scholarly journals Prospects of Integrated Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Systems in a Hydrogen Economy: A Comprehensive Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6827
Author(s):  
Chukwuma Ogbonnaya ◽  
Chamil Abeykoon ◽  
Adel Nasser ◽  
Ali Turan ◽  
Cyril Sunday Ume
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Grid Applications

Integrated photovoltaic-fuel cell (IPVFC) systems, amongst other integrated energy generation methodologies are renewable and clean energy technologies that have received diverse research and development attentions over the last few decades due to their potential applications in a hydrogen economy. This article systematically updates the state-of-the-art of IPVFC systems and provides critical insights into the research and development gaps needed to be filled/addressed to advance these systems towards full commercialization. Design methodologies, renewable energy-based microgrid and off-grid applications, energy management strategies, optimizations and the prospects as self-sustaining power sources were covered. IPVFC systems could play an important role in the upcoming hydrogen economy since they depend on solar hydrogen which has almost zero emissions during operation. Highlighted herein are the advances as well as the technical challenges to be surmounted to realize numerous potential applications of IPVFC systems in unmanned aerial vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, agricultural applications, telecommunications, desalination, synthesis of ammonia, boats, buildings, and distributed microgrid applications.

scholarly journals Prospects of Integrated Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Systems in a Hydrogen Economy: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuma Ogbonnaya ◽  
Chamil Abeykoon ◽  
Adel Nasser ◽  
Ali Turan ◽  
Cyril Sunday Ume
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Solar Hydrogen ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Grid Applications

Integrated photovoltaic-fuel cell (IPVFC) systems, amongst other integrated energy generation methodologies are renewable and clean energy technologies that have received diverse research and development attentions over the last few decades due to their potential applications in a hydrogen economy. This article systematically updates the state-of-the-art of IPVFC systems and provides critical insights into the research and development gaps needed to be filled/addressed to advance these systems towards full commercialisation. The design methodologies, renewable energy-based microgrid and off-grid applications, energy management strategies, optimisations and the prospects as self-sustaining power source were covered. IPVFC systems could play an important role in the upcoming hydrogen economy since they depend on solar hydrogen which has almost zero emissions during operation. Highlighted herein are the progresses as well as the technical challenges requiring research efforts to solve to realise numerous potential applications of IPVFC systems such as in unmanned aerial vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, agricultural applications, telecommunications, desalination, synthesis of ammonia, boats, buildings, and distributed microgrid applications.

Conceptual Design and Key Technology Development of a Long-Range Underwater Vehicle Traveling Over Thousands Kilometers

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yoshida ◽  
Sawa Takao ◽  
Tadahiro Hyakudome ◽  
Shojiro Ishibashi ◽  
Hiroshi Ochi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Long Time

The underwater platform which has enough ability to cruise globally and freely in vast deep sea will allow us to make the survey of entire oceans. We aim to develop an underwater platform which travels and surveys across entire oceans for the research into the global change, ocean-trench earthquake, and biodiversity and so on. We have developed the first prototype underwater platform or the long-range cruising autonomous underwater vehicle (LCAUV) named Urashima since 1998. The vehicle powered by a polymer electrolyte fuel cell system marked the world record of cruising distance of 317 kilometers in 2005. The vehicle has the following specifications: length; 10 m, weight; 10 tons, maximum depth ratings; 3500 m, maximum cruising speed; 3.2 knots, and endurance; 60 hours. This large vehicle has large user payload of a few hundreds kilograms. In 2007, we started research and development of the elemental technologies which will be utilizes for development of the second generation LCAUV to achieve cruising range of over 3000 kilometers. The technologies under research and development are power sources, navigation methods, communication methods, vehicle controllers, materials for body, and advanced sensors for highly resolution survey. The fuel cell and secondary battery hybrid system is had to improve at energy efficiency to generate electricity as possible for long time running with limited energy. A high accuracy inertial navigation system and an underwater positioning system being covered area of over 1000 km are under development. A synthesized aperture sonar is also under development.

Real-Time Applicable Power Management of Multi-Source Fuel Cell Vehicles Using Situation-Based Model Predictive Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Ali ◽  
Dirk Söffker
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Multiple Characteristic ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Driving Cycles

Abstract Power management in all-electric powertrains has a significant potential to optimally handle the limited energy and power density of electric power sources. Situation-based power management strategies (SB-PMSs), defining optimized solutions related to specific vehicle situations, offer the ability to reduce computational requirements and enhance the solution optimality of simple rule-based algorithms. Moreover, the local optimality of SB-PMSs can be addressed by considering online optimization of the situated solutions for limited horizons. This paper presents a novel PMSs using model predictive control (MPC) to define optimal control strategies based on situated solutions for fuel cell hybrid vehicles. Vehicle states are defined in terms of multiple characteristic variables and power management decisions are optimized offline for each vehicle states. Prediction of vehicle states is conducted using statistical predictive model based on state transitions in a number of driving cycles. Preoptimized solutions related to predicted states are iterated online to achieve better optimality over the look-ahead horizon. Results analysis from online testing revealed the ability of SB-MPC to improve the optimality of situation-based solutions and hence reduce total energy cost in different driving cycles.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologies for Sustainable Stationary Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-185
Author(s):  
Raluca-Andreea Felseghi ◽  
Florin Badea
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Cell Technologies ◽  
Main Components

Science has shown that there are two sustainable alternatives to providing energy needs: renewable energy resources and fuel cells-hydrogen-based energy, which will play a complementary role in securing global energy resources. By promoting the use of hydrogen-based energy technologies, as clean energy technologies for stationary applications, at the level of local communities, industrial and commercial communities, research topics in this field will help the practical development of sustainable and clean energy systems. This chapter provides an overview of fuel cells highlighting aspects related to fuel cell short history, the main components and operating principles of fuel cells, the main constructive fuel cell types, and the main ways of powering stationary applications through the hydrogen fuel cell technologies.

Twenty-First Century Power Generation - Fuel Cells, A Review

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Martin R. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
First Century ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Alternative Power ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Conventional Alternative

This Paper describes the principles of the fuel cell as a power (and usually heat) generation device, including a discussion of the supporting system, or Balance of Plant - an essential necessity for commercial applications. It goes on to describe the variety of fuel cell types, their status and potential applications. Reference is then made to the major international participants in fuel cell R&D and the rapidly growing UK programme, supported both by the DTI and EPSRC. Finally, an attempt is made to project timescales for the emergence of commercial products, with due recognition for the barriers to development and the rapid progress towards reduced environmental impact being made by conventional alternative power sources.

scholarly journals High Performance Electrocatalysts Based on Pt Nanoarchitecture for Fuel Cell Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Woo Lee ◽  
SeungNam Cha ◽  
Kyung-Won Park ◽  
Jung Inn Sohn ◽  
Jong Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Shape Effects ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Efficient Power ◽  
Energy Conversion Devices

Fuel cells, converting chemical energy from fuels into electricity directly without the need for combustion, are promising energy conversion devices for their potential applications as environmentally friendly, energy efficient power sources. However, to take fuel cell technology forward towards commercialization, we need to achieve further improvements in electrocatalyst technology, which can play an extremely important role in essentially determining cost-effectiveness, performance, and durability. In particular, platinum- (Pt-) based electrocatalyst approaches have been extensively investigated and actively pursued to meet those demands as an ideal fuel cell catalyst due to their most outstanding activity for both cathode oxygen reduction reactions and anode fuel oxidation reactions. In this review, we will address important issues and recent progress in the development of Pt-based catalysts, their synthesis, and characterization. We will also review snapshots of research that are focused on essential dynamics aspects of electrocatalytic reactions, such as the shape effects on the catalytic activity of Pt-based nanostructures, the relationships between structural morphology of Pt-based nanostructures and electrochemical reactions on both cathode and anode electrodes, and the effects of composition and electronic structure of Pt-based catalysts on electrochemical reaction properties of fuel cells.

scholarly journals Clean energy and the hydrogen economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2098) ◽  
pp. 20160400 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Brandon ◽  
Z. Kurban
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Industrial Sectors

In recent years, new-found interest in the hydrogen economy from both industry and academia has helped to shed light on its potential. Hydrogen can enable an energy revolution by providing much needed flexibility in renewable energy systems. As a clean energy carrier, hydrogen offers a range of benefits for simultaneously decarbonizing the transport, residential, commercial and industrial sectors. Hydrogen is shown here to have synergies with other low-carbon alternatives, and can enable a more cost-effective transition to de-carbonized and cleaner energy systems. This paper presents the opportunities for the use of hydrogen in key sectors of the economy and identifies the benefits and challenges within the hydrogen supply chain for power-to-gas, power-to-power and gas-to-gas supply pathways. While industry players have already started the market introduction of hydrogen fuel cell systems, including fuel cell electric vehicles and micro-combined heat and power devices, the use of hydrogen at grid scale requires the challenges of clean hydrogen production, bulk storage and distribution to be resolved. Ultimately, greater government support, in partnership with industry and academia, is still needed to realize hydrogen's potential across all economic sectors. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The challenges of hydrogen and metals’.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation of PEMFC Short-Circuit Behaviour Using an Agglomerate Model Approach

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4108
Author(s):  
Carsten Cosse ◽  
Marc Schumann ◽  
Florian Grumm ◽  
Daniel Becker ◽  
Detlef Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Double Layer Capacity

With increasing interest in clean energy generation in the transportation sector, increasing attention has been given to polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells as viable power sources. One issue, the widespread application of this technology faces, is the insufficient knowledge regarding the transient behaviour of fuel cells, for instance, following a short-circuit event. In this paper, an agglomerate model is presented and validated, which enables the transient simulation of short-circuit events to predict the resulting peak current and discharge of the double layer capacity. The model allows for the incorporation of detailed morphological and compositional information regarding all fuel cell components. This information is used to calculate the reaction rate, diffusional and convectional species transfer, and the momentum transport. It can be shown that the charge in the double layer capacitance of the fuel cell is key to predicting the peak current and its charge is dependent on the operating conditions of the fuel cell. Further, the effects of the magnitude of the double layer capacity, current rise time and stoichiometry on the dynamic behaviour of the fuel cell are investigated. It can be shown that the discharge of the double layer capacity proceeds from the membrane through the catalyst layer to the gas diffusion layer and that the stoichiometry of the gas supply does not significantly change the absolute peak value of the short-circuit current.

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