scholarly journals A Methodology to Analyze and Evaluate the Uncertainty Propagation Due to Temperature and Frequency and Design Optimization for EMC Testing Instrumentation

Electricity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-315
Author(s):  
Marco Bosi ◽  
Albert Miguel Sanchez ◽  
Francisco Javier Pajares ◽  
Lorenzo Peretto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Uncertainty Propagation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electric Machines ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Discrete Component ◽  
Probability Distribution Functions ◽  
Front End ◽  
Correct Design

This paper presents a study and proposes a new methodology to analyze, evaluate and reduce the overall uncertainty of instrumentations for EMC measurements. For the scope of this work, the front end of a commercial EMI receiver is chosen and variations due to tolerances, temperature and frequency response of the system are evaluated. This paper illustrates in detail how to treat each block composing the model by analyzing each discrete component, and how to evaluate their influence on the measurand. Since a model can have hundreds or even thousands of parameters, the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of some variable might be unknown. So, a method that allows to obtain in a fast and easy way the uncertainty of the measurement despite having so many variables, to then being able to evaluate the influence of each component on the measurand, is necessary for a correct design. In this way, it will be possible to indicate which discrete components have the most influence on the measurand and thus set the maximum tolerances allowed and being able to design a cost-effective solution. Furthermore, this works presents a methodology which can easily be extended and applied to estimate and compute the uncertainty for electromagnetic interferences, energy storage systems (ESS), energy production, electric machines, electric transports and power plants in general.

scholarly journals Economic Assessment of Russian Nuclear Strategies on the Basis of Fast Breeder Reactors

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Marchenko ◽  
S. V. Solomin
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Probability Distribution Functions ◽  
Fast Breeder Reactors ◽  
Breeder Reactors ◽  
Economic Indices

The paper assesses the economic risk caused by the delay in commissioning innovative nuclear power plants with fast breeder reactors in Russia. The risk is quantitatively measured by the excessive costs for energy development and the possibility of implementing the considered variants that differ in power consumption, technical and economic indices of the reactors, and constraints on CO2 emissions. The probability distribution functions of economic losses for different strategies of nuclear energy development are constructed.

Extended two-dimensional belief function based on divergence measurement

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jianping Fan ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Meiqin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Belief Function ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Divergence Measure ◽  
Uncertain Information ◽  
Belief Functions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Probability Distribution Functions ◽  
Basic Probability ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Supporting Degree

The two-dimensional belief function (TDBF = (mA, mB)) uses a pair of ordered basic probability distribution functions to describe and process uncertain information. Among them, mB includes support degree, non-support degree and reliability unmeasured degree of mA. So it is more abundant and reasonable than the traditional discount coefficient and expresses the evaluation value of experts. However, only considering that the expert’s assessment is single and one-sided, we also need to consider the influence between the belief function itself. The difference in belief function can measure the difference between two belief functions, based on which the supporting degree, non-supporting degree and unmeasured degree of reliability of the evidence are calculated. Based on the divergence measure of belief function, this paper proposes an extended two-dimensional belief function, which can solve some evidence conflict problems and is more objective and better solve a class of problems that TDBF cannot handle. Finally, numerical examples illustrate its effectiveness and rationality.

scholarly journals Changes in Power Plant NOx Emissions over Northwest Greece Using a Data Assimilation Technique

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Ioanna Skoulidou ◽  
Maria-Elissavet Koukouli ◽  
Arjo Segers ◽  
Astrid Manders ◽  
Dimitris Balis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Data Assimilation Technique

In this work, we investigate the ability of a data assimilation technique and space-borne observations to quantify and monitor changes in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions over Northwestern Greece for the summers of 2018 and 2019. In this region, four lignite-burning power plants are located. The data assimilation technique, based on the Ensemble Kalman Filter method, is employed to combine space-borne atmospheric observations from the high spatial resolution Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and simulations using the LOTOS-EUROS Chemical Transport model. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service-Regional European emissions (CAMS-REG, version 4.2) inventory based on the year 2015 is used as the a priori emissions in the simulations. Surface measurements of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from air quality stations operating in the region are compared with the model surface NO2 output using either the a priori (base run) or the a posteriori (assimilated run) NOx emissions. Relative to the a priori emissions, the assimilation suggests a strong decrease in concentrations for the station located near the largest power plant, by 80% in 2019 and by 67% in 2018. Concerning the estimated annual a posteriori NOx emissions, it was found that, for the pixels hosting the two largest power plants, the assimilated run results in emissions decreased by ~40–50% for 2018 compared to 2015, whereas a larger decrease, of ~70% for both power plants, was found for 2019, after assimilating the space-born observations. For the same power plants, the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) reports decreased emissions in 2018 and 2019 compared to 2015 (−35% and −38% in 2018, −62% and −72% in 2019), in good agreement with the estimated emissions. We further compare the a posteriori emissions to the reported energy production of the power plants during the summer of 2018 and 2019. Mean decreases of about −35% and−63% in NOx emissions are estimated for the two larger power plants in summer of 2018 and 2019, respectively, which are supported by similar decreases in the reported energy production of the power plants (~−30% and −70%, respectively).

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of a Fluctuating Plume Model for Odor Impact Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3310
Author(s):  
Marzio Invernizzi ◽  
Federica Capra ◽  
Roberto Sozzi ◽  
Laura Capelli ◽  
Selena Sironi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Plume Model ◽  
Probability Distribution Functions ◽  
Weibull Pdf ◽  
Fluctuating Plume ◽  
Concentration Statistics ◽  
Modified Weibull ◽  
Instantaneous Concentration ◽  
Mean Concentration

For environmental odor nuisance, it is extremely important to identify the instantaneous concentration statistics. In this work, a Fluctuating Plume Model for different statistical moments is proposed. It provides data in terms of mean concentrations, variance, and intensity of concentration. The 90th percentile peak-to-mean factor, R90, was tested here by comparing it with the experimental results (Uttenweiler field experiment), considering different Probability Distribution Functions (PDFs): Gamma and the Modified Weibull. Seventy-two percent of the simulated mean concentration values fell within a factor 2 compared to the experimental ones: the model was judged acceptable. Both the modelled results for standard deviation, σC, and concentration intensity, Ic, overestimate the experimental data. This evidence can be due to the non-ideality of the measurement system. The propagation of those errors to the estimation of R90 is complex, but the ranges covered are quite repeatable: the obtained values are 1–3 for the Gamma, 1.5–4 for Modified Weibull PDF, and experimental ones from 1.4 to 3.6.

Probabilistic finite element analysis in heat transfer to a nuclear fuel rod bumper support

2004 ◽  
Vol 218 (12) ◽  
pp. 1499-1505
Author(s):  
Rama Subba Reddy Gorla
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Fuel Rod ◽  
Design Variables

Heat transfer from a nuclear fuel rod bumper support was computationally simulated by a finite element method and probabilistically evaluated in view of the several uncertainties in the performance parameters. Cumulative distribution functions and sensitivity factors were computed for overall heat transfer rates due to the thermodynamic random variables. These results can be used to identify quickly the most critical design variables in order to optimize the design and to make it cost effective. The analysis leads to the selection of the appropriate measurements to be used in heat transfer and to the identification of both the most critical measurements and the parameters.

Development and Field Testing of an Inclined Flanged Compact Diffuser for a Micro Wind Turbine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Kale ◽  
S. N. Sapali
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Power Curves

Micro wind turbines installed in various applications, experience average wind speed for most of the time during operations. Power produced by the wind turbine is proportional to the cubic power of the wind velocity and a small increase in wind velocity results increases power output significantly. The approach wind velocity can be increased by covering traditional wind turbine with a diffuser. Researchers are continuously working to develop a compact, lightweight, cost effective and feasible diffuser for wind turbines. The present work carried out to develop a diffuser with these stated objectives. A compact, lightweight inclined flanged diffuser developed for a micro wind turbine. Bare micro wind turbine and wind turbine covered with developed efficient inclined flanged diffuser tested in the field as per International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards and results presented in the form of power curves. The prediction of annual energy production for both wind turbines determined as per IEC standards.

Probability Distribution Functions for the Random Forced Burgers Equation

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1904-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weinan E ◽  
Konstantin Khanin ◽  
Alexandre Mazel ◽  
Yakov Sinai
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Burgers Equation ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Probability Distribution Functions

scholarly journals Trace Detection of Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Using Electrochemical Gas Sensors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen K. Sekhar ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Eric R. Hamblin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate ◽  
Screening System ◽  
Trace Detection ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Front End ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Single Sensor

Selective and sensitive detection of trace amounts of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is demonstrated. The screening system is based on a sampling/concentrator front end and electrochemical potentiometric gas sensor as the detector. A single sensor is operated in the dominant hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) mode by varying the sensor operating condition. The potentiometric sensor with integrated heaters was used to capture the signature of PETN. Quantitative measurements based on hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide sensor responses indicated that the detector sensitivity scaled proportionally with the mass of the explosives (10 μg down to 200 ng). The ratio of the HC integrated peak area to the NOxintegrated peak area is identified as an indicator of selectivity. The HC/NOxratio is unique for PETN and has a range from 1.7 to 2.7. This detection technique has the potential to become an orthogonal technique to the existing explosive screening technologies for reducing the number of false positives/false negatives in a cost-effective manner.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document