scholarly journals How to Measure a Two-Sided Market

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Wen Zheng ◽  
Xiaoming Yao
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Quantitative Index ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Market Capacity ◽  
Entropy Measurement ◽  
Market State ◽  
The Cost

Applying the theories of complex network and entropy measurement to the market, the two-sided market structure is analyzed in constructing the O2O platform transaction on the entropy measurement of the nodes and links. Market structure entropy (MSE) is initially introduced to measure the consistency degree of the individuals and the groups in the O2O market, according to the interaction in the profits, the time/space, and the information relationship. Considering that the market structure entropies are changing upward or downward, MSE is used to judge the consistency degree between the individuals and the groups. Respectively, considering the scale, the cost and the value dimensions, MSE is expanded to explain the market quality entropy, the market time-effect entropy, and the market capacity entropy.MSE provides a methodology in studying the O2O platform transaction and gives the quantitative index in the evaluation of the O2O market state.

Time-space evolution of the goods export network of the Belt and Road countries: The view of weighted complex network

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Min Liu ◽  
Weixian Xue ◽  
Lisong He ◽  
Xue Yan
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Weighted Complex Network ◽  
The Belt And Road

The weighted complex network is utilized to analyze the evolution of the overall structural features of the goods export network and the role transitions of each country in the network. The research suggests: 1. The network of exports of the Belt and Road countries has transformed from multi-core pattern into one extreme along with multi-core pattern; 2. China, South Korea, Russia, Singapore and Italy are the highest-ranking countries in the network. Among these countries, the influence of China is on the rise, South Korea South Korea’s influence remains basically unchanged., however, Russia, Singapore and Italy are on the decline; 3. The leading edge of Asia-Pacific block in the network has been enhanced year by year. Not only has the trade volume within the block increased to 50% of the whole network, but the trade export to other three blocks has significant increasement. The total volume of trade in European block increased greatly and its block mode has transformed from external to universal. The trade volume of the former Soviet Union block along with the West Asia-Africa block increased significantly as well, but there is still a large gap compared with the European block and Asia-Pacific block.

Does Financial Market Structure Impact the Cost of Capital?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A Brugler ◽  
Carole Comerton-Forde ◽  
Terrence Hendershott
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Forest Fires in Greece and Their Economic Impacts on Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Stougiannidou ◽  
Eleni Zafeiriou ◽  
Yannis Raftoyannis
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Forest fires have increased in the last decades, due to many factors such as climate change, land use change and management. In Greece, wildfires burn cultivated lands and affect significantly the rural economy and society. However, the economic impacts of forest fires on agricultural areas has not been estimated, and this is our aim. After an extended literature review and consultation with the stakeholders, we decided to build a model with many variables. The total cost of fire depends on the cost of prevention and suppression measures, and also direct and indirect costs. Direct costs, as adjusted for the immediate effects of fire, are divided into two categories: direct damages instantaneous and direct losses induced. Direct damages are estimated by a function that calculates the instantaneous damage in permanent crops, seasonal crops, livestock, infrastructure, construction and machinery. Direct losses are estimated by a function that calculates fire-induced costs in permanent crops, seasonal crops, livestock, additional borrowing costs and services costs. For the composition of the time-space model, we will use secondary data, as well as data originated from fieldwork. The literature review showed that the ex post analysis involving detailed consultation with a representative sample of affected farms, provides a more consistent appraisal.

Optimizing Cash Management for Large Scale Bank Operations

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Mark Frost ◽  
Jeff Kennington ◽  
Anusha Madhavan
Keyword(s):  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Cash Management ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Currency Management ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Reserve System ◽  
Computational Solution

The Federal Reserve System (Fed) provides currency services to banks, including sorting currency into fit and non-fit bills and repackaging bills for redistribution. To reduce the cost of currency management operations, many banks make Fed deposits and withdrawals of the same denomination each week. In July 2007, the Fed introduced fees for making both deposits and withdrawals during a given Monday through Friday. Recognizing an opportunity, Fiserv Corporation initiated a project to optimize bank vault inventories across time and space. This article presents the integer programming model developed to assist Fiserv clients reduce the logistics cost component of cash management. The model is implemented in software using OPL. The underlying configuration is a time-space multi-commodity network with a fixed-charge cost structure. The authors report on a successful pilot study and present an efficient heuristic procedure that can be used to reduce computational solution times from hours to a few minutes.

Choosing the Sharing Rate for Incentive Contracts

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev K. Goel
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Incentive Contracts ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Incentive Contract ◽  
Cost Elasticity ◽  
Project Costs ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Static Effect ◽  
The Cost

This paper analyzes the choice of the sharing rate in an incentive contract by a cost minimizing principal. Under an incentive contract, a principal pays some fraction of project costs (called the sharing rate) while the agent pays the rest. The main contribution of this work is that we are able to interpret the marginal conditions of the principal's choice of the sharing rate in terms of the equilibrium bid as a function of cost-and bid elasticities and project costs. We find that adverse outcomes from the principal's perspective arise when the bid elasticity is low and the cost elasticity is high. Using our results, a principal can predict the cost-minimizing bid before conducting an auction. The comparative static effect of a change in the exogenous number of bidders on the sharing rate is shown to depend on the market structure. Potential applications of these results are also discussed.

A closing call’s impact on market quality: evidence from Abu Dhabi stock exchange

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-95
Author(s):  
Eda Orhun
Keyword(s):  
Market Efficiency ◽  
Trading Volume ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Dispersion Measure ◽  
Market Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Call Auction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Bid Ask Spreads

Purpose This paper aims to look at the effects of the closing call auction on market quality and behavior by using the natural experiment of its introduction at the Abu Dhabi Stock Exchange. Design/methodology/approach Current paper studies the effect of closing call auction on various market quality factors such as liquidity, bid-ask spreads, volatility and market efficiency. Liquidity is proxied by trading volume. Bid-ask spreads provide a measure for the cost of trading in the market. Volatility is measured by using Parkinson’s (1980) volatility as in Huang and Tsai (2008). Last but not least, efficiency will be obtained by estimating a relative return dispersion measure as in Huang and Tsai (2008). Findings The introduction of the closing call auction leads to a significant decrease in the trading volume toward the end of the continuous trading. At the same time, trading activity taking place during the call auction significantly increases. This implies a redistribution of liquidity. The implementation of the closing call auction also improves market quality by reducing market inefficiency in terms of firm-specific noise. The study also documents that there exists no significant change in the cost of trading and intraday volatility in the post-period following the adoption of closing call auction. Originality/value This current study is the first one looking at this topic for the Abu Dhabi Stock Exchange. Specifically, this paper looks at the changes in trading volume, bid-ask spreads, intraday return volatility and market efficiency after the implementation of the closing call mechanism.

Accounting for the cost of sports-related violence

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1956-1981
Author(s):  
Jane Baxter ◽  
Martin Carlsson-Wall ◽  
Wai Fong Chua ◽  
Kalle Kraus
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Market State ◽  
The Cost

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the understanding of “the” accounting entity, demonstrating how it is a contestable socio-political construction informed by a nexus of market, state and community actors. Design/methodology/approach A case study method is utilised to follow debate relating to Swedish football clubs’ responsibility for the payment/non-payment of policing costs between 1999 and 2014. The case study uses documentary and interview data, focusing on one of the high-risk Stockholm clubs. Findings The paper makes four main contributions: first, demonstrating how the accounting entity is a changeable and contestable construction; second, outlining how distinctions informing contests about the accounting arena are materialised through accounting calculations and other devices; third, showing the importance of community in a coordinated sense in mediating accounting practices; and fourth, contributing to the literature on accounting and sport, highlighting the importance of state actors in this arena. Originality/value This research draws on original empirical data providing unique insights into debates regarding the responsibility for the payment of police costs in the context of sports-related violence. The authors show the importance of characterising accounting for sporting organisations as a shifting and contestable nexus of market, state and community actors.

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