scholarly journals Entropy Analysis of Solar Two-Step Thermochemical Cycles for Water and Carbon Dioxide Splitting

Entropy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Lange ◽  
Martin Roeb ◽  
Christian Sattler ◽  
Robert Pitz-Paal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Entropy Analysis ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Splitting

Reactive Structures for Two-Step Thermochemical Cycles Based on Non-Volatile Metal Oxides

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Siegel ◽  
Richard Diver ◽  
James E. Miller ◽  
Terry Garino ◽  
Stephanie Livers
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Splitting ◽  
Thermochemical Processes

Metal-oxide based thermochemical cycles, such as those including a class of iron containing materials commonly known as ferrites, involve two reaction steps: a thermal reduction at temperatures up to 1600 °C driven by a solar energy input, and a lower temperature exothermic oxidation in the presence of either carbon dioxide or water. In order to maximize performance, the reactive materials must be arranged into structures that provide an effective interface for the direct absorption of concentrated solar energy and also have relatively high surface area to support rapid chemical reactions. In this paper we discuss the attributes of reactive structures for solar thermochemical processes as well as some of the fabrication techniques currently under development at Sandia National Labs. One of these structures has been demonstrated on-sun in a two step carbon dioxide splitting cycle. The results, given in this paper, indicate that performance may be improved as the fraction of the total directly illuminated surface area is increased, reducing the need to rely on conduction or convection to distribute heat throughout the material.

A review on solar thermal syngas production via redox pair-based water/carbon dioxide splitting thermochemical cycles

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 254-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Agrafiotis ◽  
Martin Roeb ◽  
Christian Sattler
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Redox Pair ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Splitting

Demonstration of a Solar Reactor for Carbon Dioxide Splitting via the Isothermal Ceria Redox Cycle and Practical Implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 6654-6661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon J. Hathaway ◽  
Rohini Bala Chandran ◽  
Adam C. Gladen ◽  
Thomas R. Chase ◽  
Jane H. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Redox Cycle ◽  
Solar Reactor ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Splitting ◽  
Practical Implications

Reduction enthalpy and charge distribution of substituted ferrites and doped ceria for thermochemical water and carbon dioxide splitting with DFT+U

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (34) ◽  
pp. 23587-23595 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Dimitrakis ◽  
N. I. Tsongidis ◽  
A. G. Konstandopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Charge Distribution ◽  
Solar Fuels ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Splitting

Effect of Nickel ions on reduction energy and charge distribution of oxygen – neighbouring ions in NiFe2O4 for solar fuels.

Splitting Water and Carbon Dioxide via the Heterogeneous Oxidation of Zinc Vapor: Thermodynamic Considerations

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke J. Venstrom ◽  
Jane H. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Reaction Path ◽  
Zinc Vapor ◽  
Complete Conversion ◽  
Heterogeneous Oxidation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Splitting ◽  
Heat Recuperation ◽  
Splitting Water

The heterogeneous hydrolysis/oxidation of zinc vapor is proposed as a promising reaction path for the exothermic step in two-step Zn/ZnO solar thermochemical water and carbon dioxide splitting cycles. This approach circumvents mass transfer limitations encountered in the oxidation of solid or liquid zinc, promising rapid hydrogen/carbon monoxide production rates and complete conversion of zinc. In this paper, a parametric thermodynamic analysis is presented to quantify the penalty of generating zinc vapor as well as the benefit of achieving complete conversion of zinc via the heterogeneous oxidation of zinc vapor. The penalty for generating zinc vapor is a reduction in water splitting efficiency from 36% to 27% and a reduction in carbon dioxide splitting efficiency from 39% to 31%. However, with heat recuperation this penalty can be avoided. The benefit of completely converting zinc via the heterogeneous oxidation of zinc vapor is an increase in efficiency from ∼6% to 27% and 31% for water and carbon dioxide splitting, respectively.

scholarly journals First demonstration of direct hydrocarbon fuel production from water and carbon dioxide by solar-driven thermochemical cycles using rhodium–ceria

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2400-2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangjian Lin ◽  
Matthäus Rothensteiner ◽  
Ivo Alxneit ◽  
Jeroen A. van Bokhoven ◽  
Alexander Wokaun
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Cycles ◽  
First Time

Sustained production of methane directly from water and carbon dioxide by solar-driven thermochemical cycles is achieved for the first time with rhodium on ceria.

scholarly journals Nanopatterning of carbonaceous structures by field-induced carbon dioxide splitting with a force microscope

2010 ◽  
Vol 96 (14) ◽  
pp. 143110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Garcia ◽  
N. S. Losilla ◽  
J. Martínez ◽  
R. V. Martinez ◽  
F. J. Palomares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Splitting

Ce K edge XAS of ceria-based redox materials under realistic conditions for the two-step solar thermochemical dissociation of water and/or CO2

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (40) ◽  
pp. 26988-26996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthäus Rothensteiner ◽  
Simone Sala ◽  
Alexander Bonk ◽  
Ulrich Vogt ◽  
Hermann Emerich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Splitting ◽  
Solar Thermochemical ◽  
X Ray Absorption

X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to characterise ceria-based materials under realistic conditions present in a reactor for solar thermochemical two-step water and carbon dioxide splitting.

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