scholarly journals Time-Lapse Image Method for Classifying Appliances in Nonintrusive Load Monitoring

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7630
Author(s):  
Joonho Seon ◽  
Youngghyu Sun ◽  
Soohyun Kim ◽  
Jinyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Event Detection ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Recurrence Plot ◽  
Image Method ◽  
Log Likelihood ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Extract Information

In this paper, a time-lapse image method is proposed to improve the classification accuracy for multistate appliances with complex patterns based on nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM). A log-likelihood ratio detector with a maxima algorithm was applied to construct a real-time event detection of home appliances. Moreover, a novel image-combining method was employed to extract information from the data based on the Gramian angular field (GAF) and recurrence plot (RP) transformations. From the simulation results, it was confirmed that the classification accuracy can be increased by up to 30% with the proposed method compared with the conventional approaches in classifying multistate appliances.

scholarly journals Improved Adaptive Successive Cancellation List Decoding of Polar Codes

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Xiumin Wang ◽  
Jinlong He ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Zhuoting Wu ◽  
Liang Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Polar Codes ◽  
Correct Result ◽  
List Decoding ◽  
Successive Cancellation ◽  
Burst Error ◽  
Log Likelihood ◽  
Information Sequence ◽  
Simulation Results

Although the adaptive successive cancellation list (AD-SCL) algorithm and the segmented-CRC adaptive successive cancellation list (SCAD-SCL) algorithm based on the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) can greatly reduce the computational complexity of the successive cancellation list (SCL) algorithm, these two algorithms discard the previous decoding result and re-decode by increasing L, where L is the size of list. When CRC fails, these two algorithms waste useful information from the previous decoding. In this paper, a simplified adaptive successive cancellation list (SAD-SCL) is proposed. Before the re-decoding of updating value L each time, SAD-SCL uses the existing log likelihood ratio (LLR) information to locate the range of burst error bits, and then re-decoding starts at the incorrect bit with the smallest index in this range. Moreover, when the segmented information sequence cannot get the correct result of decoding, the SAD-SCL algorithm uses SC decoding to complete the decoding of the subsequent segmentation information sequence. Furthermore, its decoding performance is almost the same as that of the subsequent segmentation information sequence using the AD-SCL algorithm. The simulation results show that the SAD-SCL algorithm has lower computational complexity than AD-SCL and SCAD-SCL with negligible loss of performance.

scholarly journals A Multi-Agent NILM Architecture for Event Detection and Load Classification

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4396
Author(s):  
André Eugenio Lazzaretti ◽  
Douglas Paulo Bertrand Renaux ◽  
Carlos Raimundo Erig Lima ◽  
Bruna Machado Mulinari ◽  
Hellen Cristina Ancelmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Event Detection ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Agent Architecture ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
New Algorithms

A multi-agent architecture for a Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) solution is presented and evaluated. The underlying rationale for such an architecture is that each agent (load event detection, feature extraction, and classification) outperforms others of the same type in particular scenarios; hence, by combining the expertise of these agents, the system presents an improved performance. Known NILM algorithms, as well as new algorithms, proposed by the authors, were individually evaluated and compared. The proposed architecture considers a NILM system composed of Load Monitoring Modules (LMM) that report to a Center of Operations, required in larger facilities. For the purposed of evaluating and comparing performance, five load event detect agents, five feature extraction agents, and five classification agents were studied so that the best combinations of agents could be implemented in LMMs. To evaluate the proposed system, the COOLL and the LIT-Dataset were used. Performance improvements were detected in all scenarios, with power-ON and power-OFF detection improving up to 13%, while classification accuracy improved up to 9.4%.

scholarly journals A Corpus-Based Study on the Use of the Logical Connector ‘Thus’ in the Academic Writing of Turkish EFL Learners

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Serpil Ucar ◽  
Ceyhun Yukselir
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
American English ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Log Likelihood ◽  
Log Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Effect Relation ◽  
Academic Genre

This research was conducted to investigate how frequently Turkish advanced learners of English use the logical connector ‘thus’ in their academic prose and to investigate whether it was overused, underused or misused semantically in comparison to English native speakers. The data were collected from three corpora; Corpus of Contemporary American English and 20 scientific articles of native speakers as control corpora, and 20 scientific articles of Turkish advanced EFL learners. The raw frequencies, frequencies per million words, frequencies per text and log-likelihood ratio were measured so as to compare varieties across the three corpora. The findings revealed that Turkish learners of English showed underuse in the use of the connector ‘thus’ in their academic prose compared to native speakers. Additionally, they did not demonstrate misuse in the use of the connector ‘thus’. Nevertheless, non-native learners of English tended to use this connector in a resultative role (cause-effect relation) more frequently whereas native speakers used it in appositional and summative roles more as well as its resultative role. Furthermore, the most frequent occurrences of ‘thus’ have been in academic genre.

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