scholarly journals Modelling and Control of a Grid-Connected RES-Hydrogen Hybrid Microgrid

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1540
Author(s):  
Jonny Esteban Villa Londono ◽  
Andrea Mazza ◽  
Enrico Pons ◽  
Harm Lok ◽  
Ettore Bompard
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Hybrid Microgrid ◽  
Power Exchange ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Electrical Substation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Exchange Membrane

This paper proposes a Hybrid Microgrid (HμG) model including distributed generation (DG) and a hydrogen-based storage system, controlled through a tailored control strategy. The HμG is composed of three DG units, two of them supplied by solar and wind sources, and the latter one based on the exploitation of theProton Exchange Membrane (PEM) technology. Furthermore, the system includes an alkaline electrolyser, which is used as a responsive load to balance the excess of Variable Renewable Energy Sources (VRES) production, and to produce the hydrogen that will be stored into the hydrogen tank and that will be used to supply the fuel cell in case of lack of generation. The main objectives of this work are to present a validated dynamic model for every component of the HμG and to provide a strategy to reduce as much as possible the power absorption from the grid by exploiting the VRES production. The alkaline electrolyser and PEM fuel cell models are validated through real measurements. The State of Charge (SoC) of the hydrogen tank is adjusted through an adaptive scheme. Furthermore, the designed supervisor power control allows reducing the power exchange and improving the system stability. Finally, a case, considering a summer load profile measured in an electrical substation of Politecnico di Torino, is presented. The results demonstrates the advantages of a hydrogen-based micro-grid, where the hydrogen is used as medium to store the energy produced by photovoltaic and wind systems, with the aim to improve the self-sufficiency of the system.

Application of Cascade H-Bridge Inverter in Super-Capacitor Energy Storage System

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 1054-1057
Author(s):  
Guo Ju Zhang ◽  
Rong Cai ◽  
Lisa Qi ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Rong Rong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Super Capacitor ◽  
Power Exchange ◽  
Cascade Connection ◽  
Fast Power ◽  
Power And Energy ◽  
And Control

This paper presents application of a CHB inverter based SESS. CHB inverter is characterized by cascade connection of multiple single-phase H-bridge (or full bridge) inverter cells. CHB inverter can make SESS flexible in circuit design, reduced voltage steps, and lower EMI. This paper presents circuit architecture design, modeling of CHB inverter based SESS, and control strategy focusing on power and energy balance control among Sub modules (SMs). The simulation results verify that the CHB inverter based SESS have a good performance in both fast power exchange and SM energy balance.

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System Identification and Control: Part I — System Dynamics, Modeling and Identification

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee-Pien Yang ◽  
Fu-Cheng Wang ◽  
Hsin-Ping Chang ◽  
Ying-Wei Ma ◽  
Chih-Wei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
System Identification ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Auxiliary Input

This paper consists of two parts to address a systematic method of system identification and control of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. This fuel cell is used for communication devices of small power, involving complex electrochemical reactions of nonlinear and time-varying dynamic properties. From a system point of view, the dynamic model of PEM fuel cell is reduced to a configuration of two inputs, hydrogen and air flow rates, and two outputs, cell voltage and current. The corresponding transfer functions describe linearized subsystem dynamics with finite orders and time-varying parameters, which are expressed as discrete-time auto-regression moving-average with auxiliary input models for system identification by the recursive least square algorithm. In experiments, a pseudo random binary sequence of hydrogen or air flow rate is fed to a single fuel cell device to excite its dynamics. By measuring the corresponding output signals, each subsystem transfer function of reduced order is identified, while the unmodeled, higher-order dynamics and disturbances are described by the auxiliary input term. This provides a basis of adaptive control strategy to improve the fuel cell performance in terms of efficiency, transient and steady state specifications. Simulation shows the adaptive controller is robust to the variation of fuel cell system dynamics.

scholarly journals Methodology for the Optimal Design of a Hybrid Charging Station of Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles Supplied by Renewable Energies and an Energy Storage System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Higinio Sánchez-Sáinz ◽  
Carlos-Andrés García-Vázquez ◽  
Francisco Llorens Iborra ◽  
Luis M. Fernández-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Design System ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Electrical Generation

The global energy system is changing, mainly to achieve sustainable transport technologies and clean electrical generation based on renewable sources. Thus, as fuels, electricity and hydrogen are the most promising transport technologies in order to reduce greenhouse emissions. On the other hand, photovoltaic and wind energies, including energy storage, have become the main sources of distributed generation. This study proposes a new optimal-technical sizing method based on the Simulink Design Optimization of a stand-alone microgrid with renewable energy sources and energy storage to provide energy to a wireless power transfer system to charge electric vehicles along a motorway and to a hydrogen charging station for fuel cell-powered buses. The results show that the design system can provide energy for the charging of electric vehicles along the motorway and produce the hydrogen consumed by the fuel cell-buses plus a certain tank reserve. The flexibility of the study allows the analysis of other scenarios, design requirements, configurations or types of microgrids.

scholarly journals Decentralized control of level-shifted carrier-based pwm for modular multilevel interlinking converter in hybrid microgrid

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Quốc Dũng Phan ◽  
Phu Cong NGUYEN ◽  
Phuoc Hoa TRUONG ◽  
Dinh Tuyen NGUYEN ◽  
Duc Hung NGUYEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decentralized Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Level Shift ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Hybrid Microgrid ◽  
Shift Control ◽  
Power Exchange ◽  
Exchange Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Results

The interlinking converters is one of the important components in the hybrid mirogrid system, the study of structure and control method of the interlinking converters in hybrid mirogrid has been implemented and achieved positive results. This paper proposes an improved decentralized control of level-shifted carrier-based PWM for a modular multilevel interlinking converter (IC-MMC) in standalone hybrid microgrid (HMG-Hybrid Microgrid). Main research objectives is to study the capability of the decentralized control method proposed for the IC-MMC unit when performing the power exchange control task between the DC and AC bus in the HMG system, increased flexibility in controls. Furthermore, the proposed control method for IC-MMC for HMG is also verified in term of dynamically reconfiguration when changing the number of modules in the MMC when the improve of system reliability is needed. The feasibility of the carrier level shift control method for IC-MMC in HMG has been verified by simulation model on MATLAB/Simulink software to evaluate the ability to exchange power between the DC bus and the AC bus.

scholarly journals Modelling and control of a grid-tied power conditioning unit for a megawatt fuel cell system

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Khlid Ben Hamad ◽  
Mohamed Tariq Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Power Conditioning ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
And Control ◽  
Exchange Membrane

It is a reality that future development in the energy sector is founded on the utilization of renewable and sustainable energy sources. These energy sources can empower to meet the double targets of diminishing greenhouse gas emissions and ensuring reliable and cost-effective energy supply. Fuel cells are one of the advanced clean energy technologies and have demonstrated their ability to be a decent substitute to address the above-mentioned concerns. They are viewed as reliable and efficient technologies to operate either tied or non-tied to the grid and power applications ranging from domestic, commercial to industrial. Among different fuel cell technologies, proton exchange membrane is the most attractive. Its connection to the utility grid requires that the power conditioning system serving as the interface between the stack and the grid operates accordingly. This study aims to model and control a power conditioning system for the grid-connection of a megawatt fuel cell stack. Besides the grid, the system consists of a 1.54 MW/1400 V DC proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, a 1.3 MW/600 V three-level diode clamped inverter and an LCL filter which is designed to reduced harmonics and meet the standards such as IEEE 519 and IEC 61000-3-6. The power conditioning control scheme comprises voltage and current regulators to provide a good power factor and satisfy synchronization requirements with the grid. The frequency and phase are synchronized with those of the grid through a phase-locked-loop. The modelling and simulation are performed using Matlab/Simulink. The results show good performance of the proposed microgrid as well as the inverter design and control approach with a low total harmonic distortion of about 0.35% for the voltage and 0.19% for the current.   

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