Variable Speed Drive DC-Bus Voltage Dip Proofing

This paper proposes a power electronic module that uses a switched capacitor for retaining the integrity of the dc-link voltage of a variable speed drive (VSD) during a 0.2 s short-term power interruption (STPI). Ride-through was achieved through switched capacitor onto the dc bus. However, this technique presents a challenge of the high inrush currents during a ride through compensation. In this work both analytical and experimental investigations were conducted in order to reduce the in-rush currents and its impact on the performance of the VSD during the STPI. Inrush peak currents were reduced by approximately 90%. Experimental results showed torque pulsations of 12.8% and 14.3% at the start and end of dc-link voltage compensation, respectively. A method for sizing the switched capacitor and the inrush limiting resistors is proposed. This methodology is based on the use of readily available nameplate information of the VSD and the electric motor. The proposed module can be retrofitted to existing VSDs that are based on v/f control.

Implementation of a Photovoltaic Inverter with Modified Automatic Voltage Regulator Control Designed to Mitigate Momentary Voltage Dip

The main objective of this research is to propose an active and reactive power injection control in order to mitigate voltage sags. The proposed control strategy works in conjunction with a modified version of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR), where it will act on the active and reactive powers injected by the inverter to reduce the effects of voltage sags. In this way, the control will avoid possible shutdowns and damage to the equipment connected to the grid. The voltage improvement can be perceived for consumers connected to the power system. Modifications in AVR model and parameters are performed to speed up its performance, thus identifying the short-duration voltage variations (SDVV) and, consequently, the control acts to alter the powers, decreasing the active power injection and increasing the reactive power based on inverter capacity during the momentary voltage dip (MVD). Finally, when the fault is cleared, all values return to the pre-fault condition, so that the inverter only operates with active power. A 75 kW three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPVS) equipped with the proposed control was inserted in a distribution grid of the city of Palmas, state of Tocantins, Brazil, and all of the computer simulations were performed on the Matlab/Simulink®.

Optimal tuning of PI controllers using adaptive particle swarm optimization for doubly-fed induction generator connected to the grid during a voltage dip

This paper proposes the adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) technique to control the active and reactive power produced by a variable wind energy conversion system and the exchanged power between the electric grid and the system during a voltage dip (VD). Besides, to get the variable speed wind energy maximum power, a maximum power point (MPP) methodology is utilized. The system under study is a 5 MW wind turbine connected via a gearbox to a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). The DFIG stator is branched directly to the electrical network, while the Back-to-Back converters couple the rotor to the grid. The decoupled vector control of the rotor side converter and the grid side converter is established primarily by a conventional proportional-integral (PI) and a second level by an intelligent PI whose gains are tuned using the proposed control. The performances and results obtained by APSO tuned PI controllers are analyzed and compared with those attained by classical PI controllers through the MATLAB/Simulink. The superiority of the advised technique is examined during a two-phase short-circuit fault condition and confirmed by the reduced oscillations.

Clustering Technique for Scenario Reduction in Post-Energy Transition Voltage Dips Assessment

The Dutch transmission system operator makes multiple scenarios to predict the future developments. These scenarios will help to define the risk factors and constraints in the grid, for which reinforcement planning is necessary. The developed grid after these reinforcements should continue to fulfil the power quality assessment criteria specified in the Dutch grid code. The reduction in system strength due to partial phase out of the conventional generation may have an adverse impact on the PQ, especially the voltage dips. Precise assessment criteria for voltage dips have been stipulated by the Dutch grid code that also need to be met after the energy transition. Evaluating all possible grid future scenarios can provide insight in possible future operating conditions. In practice, due to various combinations of network configurations, loading scenarios and dispatch scenarios, it is not possible to analyze all operating scenarios in detail. This paper presents a method to determine the most important scenarios for voltage dip assessments using a clustering technique. The proposed clustering technique reduces the number of scenarios that are needed to be assessed that makes the whole process doable in practice.

Multilevel converter integration for low voltage ride through controlling renewable wind energy conversion systems

In this study, a new control of grid-connected doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) is introduced to attain lowvoltage ride-through capability. The grid-side converter is proposed to be a multilevel converter (MLC) controlled by conventional DC-link voltage controller. The MLC is designed and integrated into the grid-connected DFIG. The rotor-side converter is considered a two-level conventional converter controlled by the proposed virtual voltage strategy. The virtual strategy is to use the designed input control signal rather than the actual measured one during system disturbance. The system disturbance in this study is the voltage dip. The proposed virtual controller is designed to use busbar voltage during normal operation, whereas it utilizes the designed virtual voltage during wide range conditions of low grid voltages. The energy conversion system currents are increased due to voltage dip disturbances. The use of designed virtual voltage values is proposed as inputs to the controller to limit these currents at the rating values. These virtual voltages are extracted using direct-quadrature machine representation and fixed machine currents at the rated values or lower. On the basis of the proposed control concerning the virtual voltage concept, the generator currents are limited to the rated values, thereby protecting the energy conversion system during low grid voltages. Simulation results prove the validity of the proposed control scheme during extreme low voltages.