scholarly journals Fault Ride-Through Characteristics of Small Wind Turbines

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4587
Author(s):  
Kondoh ◽  
Mizuno ◽  
Funamoto
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Voltage Dip ◽  
Fault Ride Through ◽  
Significant Acceleration ◽  
Small Wind Turbines

There is significant potential for an increase in the use of kilowatt-class small wind turbines (SWTs) in Japan due to reduced limitations with respect to installation, despite their high cost. At this stage, the Japanese grid code has not been considered sufficiently with respect to grid-connected SWTs, and the addition of fault ride-through (FRT) requirements for SWTs has been requested. Moreover, the FRT of SWTs is challenging to achieve owing to the low inertia constants when compared with those of large-scale wind turbines, which result in significant acceleration of the rotor speed and an increase in the input voltage of the power conditioning system (PCS) during FRT operation. In this study, FRT field tests were conducted on SWT systems against a voltage dip with a duration of ~1 s, and it was confirmed that the SWT systems satisfied the FRT requirements for photovoltaic (PV) systems connected to low-voltage distribution lines in Japan. The behaviors of the rotational speed of the SWTs and the PCS input voltage in an FRT operation were then analyzed, and it was noted that the increase in the PCS input voltage with the overspeed of the turbine can reach the upper limit and make the PCS cease operation, which indicates failure of the FRT. The overvoltage, therefore, requires restriction using a method such as pitch control, furling, and electrical and/or mechanical brakes.

Power Quality Measurements of a Horizontal Axial Small Wind Turbine

2017 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 329-334
Author(s):  
Yu Jen Liu ◽  
Yen Chang Chen ◽  
Pei Hsiu Lan ◽  
Tsang Pin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
System Structure ◽  
System Level ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Quality Measurements

As small wind turbines are increasingly used, the assessments of power quality may thus become paramount. Unlike the large-scale wind turbines which are optional required to perform power quality measurements during production certification stage; however the power quality measurements are often neglected in small wind turbines since they are not requested on the certain of national grid codes at low-voltage distribution system level. Considering the high penetrations of small wind turbines may be connected to the future urban electric network, the paper performs the power quality on-site measurements of a horizontal axle small wind turbines. The issues may include the discussion of measurement system structure, the description of measurement method, and the analysis of wind turbine power characteristic, voltage/current trends, harmonics and flicker phenomena. The measured data collected in the study will valuable for the further analysis of power systems connected with the small wind turbines.

scholarly journals Optimization of Power and Levelized Cost for Shrouded Small Wind Turbine

Inventions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Hasanali Khojasteh ◽  
Younes Noorollahi ◽  
Mojtaba Tahani ◽  
Mehran Masdari
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Input Parameters

Nowadays, by increasing energy demand and considering the importance of environmental issues in recent decades, the use of renewable energies is expanding. Among renewable energies, wind power and its technology are growing and evolving more rapidly. Resource assessment in Iran has revealed the significant potential of wind energy around the country. To further develop wind energy in the country and create large-scale wind power plants, the consideration of distributed power generation using small wind turbines for applications in agricultural and residential use is needed. Conventional small wind turbines and small wind lens turbines have been developed in recent years. In this research project, a small wind lens turbine is designed. The advantages of this turbine are an increased production capacity and reduced cut-in speed and noise pollution. In this study, a lens (or shroud) is added to a small turbine, and the maximized annual energy production (AEP) and minimization of the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) are modeled. We applied the NSGA-II algorithm for optimization to find the best answer. The input parameters in the objective function of the AEP are cut-in, cut-out, rated speeds, scale factor, and shape factor. Additionally, the input parameters in the objective function of the LCOE are the power production, initial capital cost, annual operating expenses, and balance of energy. The results indicate that installing a wind lens turbine in Kish Island led to an LCOE decrease of 56% on average, and we can see an 83% increase in the AEP. In the Firoozkooh area, an average reduction of 59% in the LCOE and 74% increase in the AEP for a wind lens turbine is observed.

scholarly journals Fault Ride-Through Capability Enhancement for Microinverter Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Arab Ansari ◽  
Amir Reza Mizani ◽  
Siamak Ashouri ◽  
Javad Shokrollahi Moghani
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Low Voltage Ride Through ◽  
Fault Ride Through ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Wind Power Systems ◽  
Conduction Mode

Due to the fast growth of single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems, the existing grid codes are expected to be modified to guarantee the availability, quality, and reliability of the electrical system. Therefore, the future single-phase PV systems should become smarter and support low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability, which are required for three-phase wind power systems. In this paper, the operation principle of a flyback inverter in a low-voltage ride-through operation is demonstrated in order to map future challenges. The steady state performance of the flyback inverter under voltage rise and drop conditions at boundary conduction mode (BCM) and discontinues conduction mode (DCM) is studied theoretically. The simulation results of the flyback inverter for various grid faults are presented to verify the theoretical analyses. The results indicate the fact that the flyback inverter at BCM condition can provide LVRT capability for photovoltaic microinverter applications in distributed generation (DG) systems, even though it does not need any auxiliary control branches and any limitations in components design.

The Low Voltage Ride through Simulation Analysis for Wind Turbines to Grid

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 687-691
Author(s):  
Ze Xin Zhang ◽  
Guang Qing Bao
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Grid Voltage ◽  
Low Voltage Ride Through ◽  
Voltage Dip ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Voltage Recovery

According to the provisions of low voltage ride through capability of wind turbines in the “large-scale design and technical specifications for wind farm to grid” of china, proposed a method to simulate this low voltage ride through grid voltage by computer simulation software. The simulation method is mainly used to simulate whether the wind turbines grid can meet the low voltage ride through requirements. In order to obtain the required grid voltage, the fault simulation circuit is divided into voltage dip part and voltage recovery part, which were used to simulated 20% & 90% voltage dip and the 20% grid voltage gradually recovered to 90% grid voltage. Three-phase fault modules for the voltage dip part, Three-phase programmable voltage source module for the voltage recovery part. The simulation results show that simulation system we build can simulate the required grid voltage.

scholarly journals Inverter Performance for Small Wind Turbines When Connected In Paralled with the Low-Voltage Distribution System

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Jonathan Blackledge ◽  
◽  
Eugene Coyle ◽  
Derek Kearney ◽  
Eamonn Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Distribution ◽  
Small Wind Turbines

scholarly journals CFD SIMULATION AND VISUALIZATION BASED INVESTIGATION OF SMALL WIND TURBINE POTENTIAL: A CASE STUDY “NEUER STÖCKACH” FOR STUTTGART

2021 ◽  
Vol VIII-4/W1-2021 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
M. Brennenstuhl ◽  
M. von der Gruen ◽  
S. Harbola ◽  
A. Koukofikis ◽  
R. Padsala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Small Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Concept ◽  
Small Wind Turbines

Abstract. In the face of climate change and the energy transition that the German federal government is aiming for, all renewable energy potentials need to be tapped. Unfortunately, small wind turbines play a niche role in Germany and most other countries despite the fact, that although they offer advantages as e.g. almost seasonal independent energy production in close proximity to the consumer on the same low-voltage grid level. One reason beside the lower wind speeds that can be expected closer to the ground is, that in comparison to PV (photovoltaic), for which good yield forecasts can be made using global radiation measurements from nearby weather stations or online databases, the yield of small wind turbines, especially in urban areas, can only be forecasted using on-site measurements due to the influence of the surrounding buildings and topography. This method is time-consuming and costly. To address this, within this work a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation based visualization framework for the investigation of the small wind turbine potential is presented. In this specific case the energy supply company EnBW is planning to refurbish the “Neuer Stöckach” urban quarter on the former “Stöckach” company site. As part of the redevelopment, a comprehensive energy concept is planned to integrate renewable energies. In this context the integration of small wind turbines into the energy concept is examined according to this new methodology.

scholarly journals LVRT and Stability Enhancement of Grid-Tied Wind Farm Using DFIG-Based Wind Turbine

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Jannatul Mawa Akanto ◽  
Md. Rifat Hazari ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Mannan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Induction Generators ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Doubly Fed

According to the grid code specifications, low voltage ride-through (LVRT) is one of the key factors for grid-tied wind farms (WFs). Since fixed-speed wind turbines with squirrel cage induction generators (FSWT-SCIGs) require an adequate quantity of reactive power throughout the transient period, conventional WF consisting of SCIG do not typically have LVRT capabilities that may cause instability in the power system. However, variable-speed wind turbines with doubly fed induction generators (VSWT-DFIGs) have an adequate amount of LVRT enhancement competency, and the active and reactive power transmitted to the grid can also be controlled. Moreover, DFIG is quite expensive because of its partial rating (AC/DC/AC) converter than SCIG. Accordingly, combined installation of both WFs could be an effective solution. Hence, this paper illustrated a new rotor-side converter (RSC) control scheme, which played a significant role in ensuring the LVRT aptitude for a wide range of hybrid WF consisting of both FSWT-SCIGs and VSWT-DFIGs. What is more, the proposed RSC controller of DFIG was configured to deliver an ample quantity of reactive power to the SCIG during the fault state to make the overall system stable. Simulation analyses were performed for both proposed and traditional controllers of RSC of the DFIG in the PSCAD/EMTDC environment to observe the proposed controller response. Overall, the presented control scheme could guarantee the LVRT aptitude of large-scale SCIG.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Flicker Emissions from Small Wind Turbines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7263
Author(s):  
Junji Kondoh ◽  
Daisuke Kodaira
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Voltage Quality ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Generation Systems

It is well known that the output power from small wind turbines (SWTs) fluctuates noticeably more when compared to that from other types of dispersed generators, such as residential photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems. Thus, the degradation of voltage quality, such as flicker emissions, when numerous SWTs are installed in a low-voltage distribution system is a particular concern. Nevertheless, practical examples of flicker emissions from small wind power facilities have not been made public. This paper aims to clarify the characteristics of flicker emissions by SWTs and their severity. The measurement results at the two selected sites indicate that the flicker emissions solely caused by variable-speed SWTs with a total power rating of ~20 kW are notably lower than the upper limit, and they are at their highest when the mean total output power is approximately 3/4 of the total power rating of small wind power facilities.

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