scholarly journals Exploring the Potential for Electric Retrofit Regulations and an Accreditation Scheme for the UK

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 3110
Author(s):  
Robbie Watts ◽  
Aritra Ghosh ◽  
Justin Hinshelwood
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Price Range ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Future Work

Electric vehicles have zero tailpipe emissions and can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 90% compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Electric retrofits involve converting an ICE vehicle to an electric drivetrain, aiding the transition to zero emission vehicles by adapting current vehicles and, thus, reducing the transport sector emissions. Other benefits include charge exemptions in major cities, reduced driving costs, and lower maintenance. The UK has a considerable retrofit market, with a large price range of services offered. There is a varying level of practice undertaken and current regulations may not adequately cover these retrofits. Industrial engagement has highlighted the varying levels and common themes of practice, such as restoration work, computer-aided design, and finite element analysis. Converting the registered fuel type of a vehicle to electricity, post-retrofit, appears to be a limited process, with few steps. Therefore, a regulatory framework, such as an accreditation scheme, could be introduced to ensure high levels of safety and good practice. Future work suggestions include further meetings with the DVLA and DVSA, and meeting the Motor Insurers’ Bureau.

scholarly journals Simulation Study of a Composite Landig Gear of Ultralight and Very Light Aircraft

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Zenowicz
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Landing Gear ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Drop Test ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Computer Methods ◽  
The One ◽  
Aided Design

There is a need to design new, lighter aircraft structures, which has a direct impact on the safety and costs of aircraft maintenance. One of basic parts of an aircraft is ites landing gear, whose main functions are to enable taxiing, safe landing, take-off, and to assist the remainder of ground operations. Landing gear failures are usually related to metallurgy, processing, environment, design, and causes of overload. These are conditions that can be prevented using modern methods to calculate the strength of such a landing gear in various conditions. The paper presents stages of a simulation study of the fixed three-wheeled spring landing gear for an ultralight aircraft. Analysis of forces acting on the landing gear during drop test and their implementation by numerical computer methods allowed for the creation of a model in the CAD (Computer-Aided Design) tool and its FEA (Finite Element Analysis). These results were compared between a modeled classic spring landing gear and the one made of composite materials. The further goal of the research will be to build a drop test stand for a small landing gear used in airplanes and drones. This method has a significant impact on simplifying the design of the landing gear, its modeling, and optimization.

Effect of infill and density pattern on the mechanical behaviour of ABS parts manufactured by FDM using Taguchi and ANOVA approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
M. Othmani ◽  
K. Zarbane ◽  
A. Chouaf
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Numerical Test ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Tensile ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aided Design

Purpose: The present work aims to investigate the effect of many infill patterns (rectilinear, line, grid, triangles, cubic, concentric, honeycomb, 3D honeycomb) and the infill density on the mechanical tensile strength of an Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) test specimen manufactured numerically by FDM. Design/methodology/approach: Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software has been used to model the geometry and the mesostructure of the test specimens in a fully automatic manner from a G-code file by using a script. Then, a Numerical Design of Experiments (NDoE) has been carried out by using Taguchi method and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The tensile behaviour of these numerical test specimens has been studied by the Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Findings: The FEA results showed that a maximal Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) was reached by using the ‘concentric’ infill pattern combined with an infill density of 30%. The results also show that the infill pattern and the infill density are significant factors. Research limitations/implications: The low infill densities of 20% and 30% that have already been used in many previous studies, we have also applied it in order to reduce the time of the simulations. Indeed, with high infill density, the simulations take a very excessive time. In an ongoing study, we predicted higher percentages. Practical implications: This study provided an important modelling tool for the design and manufacture of functional parts and helps the FDM practitioners and engineers to manufacture strong and lightweight FDM parts by choosing the optimal process parameters. Originality/value: This study elucidated the effect of various infill patterns on the tensile properties of the test specimens and applied for the first time a NDoE using numerical test specimens created by the mesostructured approach, which considerably minimized the cost of the experiments while obtaining an error of 6.8% between the numerical and the experimental values of the UTS.

Finite Element Analysis for a CAD of a Concrete Mixer Drum

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam S. Badawi ◽  
Sherif A. Mourad ◽  
Sayed M. Metwalli
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Shell Elements ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Loading Effects ◽  
Concrete Mixer ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract For a Computer Aided Design of a concrete truck mixer, a six cubic meter concrete mixer drum is analyzed using the finite element method. The complex mixer drum structure is subjected to pressure loading resulting from the plain concrete inside the drum, in addition to its own weight. The effect of deceleration of the vehicle and the rotational motion of the drum on the reactions and stresses are also considered. Equivalent static loads are used to represent the dynamic loading effects. Three-dimensional shell elements are used to model the drum, and frame elements are used to represent a ring stiffener around the shell. Membrane forces and bending stresses are obtained for different loading conditions. Results are also compared with approximate analysis. The CAD procedure directly used the available drafting and the results were used effectively in the design of the concrete mixer drum.

Downstream Computer-Aided Design, Engineering, and Manufacturing Integration Using Exchangeable Persistent Identifiers in Neutral Re-imported Computer-Aided Design Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Abbas Jauhar ◽  
Soonhung Han ◽  
Soonjo Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Design Engineering ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Assembly Design ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Neutral Models ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract Computer-aided design, engineering, and manufacturing (CAx) have improved product design and development. The associativity of revised design in native files for downstream applications, assembly design, finite element analysis, and numerical control (NC) manufacturing has been supported by homogeneous CAx systems. However, heterogeneous CAx environments have issues when neutral models are revised and re-imported because the required identification information is missing. This results in a problem of the associativity of neutral models. In this study, different computer-aided design (CAD) applications have been analyzed with respect to their capabilities for import and export of neutral models with identification information. A tool has been selected to demonstrate the key findings. Moreover, future directions have been discussed to solve associativity issues in design re-import based on neutral models.

scholarly journals Development of Semi-Interface Motorcycle Simulator (SiMS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.27) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Wan Muhammad Syahmi Wan Fauzi ◽  
Abdul Rahman Omar ◽  
Helmi Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Real World ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Niche Area ◽  
Aided Design

Recently, studies concerning motorcycle have been an overwhelming area of research interest. As an alternative to the real world assessment, researchers have utilized motorcycle simulator as a workstation to conduct studies in the motorcycle niche area. This paper deal with the development of a new motorcycle simulator named Semi-Interface Motorcycle Simulator (SiMS). Combination of Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software made it possible to design and simulates the motorcycle simulator’s conceptual design before being fabricated. The SiMS setup not only provides a near-to-real and immerse motorcycle riding experience on a super sport motorcycle model, but it also allows safer high speed motorcycle simulations to be conducted in a controlled environment that is portable and ergonomically easier to transport to various venues.  

A simulation of void variation in wood-strand composites during consolidation

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Chunping Dai ◽  
Sunguo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Computer Image Processing ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Visual Approach ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prior Models ◽  
Wood Strand

Abstract The void variation in a wood-strand composite mat during consolidation was simulated using computer-aided design, finite element analysis, and computer image processing. Compared with prior models, this simulation provided a different and more visual approach to analyzing the mat structure, particularly the void variation during consolidation. The simulated results showed similar trends to the experimental data. The size of voids in the final panel decreased with the panel density and increased with the strand thickness, whereas the relationship between the void size and the strand length was non-linear. The wood-strand density and strand thickness had a much greater effect on the non-linear void variation than the wood strand width and length. The simulated results are beneficial to improve the fundamental understanding of composite processing and performance characteristics.

Developments in the transtibial prosthetic socket fitting process: A review of past and present research

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sewell ◽  
S. Noroozi ◽  
J. Vinney ◽  
S. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Prosthetic Design ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Education Training ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Socket Interface

A revolution in transtibial prosthetic design began at the end of World War II with the development of new materials and a dramatic improvement in the understanding of biomechanics. Early research was based mainly on the improvement of existing prosthetic design practice. Today, research has been focused on providing a better understanding of stump/socket interface biomechanics and improving socket fit by attempting to quantify the normal/direct stresses at the interface.The purpose of this review paper is to question whether research and prosthetic education/training to date has significantly improved our understanding of what makes a good socket. Although there is no doubt that advances in socket fitting techniques have been made what is not clear is the actual extent to which these advances have improved the quality of sockets fitted.It is suggested that a new approach is needed which can overcome some of the inherent problems of designing and manufacturing a comfortable high quality socket. It is also suggested that current research and education/training in the fields of pressure/interfacial interaction measurement and Finite Element Analysis techniques have limited potential to address many of these problems. There is also little evidence that current computer aided design systems offer any significant advantages over more conventional techniques.

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