Carbon Neutral China by 2060: The Role of Clean Heating Systems

Smog pollution is a severe social and environmental concern for the space-heating regions in China due to fossil-intensive space heating. To reduce polluting emissions and improve social and environmental performance, local government agencies should choose adequate cleaner space-heating technologies based on diverse local conditions. This implies that all cleaner heating solutions should be considered, including low-emissions fossil fuel district heating and low-emissions fossil fuel decentralized heating as transitional technologies, as well as biomass and electricity-driven heat pumps as long-term solutions. However, stakeholders such as policy makers, equipment manufacturers, and house owners, often lack necessary information to assess the feasibility for installing adequate heating solutions at the local level. It is therefore necessary to establish a systematic method to evaluate each heating solution in various geolocations of China. This paper reviews the current heating situation in China and proposes a spatial system analysis method as a tool for heating-solution feasibility evaluation. By applying the spatial system analysis method, a qualitative investigation on the choice of heating solution in different regions of China is provided.

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Fossil-fuel heat pumps for domestic, commercial and industrial space heating

IEE Proceedings A Physical Science Measurement and Instrumentation Management and Education Reviews ◽

10.1049/ip-a-1.1980.0051 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 127 (5) ◽

pp. 326

Author(s):

R.E. Critoph

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuel ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Space Heating ◽

Industrial Space

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Life Cycle Cost of Heat Supply to Areas with Detached Houses—A Comparison of District Heating and Heat Pumps from an Energy System Perspective

Energies ◽

10.3390/en11123266 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3266 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Moa Swing Gustafsson ◽

Jonn Myhren ◽

Erik Dotzauer

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Probability Distributions ◽

District Heating ◽

Energy System ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Local Conditions ◽

System Perspective ◽

Alternative Scenarios ◽

System Life

There are different views on whether district heating (DH) or heat pumps (HPs) is or are the best heating solution in order to reach a 100% renewable energy system. This article investigates the economic perspective, by calculating and comparing the energy system life cycle cost (LCC) for the two solutions in areas with detached houses. The LCC is calculated using Monte Carlo simulation, where all input data is varied according to predefined probability distributions. In addition to the parameter variations, 16 different scenarios are evaluated regarding the main fuel for the DH, the percentage of combined heat and power (CHP), the DH temperature level, and the type of electrical backup power. Although HP is the case with the lowest LCC for most of the scenarios, there are alternatives for each scenario in which either HP or DH has the lowest LCC. In alternative scenarios with additional electricity transmission costs, and a marginal cost perspective regarding the CHP investment, DH has the lowest LCC overall, taking into account all scenarios. The study concludes that the decision based on energy system economy on whether DH should expand into areas with detached houses must take local conditions into consideration.

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Building decarbonisation transition pathways

10.31224/osf.io/s43zg ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Lowe ◽

Tadeusz Oreszczyn

Keyword(s):

System Analysis ◽

District Heating ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Energy System ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Learning By Doing ◽

Technology Choice ◽

Electricity Grid ◽

Need To Evaluate

The problem of decarbonising heating in buildings has been studied for more than 20 years, but there is still no settled consensus on strategy or choice of technology. There is consensus that the problem requires analysis of the whole energy system. Recent literature based on whole system analysis appears to indicate that heat pumps are likely offer the cheapest decarbonisation option overall, achieving an immediate factor of three reduction in emissions, with the promise of close to zero emissions by 2030, as a consequence of a phenomenon that now appears unstoppable – the decarbonisation of electricity generation. Though some dwellings would also benefit from additional insulation to increase health and comfort, the overall role of insulation in decarbonisation is likely to be secondary. High levels of insulation are not essential to the deployment of heat pumps and are only likely to be cost effective in easy-to-treat properties. But technology choice is not an either-or question. Combinations of technology, such as hybrid heat pumps, and deployment of large heat pumps in district heating systems, offer obvious advantages. And if the role of hydrogen as a vector for supplying heat to individual homes appears limited on overall cost grounds, hydrogen or hydrogen-derived fuels are likely to play a strategic role in providing backup for the electricity grid at multiple levels, including the very long-term energy storage that will be needed from about 2040 onwards. Sifting through the multiple combinations and configurations of technologies that are, and will become available over the coming 30 years will be an on-going activity. In this context, a key recent development is an understanding of the need to complement conventional energy modelling with the tools of System Architecture. In addition, there is an ongoing need to evaluate and marshal evidence to establish what works and why, and to enhance learning-by-doing by bridging the gaps between research, innovation and communities of practice.

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5th generation district heating and cooling systems as a solution for renewable urban thermal energy supply

Advances in Geosciences ◽

10.5194/adgeo-49-129-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 129-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Stef Boesten ◽

Wilfried Ivens ◽

Stefan C. Dekker ◽

Herman Eijdems

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

District Heating ◽

Thermal Storage ◽

Energy System ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Cooling Systems ◽

Heating And Cooling

Abstract. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decrease dependency on depleting fossil fuel resources the shift to a renewable energy system is necessary. District heating and cooling systems are a viable solution to provide heat and cold in urban environments. Renewable heat and cold sources that may get incorporated in future urban energy systems will not provide the same high temperature output as current fossil fuel fired systems. Fifth generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) systems are decentralized, bi-directional, close to ground temperature networks that use direct exchange of warm and cold return flows and thermal storage to balance thermal demand as much as possible. 5GDHC offers a way to incorporate low temperature renewable heat sources including shallow geothermal energy, as well as reduce total demand by recuperating generated heat from cooling and generated cold from heating. The large scale of 5GDHC allows for optimal design of technical parts like heat pumps and thermal storage vessels, while increasing overall system efficiency by incorporating a large variety of supply and demand profiles. We provide a definition for 5GDHC and show how this concept differs from conventional district heating systems. The Mijnwater system in Heerlen, the Netherlands is showing what a city-level 5GDHC system can look like.

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Rancang Bangun Sistem Penerimaan Dan Mutasi Barang Pada PDAM Tirta Kerta Raharja

Sensi Journal ◽

10.33050/cices.v6i2.1164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 236-246

Author(s):

Ilamsyah Ilamsyah ◽

Yulianto Yulianto ◽

Tri Vita Febriani

Keyword(s):

System Analysis ◽

Object Oriented ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Web Based ◽

Visual Modeling ◽

Long Time ◽

The Right ◽

And Control ◽

Web Based System ◽

The Web

The right and appropriate system of receiving and transferring goods is needed by the company. In the process of receiving and transferring goods from the central warehouse to the branch warehouse at PDAM Tirta Kerta Raharja, Tangerang Regency, which is currently done manually is still ineffective and inaccurate because the Head of Subdivision uses receipt documents, namely PPBP and mutation of goods, namely MPPW in the form of paper as a submission media. The Head of Subdivision enters the data of receipt and mutation of goods manually and requires a relatively long time because at the time of demand for the transfer of goods the Head of Subdivision must check the inventory of goods in the central warehouse first. Therefore, it is necessary to hold a design of information systems for the receipt and transfer of goods from the central warehouse to a web-based branch warehouse that is already database so that it is more effective, efficient and accurate. With the web-based system of receiving and transferring goods that are already datatabed, it can facilitate the Head of Subdivision in inputing data on the receipt and transfer of goods and control of stock inventory so that the Sub Head of Subdivision can do it periodically to make it more effective, efficient and accurate. The method of data collection is done by observing, interviewing and studying literature from various previous studies, while the system analysis method uses the Waterfall method which aims to solve a problem and uses design methods with visual modeling that is object oriented with UML while programming using PHP and MySQL as a database.

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