great improvements in the oral health status of the population across the world, oral diseases remains a major public health issue connected with a lost of numerous school days for childrenand absenteeism from work in adults. This effect is particularly evident in low and middle income countries as Bosnia and Herzegovina. This retrospective study presents the effi ciency of dental health carein Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina measured by number of visits and performed dental treatments during the time period of six years, from 2005-2011.Methods: Data were collected by evaluation of the results obtained by forms which are mandatory to be completed by dentists.Results: The number of graduated dentists from 2007 to 2011 decreased from 108 in 2007 to 68 in 2011. In the same time, number of dentists employed in public sector slightly increased from 529 in 2005 to587 in 2011. Number of extracted permanent teeth decreased from the 412 extracted permanent teeth per dentist in 2005 to 364 in 2011. Small number of fi lled primary teeth comparing to large number ofextracted primary teeth showed negligence in their treatment.Conclusion: Having in mind that improving oral health in developing countries is a very challenging objective we can conclude that dental health care system in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina need to bereform in order to improve oral health in general, particularly in children population.

scholarly journals Elder Abuse in America

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-193
Author(s):  
Sabrina Pickens ◽  
Carmel B. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
Adult Protective Services ◽  
Lay Public

Elder abuse is a serious social and public health issue with estimates of approximately five and a half million annual reports in the U.S. Identifying and treating abused elders is difficult due to unstandardized protocols and identification guidelines as well as a lack of public awareness to the problem. An interdisciplinary approach in collaboration with Adult Protective Services investigation is paramount to the assessment and care for mistreated elders. Educating healthcare professionals, other professions, and the lay public through social media, local news, and community education can increase awareness to this often overlooked problem.

scholarly journals Modelling health belief predictors of oral health and dental anxiety among adolescents based on the Health Belief Model: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilu Xiang ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Antonio P. Perfecto ◽  
Colman P. J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background A vicious cycle exists between dental anxiety, oral health behaviors and oral health status. Based on previous research, psychological factors of the Health Belief Model (HBM) are associated with oral health behaviors and oral health, and are likely involved in this cycle. However, little is known about the relationship between HBM factors and dental anxiety of adolescents. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between health belief factors, oral health and dental anxiety based on the constructs of the HBM. Methods 1207 Grade 2 students from 12 secondary schools in Hong Kong were randomly selected and measured for the decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index. Data for oral health behaviors, HBM constructs and dental anxiety were collected using questionnaires. The hierarchical entry of explanatory variables into logistic regression models estimating prevalence odds ratios (POR) were analyzed and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for DMFT and dental anxiety were generated. Path analysis was used to evaluate the appropriateness of the HBM as predictors for oral health behaviors, DMFT and dental anxiety. Results Based on the full model analysis, individuals with higher perceived susceptibility of oral diseases (POR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14–1.56) or girls or whose mother received higher education level were likelier to have a DMFT≥1, while those with higher perceived severity (POR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.09–1.57), flossing weekly, DMFT≥1 or higher general anxiety level statistically increases the possibility of dental anxiety. The results from path analysis indicated that stronger perceived susceptibility, greater severity of oral diseases, less performing of oral health behaviors and a higher score of DMFT were directly related to increased dental anxiety level. Other HBM variables, such as perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy beliefs, cues to action and perceived barriers, might influence dental anxiety through oral health behaviors and caries status. Conclusions Clarifying the propositional structures of the HBM may help the future design of theory-based interventions in reducing dental anxiety and preventing dental caries.

scholarly journals Anti-VEGF Treatment Strategies for Wet AMD

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn L. Kovach ◽  
Stephen G. Schwartz ◽  
Harry W. Flynn ◽  
Ingrid U. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Monthly Dosing ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Wet Amd

Over the past few years, antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has become a standard treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). During this time, treatment strategies have evolved from a monthly dosing schedule to individualized regimens. This paper will review the currently available anti-VEGF agents and evidence-based treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Assessing Viral Shedding and Infectivity of Asymptomatic or Mildly Symptomatic Patients with COVID-19 in a Later Phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujin Sohn ◽  
Su Jin Jeong ◽  
Won Suk Chung ◽  
Jong Hoon Hyun ◽  
Yae Jee Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Rna ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Viral Culture ◽  
Later Phase

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a major global public health issue. SARS-CoV-2 infection is confirmed by the detection of viral RNA using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Prolonged viral shedding has been reported in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the presence of viral RNA does not always correlate with infectivity. Therefore, the present study aimed to confirm the presence of viable virus in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients in the later phase of the disease, more than two weeks after diagnosis. Method: Asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients who had been diagnosed with the disease at least two weeks previously and admitted to a community treatment center (CTC) from 15 March to 10 April 2020 were enrolled in this study. Nasopharyngeal and salivary swab specimens were collected from each patient. Using these specimens, RT-PCR assay and viral culture were performed. Result: In total, 48 patients were enrolled in this study. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patient groups. RT-PCR assay and viral culture of SARS-CoV-2 were performed using nasopharyngeal and salivary swabs. The results of RT-PCR performed using salivary swab specimens, in terms of cycle threshold (Ct) values, were similar to those of RT-PCR using nasopharyngeal swab specimens. In addition, no viable virus could be cultured from swab specimens collected from the late-phase COVID-19 patients with prolonged viral RNA shedding. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study suggests that even if viral shedding is sustained in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with later phase of COVID-19, it can be expected that the transmission risk of the virus is low. In addition, saliva can be used as a reliable specimen for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Modelling health belief predictors of oral health and dental anxiety among adolescents based on the Health Belief Model: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilu Xiang ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Antonio P. Perfecto ◽  
Colman P.J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background: A vicious cycle exists between dental anxiety, oral health behaviors and oral health status. Based on previous research, psychological factors of the Health Belief Model (HBM) are associated with oral health behaviors and oral health, and are likely involved in this cycle. However, little is known about the relationship between HBM factors and dental anxiety of adolescents. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between health belief factors, oral health and dental anxiety based on the constructs of the HBM. Methods: 1207 Grade 2 students from 12 secondary schools in Hong Kong were randomly selected and measured for the decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index. Data for oral health behaviors, HBM constructs and dental anxiety were collected using questionnaires. The hierarchical entry of explanatory variables into logistic regression models estimating prevalence odds ratios (POR) were analyzed and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for DMFT and dental anxiety were generated. Path analysis was used to evaluate the appropriateness of the HBM as predictors for oral health behaviors, DMFT and dental anxiety. Results: Based on the full model analysis, individuals with higher perceived susceptibility of oral diseases (POR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14-1.56) or girls or whose mother received higher education level were likelier to have a DMFT≥1, while those with higher perceived severity (POR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.09-1.57), flossing weekly, DMFT≥1 or higher general anxiety level statistically increases the possibility of dental anxiety. The results from path analysis indicated that stronger perceived susceptibility, greater severity of oral diseases, less performing of oral health behaviors and a higher score of DMFT were directly related to increased dental anxiety level. Other HBM variables, such as perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy beliefs, cues to action and perceived barriers, might influence dental anxiety through oral health behaviors and caries status. Conclusions: Clarifying the propositional structures of the HBM may help the future design of theory-based interventions in reducing dental anxiety and preventing dental caries.

scholarly journals Modelling Health Belief Predictors of Oral Health and Dental Anxiety Among Adolescents Based on the Health Belief Model: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilu Xiang ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Antonio P. Perfecto ◽  
Colman P.J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background: A vicious cycle exists between dental anxiety, oral health behaviors and oral health status. Based on previous research, psychological factors of the Health Belief Model (HBM) are associated with oral health behaviors and oral health, and are likely involved in this cycle. However, little is known about the relationship between HBM factors and dental anxiety of adolescents. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between health belief factors, oral health and dental anxiety based on the constructs of the HBM.Methods: 1207 Grade 2 students from 12 secondary schools in Hong Kong were randomly selected and measured for the decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index. Data for oral health behaviors, HBM constructs and dental anxiety were collected using questionnaires. The hierarchical entry of explanatory variables into logistic regression models estimating prevalence odds ratios (POR) were analyzed and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for DMFT and dental anxiety were generated. Path analysis was used to evaluate the appropriateness of the HBM as predictors for oral health behaviors, DMFT and dental anxiety.Results: Based on the full model analysis, individuals with higher perceived susceptibility of oral diseases (POR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14-1.56) or girls or whose mother received higher education level were likelier to have a DMFT≥1, while those with higher perceived severity (POR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.09-1.57), flossing weekly, DMFT≥1 or higher general anxiety level statistically increases the possibility of dental anxiety. The results from path analysis indicated that stronger perceived susceptibility, greater severity of oral diseases, less performing of oral health behaviors and a higher score of DMFT were directly related to increased dental anxiety level. Other HBM variables, such as perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy beliefs, cues to action and perceived barriers, might influence dental anxiety through oral health behaviors and caries status.Conclusions: Clarifying the propositional structures of the HBM can help the future design of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing dental anxiety and preventing dental caries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document