scholarly journals Experimental Platform for Evaluation of On-Board Real-Time Motion Controllers for Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6448
Author(s):  
Thanh Vo-Duy ◽  
Minh C. Ta ◽  
Bảo-Huy Nguyễn ◽  
João Pedro F. Trovão
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Control Force ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Electronic Stability Program ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Braking Control

Electric vehicles are considered to be a greener and safer means of transport thanks to the distinguished advantages of electric motors. Studies on this object require experimental platforms for control validation purpose. Under the pressure of research, the development of these platforms must be reliable, safe, fast, and cost effective. To practically validate the control system, the controllers should be implemented in an on-board micro-controller platform; whereas, the vehicle model should be realized in a real-time emulator that behaves like the real vehicle. In this paper, we propose a signal hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for electric vehicles that are driven by four independent electric motors installed in wheels (in-wheel motor). The system is elaborately built on the basis of longitudinal, lateral, and yaw dynamics, as well as kinematic and position models, of which the characteristics are complete and comprehensive. The performance of the signal hardware-in-the-loop system is evaluated by various open-loop testing scenarios and by validation of a representative closed-loop optimal force distribution control. The proposed system can be applied for researches on active safety system of electric vehicles, including traction, braking control, force/torque distribution strategy, and electronic stability program.

Fuzzy Logic Real-Time Digital Control of a Hardware in the Loop Maglev Device Using MATLAB and xPC Target

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Taghavi ◽  
P. S. Shiakolas ◽  
O. Kuljaca
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Digital Control ◽  
Magnetic Levitation ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Reference Trajectory ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Control Effort

This work will discuss the use of a single environment for real-time digital control with a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) magnetic levitation (maglev) device for modeling and controls education, with emphasis on fuzzy logic (FL) feedforward control. This environment utilizes two computers (host and target), an off-the-shelf data acquisition card, and the HIL device (a nonlinear, open-loop, unstable, and time varying, custom-built maglev). The software includes tools from MathWorks Inc., and a C++ compiler. The values of any parameter (control law, reference trajectory) in the Smulink model can be changed dynamically on the host computer and their effects observed in real-time on the HIL system. Real-time data was collected from the HIL device and used in designing, tuning and implementing a feedforward FL controller all using MathWorks tools that controlled the HIL device in real-time. It was observed that the tracking error was substantially improved when the FL augmented the control effort of a classical lead compensator. The procedure for the FL development, tuning and hardware implementation along with examples will be presented. This system has been recently completed and was successfully used in an educational setting for one graduate and undergraduate Mechanical Engineering course.

scholarly journals Protection Schemes of Meshed Distribution Networks for Smart Grids and Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros Lazarou ◽  
Vasiliki Vita ◽  
Lambros Ekonomou
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
System Planning ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Review Analysis ◽  
Time Simulation ◽  
Protection Systems

This paper reviews protection schemes for meshed distribution networks. It gives emphasis to the increasing penetration of electric vehicles, their charging patterns, and to the increasing value of distributed generators, especially from renewables. It includes a preliminary analysis on system planning with electric vehicles that is studied probabilistically and a more detailed analysis of the expected changes introduced by these new loads. Finally, a real time hardware-in-the-loop review analysis for protection systems and the open source networks available for protection studies from several sources are also provided. This work could be useful as a collective review of the recent bibliography on protection for meshed networks, giving emphasis to electric vehicles and their real time simulation.

Modeling Considerations for Testing Full-Scale Offshore Wind Turbine Nacelles With Hardware-in-the-Loop

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk Heinold ◽  
Meghashyam Panyam ◽  
Amin Bibo
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Time Simulation ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
Torsional Frequency

Abstract When compared to open-loop configuration, full-scale wind turbine nacelle testing with Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) configuration allows for coupled electro-mechanical as well as full operational certification tests with the native nacelle controllers. This configuration requires a full turbine real-time simulation running in parallel to the nacelle under test. In this study, a baseline simulation model is used to investigate the nacelle fidelity necessary to capture dynamic characteristics of interest while meeting the real-time requirements. The same model is also utilized to understand the influence of different boundary conditions seen by the nacelle when mounted on a test bench without a rotor, tower, and platform. The results show that the torsional dynamics are mainly governed by the flexibility of the main shaft and the gearbox supports. It is also demonstrated that the abstraction of the nacelle leads to a torsional frequency shift and higher frequency content in component responses necessitating compensation techniques for proper implementation of HIL testing.

scholarly journals Real-Time Energy Management of Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Linear Quadratic Regulation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5538
Author(s):  
Bảo-Huy Nguyễn ◽  
João Pedro F. Trovão ◽  
Ronan German ◽  
Alain Bouscayrol
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Parallel Hybrid ◽  
Linear Quadratic Regulation ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Optimization-based methods are of interest for developing energy management strategies due to their high performance for hybrid electric vehicles. However, these methods are often complicated and may require strong computational efforts, which can prevent them from real-world applications. This paper proposes a novel real-time optimization-based torque distribution strategy for a parallel hybrid truck. The strategy aims to minimize the engine fuel consumption while ensuring battery charge-sustaining by using linear quadratic regulation in a closed-loop control scheme. Furthermore, by reformulating the problem, the obtained strategy does not require the information of the engine efficiency map like the previous works in literature. The obtained strategy is simple, straightforward, and therefore easy to be implemented in real-time platforms. The proposed method is evaluated via simulation by comparison to dynamic programming as a benchmark. Furthermore, the real-time ability of the proposed strategy is experimentally validated by using power hardware-in-the-loop simulation.

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