scholarly journals 5G Cellular Networks: Coverage Analysis in the Presence of Inter-Cell Interference and Intentional Jammers

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1538
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qasim ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Haroon ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Fazal Muhammad ◽  
Sunghwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Network Coverage ◽  
Transmit Power ◽  
Coverage Analysis ◽  
Small Base ◽  
Inter Cell Interference

Intentional jammers (IJs) can be used by attackers for the launching of distributed denial-of-service attacks in 5G cellular networks. These adversaries are assumed to have adequate information about the network specifications, such as duration, transmit power and positions. With these assumptions, the IJs gain the ability to disrupt the legitimate communication of the network. Heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets) can be considered a vital enabler for 5G cellular networks. Small base stations (SBSs) are deployed inside macro base station (MBS) to improve spectral efficiency and capacity. Due to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing assumption, HetNets’ performance is mainly limited by inter-cell interference (ICI). Additionally, there exist IJs-interference (IJs-I), which significantly degrades the network coverage depending on the IJs’ transmit power levels and their proximity with the target. The proposed work explores the uplink (UL) coverage performance of HetNets in the presence of both IJs-I and ICI. Moreover, to reduce the effects of ICI and IJs-I, reverse frequency allocation (RFA) is employed which is a proactive interference abating scheme. In RFA, different sub-bands of the available spectrum are used by MBS and SBS in alternate regions. The proposed setup is evaluated both analytically as well as with the help of simulation. The results demonstrate considerable UL coverage performance improvement by effectively mitigating IJs-I and ICI.

scholarly journals Proactive Uplink Interference Mitigation in HetNets Stressed by Uniformly Distributed Wideband Jammers

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1496
Author(s):  
Ziaul Haq Abbas ◽  
Ghulam Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Haroon ◽  
Fazal Muhammad ◽  
Sunghwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Interference Mitigation ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Jamming Attacks ◽  
Transmit Power ◽  
Resource Allocation Scheme ◽  
Inter Cell Interference ◽  
The Cost

In heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets), densification of small base stations (SBSs) in the macro base station (MBS) coverage region leads to improved network coverage and capacity. However, this improvement is at the cost of inter-cell interference (ICI) due to the high MBS transmit power. The situation deteriorates further when uniformly deployed wideband jammers (WBJs) to initiate distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks are present. With sufficient knowledge about the network parameters, WBJs produce substantial jammer interference (JI) by transmitting unwanted energy in the legitimate band. Such jamming attacks can cause significant JI in the UL communications of MBS edge users (M-EUs) due to i) low uplink (UL) transmit power of user equipment (UE) and ii) longer distances of M-EUs. As a result of ICI and JI, M-EUs are severely affected and go off the coverage due to a low received signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). Hence, to mitigate both ICI and JI, we use a proactive resource allocation scheme known as reverse frequency allocation (RFA). The results indicate that although ICI and JI significantly degrade network performance, RFA employment leads to improved SIR due to effective ICI and JI mitigation.

scholarly journals Aerial Coverage Analysis of Cellular Systems at LTE and mmWave Frequencies Using 3D City Models

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achiel Colpaert ◽  
Evgenii Vinogradov ◽  
Sofie Pollin
Keyword(s):  
Base Station ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Coverage Analysis ◽  
Link Budget ◽  
Ground Coverage ◽  
Inter Cell Interference ◽  
Significant Interference

Cellular connectivity for UAV systems is interesting because it promises coverage in beyond visual line of sight scenarios. Inter-cell interference has been shown to be the main limiting factor at high altitudes. Using a realistic 3D simulator model, with real base station locations, this study confirms that UAVs at high altitudes suffer from significant interference, resulting in a worse coverage compared to ground users. When replacing the existing base stations by mmWave cells, our results indicate that ground coverage is decreased to only 90%, while UAVs just above rooftop level have a coverage probability of 100%. However, UAVs at higher altitude still suffer from excessive interference. Beamforming has the potential to improve mmWave link budget and to decrease interference and is for this reason a promising technology for ensuring connectivity to aerial users.

scholarly journals Coverage and Energy Efficiency Analysis for Two-Tier Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Based on Matérn Hard-Core Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jie Yang ◽  
Ziyu Pan ◽  
Lihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Mutual Exclusion ◽  
Interference Management ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Approximate Expression ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Heterogeneous Cellular Networks ◽  
Coverage Analysis ◽  
Management Techniques

Due to the dense deployment of base stations (BSs) in heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs), the energy efficiency (EE) of HCN has attracted the attention of academia and industry. Considering its mathematical tractability, the Poisson point process (PPP) has been employed to model HCNs and analyze their performance widely. The PPP falls short in modeling the effect of interference management techniques, which typically introduces some form of spatial mutual exclusion among BSs. In PPP, all the nodes are independent from each other. As such, PPP may not be suitable to model networks with interference management techniques, where there exists repulsion among the nodes. Considering this, we adopt the Matérn hard-core process (MHCP) instead of PPP, in which no two nodes can be closer than a repulsion radius from one another. In this paper, we study the coverage performance and EE of a two-tier HCN modelled by Matérn hard-core process (MHCP); we abbreviate this kind of two-tier HCN as MHCP-MHCP. We first derive the approximate expression of coverage probability of MHCP-MHCP by extending the approximate signal to interference ratio analysis based on the PPP (ASAPPP) method to multi-tier HCN. The concrete SIR gain of the MHCP model relative to the PPP model is derived through simulation and data fitting. On the basis of coverage analysis, we derive and formulate the EE of MHCP-MHCP network. Simulation results verify the correctness of our theoretical analysis and show the performance difference between the MHCP-MHCP and PPP modelled network.

Analysis of coverage-oriented small base station deployment in heterogeneous cellular networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 100908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid Haroon ◽  
Ziaul Haq Abbas ◽  
Fazal Muhammad ◽  
Ghulam Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Heterogeneous Cellular Networks ◽  
Small Base

scholarly journals Cellular coverage probability is independent of base station density under stochastic geometric models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Nassar ◽  
Gehad Taher ◽  
El-Sayed El-Hady
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Coverage Probability ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Geometric Modelling ◽  
Geometric Models ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Station Density

We prove that under stochastic geometric modelling of cellular networks, the coverage probability is <i>not</i> a function of base stations density, contrary to widespread belief. That is, we reveal that the base station density, $\lambda$, that is appears in a plethora of published cellular coverage probability expressions is superfluous.<br>

scholarly journals Cellular coverage probability is independent of base station density under stochastic geometric models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Nassar ◽  
Gehad Taher ◽  
El-Sayed El-Hady
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Coverage Probability ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Geometric Modelling ◽  
Geometric Models ◽  
Widespread Belief ◽  
Station Density

We prove that under stochastic geometric modelling of cellular networks, the coverage probability is <i>not</i> a function of base stations density, contrary to widespread belief. That is, we reveal that the base station density, $\lambda$, that is appears in a plethora of published cellular coverage probability expressions is superfluous.<br>

scholarly journals Cognitive-Femtocell Based Resource Allocation in Macrocell Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joydev Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Network Coverage ◽  
Femtocell Networks ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
Single Output ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Single Input ◽  
Cognitive Femtocell

<div>In this paper, we articulate the network coverage issues for both Femto Users (FUs) and Macro Users (MUs) located at cell edges. The cognitive-femtocell networks functioning under the vicinity of a macrocell frontier where the parameters such as pathloss, shadowing, Rayleigh fading have considered into the system model. The users, located at network border are positioned far apart from the Macro Base Station (MBS). This can be treated as the underprivileged users. The underprivileged users are to be facilitated by the femto cell base stations to provide uninterrupted QoS. We present on the overall outage probability of Single Input single Output (SISO) users and Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) users, respectively, by taking several circumstantial components such as such as probability density function (PDF), location gap between base stations (BSs) and users, intra-tier interference and inter-tier interference into account. Further, evaluation has been extended by considering network throughput as the efficiency measures based on the sub-carrier and the power allotment in the dual tier network.</div>

scholarly journals Cell Throughput based Sleep Control Scheme for Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Prapassorn Phaiwitthayaphorn ◽  
Kazuo Mori ◽  
Hideo Kobayashi ◽  
Pisit Boonsrimuang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sleep Control

The mobile traffic continuously grows at a rapid rate driven by the widespread use of wireless devices. Along with that, the demands for higher data rate and better coverage lead to increase in power consumption and operating cost of network infrastructure. The concept of heterogeneous networks (HetNets) has been proposed as a promising approach to provide higher coverage and capacity for cellular networks. HetNet is an advanced network consisting of multiple kinds of base stations, i.e., macro base station (MBS), and small base station (SBS). The overlay of many SBSs into the MBS coverage can provide higher network capacity and better coverage in cellular networks. However, the dense deployment of SBSs would cause an increase in the power consumption, leading to a decrease in the energy efficiency in downlink cellular networks. Another technique to improve energy efficiency while reducing power consumption in the network is to introduce sleep control for SBSs. This paper proposes cell throughput based sleep control which the cell capacity ratio for the SBSs is employed as decision criteria to put the SBSs into a sleep state. The simulation results for downlink communications demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves the energy efficiency, compared with the conventional scheme.

scholarly journals Stochastic Geometry Analysis of Downlink Spectral and Energy Efficiency in Ultradense Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Lei ◽  
Hongbin Chen ◽  
Feng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Stochastic Geometry ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Heterogeneous Cellular Networks ◽  
Downlink Throughput ◽  
The Impact

The energy efficiency (EE) is a key metric of ultradense heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs). Earlier works on the EE analysis of ultradense HCNs by using the stochastic geometry tool only focused on the impact of the base station density ratio and ignored the function of different tiers. In this paper, a two-tier ultradense HCN with small-cell base stations (SBSs) and user equipments (UEs) densely deployed in a traditional macrocell network is considered. Firstly, the performance of the ultradense HCN in terms of the association probability, average link spectral efficiency (SE), average downlink throughput, and average EE is theoretically analyzed by using the stochastic geometry tool. Then, the problem of maximizing the average EE while meeting minimum requirements of the average link SE and average downlink throughput experienced by UEs in macrocell and small-cell tiers is formulated. As it is difficult to obtain the explicit expression of average EE, impacts of the SBS density ratio and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) threshold on the network performance are investigated through numerical simulations. Simulation results validate the accuracy of theoretical results and demonstrate that the maximum value of average EE can be achieved by optimizing the SBS density ratio and the SINR threshold.

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