scholarly journals Malvertising in Facebook: Analysis, Quantification and Solution

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1332
Author(s):  
Aritz Arrate ◽  
José González-Cabañas ◽  
Ángel Cuevas ◽  
Rubén Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Online Advertising ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Online advertising is a wealthy industry that generated more than $100B in 2018 only in the US and delivers billions of ads to Internet users every day with. These impressive numbers have also attracted the attention of malicious players that try to exploit the online advertising ecosystem for their own benefit. In particular, one of the most harmful practices refers to malicious users that act as advertisers to deliver unsafe ads. The goal of these ads is to compromise the security of the users that receive those ads. This practice is referred to as Malvertising. Some reports have estimated the economic loss caused by malvertising to the online advertising sector to $1.1B in 2017. This paper is the first work that analyses and quantifies the impact of malvertising in Facebook. To accomplish this study, we rely on a dataset that includes more than 5 M ads delivered to 3 K Facebook users from 126 K advertisers between October 2016 and May 2018. Our results reveal that although the portion of advertisers (0.68%) and ads (0.17%) associated to malvertising is very low, 1/3 of the users in our study were exposed to malvertising. Finally, we also propose a novel solution to block malvertising ads in real-time in Facebook.

scholarly journals Predicting urban innovation from the US Workforce Mobility Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreno Bonaventura ◽  
Luca Maria Aiello ◽  
Daniele Quercia ◽  
Vito Latora
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Professional Networks ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhile great emphasis has been placed on the role of social interactions as a driver of innovation growth, very few empirical studies have explicitly investigated the impact of social network structures on the innovation performance of cities. Past research has mostly explored scaling laws of socio-economic outputs of cities as determined by, for example, the single predictor of population. Here, by drawing on a publicly available dataset of the startup ecosystem, we build the first Workforce Mobility Network among metropolitan areas in the US. We found that node centrality computed on this network accounts for most of the variability observed in cities’ innovation performance and significantly outperforms other predictors such as population size or density, suggesting that policies and initiatives aiming at sustaining innovation processes might benefit from fostering professional networks alongside other economic or systemic incentives. As opposed to previous approaches powered by census data, our model can be updated in real-time upon open databases, opening up new opportunities both for researchers in a variety of disciplines to study urban economies in new ways, and for practitioners to design tools for monitoring such economies in real-time.

scholarly journals Dark Clouds and Silver Linings: Impact of COVID-19 on Internet Users’ Privacy

JAMIA Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram D Gopal ◽  
Hooman Hidaji ◽  
Raymond A Patterson ◽  
Niam Yaraghi
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Dark Clouds ◽  
Privacy Threats ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Us ◽  
User Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives To examine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the extent of potential violations of Internet users’ privacy. Materials and Methods We conducted a longitudinal study of the data sharing practices of the top 1,000 websites in the US between April 9th and August 27th, 2020. We fitted a conditional latent growth curve model on the data to examine the longitudinal trajectory of the third-party data sharing over the 21 weeks period of the study and examine how website characteristics affect this trajectory. We denote websites that asked for permission before placing cookies on users’ browsers as "privacy-respecting". Results As the weekly number of COVID-19 deaths increased by 1,000, the average number of third parties increased by 0.26 [95%CI, 0.15 to 0.37] P<.001 units in the next week. This effect was more pronounced for websites with higher traffic as they increased their third parties by an additional 0.41 [95% CI, 0.18 to 0.64]; P<.001 units per week. However, privacy respecting websites that experienced a surge in traffic reduced their third parties by 1.01 [95% CI, -2.01 to 0]; P = 0.05 units per week in response to every 1,000 COVID-19 deaths in the preceding week. Discussion While in general websites shared their users’ data with more third parties as COVID-19 progressed in the US, websites’ expected traffic and respect for users’ privacy significantly affect such trajectory. Conclusions Attention should also be paid to the impact of the pandemic on elevating online privacy threats, and the variation in third-party tracking among different types of websites. Lay Summary As the COVID-19 pandemic progressed in the country, the demand for online services surged. As the level of Internet use increased, websites’ opportunity to track and monetize users’ data increased with it. In this research, we examine the extent to which websites increased the number of third-parties with which they share their user’ data and how such practices were moderated by a website’s level of respect for users’ privacy and traffic surge. We find that while the number of third parties increased over time, the websites with higher respect for privacy tend to decrease the number of their parties only if they also experience a significant increase in their traffic.

scholarly journals Monitoring of the Last US Presidential Elections

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Christoph Glauser ◽  
Jacques Savoy ◽  
Loris Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Us ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Negative Ads

This paper presents the results of a new monitoring project of the US presidential elections with the aim of establishing computer-based tools to track in real time the popularity or awareness of candidates. The designed and developed innovative methods allow us to extract the frequency of queries sent to numerous search engines by US Internet users. Based on these data, this paper demonstrates that Trump was more frequently searched than the Democratic candidates, either Hillary Clinton in 2016 or Joe Biden in 2020. When analyzing the topics, it is observed that in 2020 the US users had shown a remarkable interest in two subjects, namely, Coronavirus and Jobs (unemployment). Interest for other topics such as Education or Healthcare were less pronounced while issues such as Immigration were given even less attention by users. Finally, some “flame” topics such as Black Lives Matter (2020) and Gun Control (2016) appear to be very popular for a few weeks before returning to a low level of interest. When analyzing tweets sent by candidates during the 2020 campaign, one can observe that Trump was focused mainly on Jobs and on Riots, announcing what would happen if Democrats took power. To these negative ads, Biden answered by putting forward moral values (e.g., love, honesty) and political symbols (e.g., democracy, rights) and by underlying the failure of the current administration in resolving the pandemic situation.

scholarly journals Diffusion of User Tracking Data in the Online Advertising Ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahmad Bashir ◽  
Christo Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Online Advertising ◽  
Graph Representation ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Advertising Industry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Way

Abstract Advertising and Analytics (A&A) companies have started collaborating more closely with one another due to the shift in the online advertising industry towards Real Time Bidding (RTB). One natural way to understand how user tracking data moves through this interconnected advertising ecosystem is by modeling it as a graph. In this paper, we introduce a novel graph representation, called an Inclusion graph, to model the impact of RTB on the diffusion of user tracking data in the advertising ecosystem. Through simulations on the Inclusion graph, we provide upper and lower estimates on the tracking information observed by A&A companies. We find that 52 A&A companies observe at least 91% of an average user’s browsing history under reasonable assumptions about information sharing within RTB auctions. We also evaluate the effectiveness of blocking strategies (e.g., AdBlock Plus), and find that major A&A companies still observe 40–90% of user impressions, depending on the blocking strategy.

Changing physician compensation and implementing new technology to enhance pathways compliance.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 187-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalan S. Wilfong ◽  
John Russell Hoverman ◽  
Nate Gosse ◽  
Marcus A. Neubauer ◽  
Vanessa Torres
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Clinical Pathways ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Physician Compensation ◽  
Annual Productivity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Small Change ◽  
The Impact

187 Background: Pathways have shown to decrease cost of care while maintaining efficacy of treatment. In 2005, The US Oncology Network, which includes Texas Oncology, P.A. (TOPA) developed physician-led clinical pathways based on national guidelines, cost and efficacy. This abstract reviews the impact of changes TOPA initiated to improve pathway compliance Methods: Since 2011, TOPA has assessed pathways compliance using the iKnowMed (iKM) electronic medical record. Individual compliance was reported to each physician, but no incentives were tied to this. In 2015, the TOPA annual productivity bonus structure (2% of compensation) was changed to introduce pathways compliance and exception documentation thresholds, with penalties for sub-threshold performance. Additionally, TOPA sought to improve on iKM-based data collection and assessment. Previously, there were data challenges with pathways assessed retrospectively, offering limited visibility at the time of decision-making. In September 2015, new technology (Clear Value Plus – CVP) was embedded within iKM, which allowed prospective pathways assessment and provided real-time compliance reporting. Results: Introduction of individual incentives and improved decision support increased pathways compliance. For the initial yearly bonus measurement period, TOPA pathways compliance was 78%. After implementation of the new bonus structure, compliance increased significantly to 83% (p<0.0001). Implementation of CVP further improved pathway compliance for comparable reporting periods from 78% in September 2014 to 90% in September of 2015 (p<0.0001) Conclusions: We have shown that even a small change in compensation significantly influences physician pathways compliance. Additionally, technology to assist physicians with documentation and real-time assessment also significantly improves pathway compliance. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]

The impact of real-time continuous glucose monitoring on metabolic control in children with type 1 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruxandra Calapod Ioana ◽  
Irina Bojoga ◽  
Duta Simona Gabriela ◽  
Ana-Maria Stancu ◽  
Amalia Arhire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
The Impact

THE IMPACT OF TV ADVERTISING ON VIRAL: ANALYSIS USING REAL-TIME AD RATINGS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 790-791
Author(s):  
Cunhyeong Ci ◽  
◽  
Hyo-Gyoo Kim ◽  
Seungbae Park ◽  
Heebok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Tv Advertising ◽  
The Impact

778-P: The Impact of Self-Management Blood Glucose (SMBG) Real-Time Decision Support on Glycemic Control in Adult with T1D in China

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 778-P
Author(s):  
ZIYU LIU ◽  
CHAOFAN WANG ◽  
XUEYING ZHENG ◽  
SIHUI LUO ◽  
DAIZHI YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Self Management ◽  
The Impact

45. Education at distance: Broadcasting ECG rounds to Southeastern Ontario (BESO Project). An innovative approach for teaching electrocardiography

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Baranchuk ◽  
G. Dagnone ◽  
P. Fowler ◽  
M. N. Harrison ◽  
L. Lisnevskaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Medicine Clerkship ◽  
Time Problem ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ecg Interpretation

Electrocardiography (ECG) interpretation is an essential skill for physicians as well as for many other health care professionals. Continuing education is necessary to maintain these skills. The process of teaching and learning ECG interpretation is complex and involves both deductive mechanisms and recognition of patterns for different clinical situations (“pattern recognition”). The successful methodologies of interactive sessions and real time problem based learning have never been evaluated with a long distance education model. To evaluate the efficacy of broadcasting ECG rounds to different hospitals in the Southeastern Ontario region; to perform qualitative research to determine the impact of this methodology in developing and maintaining skills in ECG interpretation. ECG rounds are held weekly at Kingston General Hospital and will be transmitted live to Napanee, Belleville, Oshawa, Peterborough and Brockville. The teaching methodology is based on real ECG cases. The audience is invited to analyze the ECG case and the coordinator will introduce comments to guide the case through the proper algorithm. Final interpretation will be achieved emphasizing the deductive process and the relevance of each case. An evaluation will be filled out by each participant at the end of each session. Videoconferencing works through a vast array of internet LANs, WANs, ISDN phone lines, routers, switches, firewalls and Codecs (Coder/Decoder) and bridges. A videoconference Codec takes the analog audio and video signal codes and compresses it into a digital signal and transmits that digital signal to another Codec where the signal is decompressed and retranslated back into analog video and audio. This compression and decompression allows large amounts of data to be transferred across a network at close to real time (384 kbps with 30 frames of video per second). Videoconferencing communication works on voice activation so whichever site is speaking has the floor and is seen by all the participating sites. A continuous presence mode allows each site to have the same visual and audio involvement as the host site. A bridged multipoint can connect between 8 and 12 sites simultaneously. This innovative methodology for teaching ECG will facilitate access to developing and maintaining skills in ECG interpretation for a large number of health care providers. Bertsch TF, Callas PW, Rubin A. Effectiveness of lectures attended via interactive video conferencing versus in-person in preparing third-year internal medicine clerkship students for clinical practice examinations. Teach Learn Med 2007; 19(1):4-8. Yellowlees PM, Hogarth M, Hilty DM. The importance of distributed broadband networks to academic biomedical research and education programs. Acad Psychaitry 2006;30:451-455

Systematic review methodology for development: An example from microfinance

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Van Rooyen ◽  
Ruth Stewart ◽  
Thea De Wet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
International Development ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

Big international development donors such as the UK’s Department for International Development and USAID have recently started using systematic review as a methodology to assess the effectiveness of various development interventions to help them decide what is the ‘best’ intervention to spend money on. Such an approach to evidence-based decision-making has long been practiced in the health sector in the US, UK, and elsewhere but it is relatively new in the development field. In this article we use the case of a systematic review of the impact of microfinance on the poor in sub-Saharan African to indicate how systematic review as a methodology can be used to assess the impact of specific development interventions.

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